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WW1: Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand: The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie had taken place in Serbian. This made Austria mad and decided to punish Serbia. On July 23, Austria came to Serbia with several demands knowing that Serbia could not refuse or a war was to be unleashed with Austria having the upper hand. Serbian leaders did as Austria demanded but still tried to negotiate. However Austria’s leader was in no mood to negotiate and on July 28th he rejected their offer and declared war.

Serbia had Russia as an ally. Russia with its massive number of troops took action and led its troops to Austria’s borders. The British minister and Italian government urged Austria and Russia to negotiate but it was too late. The war had been set. Leaving Europe ready to collapse into this conflict.

By 1914 Europe was divided into 2 separate rival groups. There was the Triple Alliance, which  included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. As well as the Triple Entente which included Great Britain, France, and Russia.

WW2 Germany’s invasion of Poland: Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin signed a ten-year nonaggression pact with Hitler. Hitler promised him territory even though Stalin wasn’t eager to join with the West. Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to divide Poland between them. When this pact was signed Hitler wasted no time. He set in potion his attack on Poland on September 1,1939. He used German tanks and troop trucks. Once Poland fell Hitler claimed the west side of it while Stalin kept the eastern side and sent his soviet troops. While also conquering/taking northern countries in Poland. (Making Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia fall) France and Great Britain declared war on Germany on September 3.

WW2 Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor: On October 1940 America had finally defrased one of Japan’s code messages and became aware of what Japan wanted to do. Japan wanted to conquer European colonies but this would harm the Philippines of America. To stop them the U.S. government sent help to strengthen China’s resistance group. In July 1941 Roosevelt cut off oil shipment to Japan but that didn’t stop them from conquering. Japan wanted to have as much power as Europe and wanted to surprise the U.S. They attacked the British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto attacked the U.S fleet in Hawaii on December 7,1941. They had sunk/damaged more that 19 ships, more than 2,300 Americans were killed. The next day Congress quickly accepted his request for a declaration of war on Japan and its allies.

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WWl:Europe

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WWll:Europe

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WWll: Pacific

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Albania
Austria-Hungary
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Estonia
Finland
France
Great Britain
Germany
Greece
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Montenegro
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Turkey

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World War l is all about the conflict between The Central Powers and The Allies.
Central:
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Bulgaria
the Ottoman Empire.
Allies:
Serbia
Russia
France
the United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
the United States.

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The treaty of Versailles is one of the most controversial decisions of the 20th century.
It is assumed to had been a direct cause of WWII. Leaders from Britain, France, and the
United States met in Paris to create a post war treaty. The treaty made changes in
territorial and the military of Germany. Article 231 of the treaty forced Germany to take
full responsibility for causing WW1. In addition, the other large powers imposed harsh
reperations on Germany. The treaty also set up the "League of Nations" , which ultimately
failed to keep the peace. WW1 seriously damaged Europe's economy and politics and the treaty
failed in resolving post war issues. This settlement fueled German nationalism by
resentment over the country's treatment from the "allies" in the treaty. They felt that
Germany was being emberassed rather than bringing stability and peace to European nations.
This eventually caused the upbringing of the Nazi Party. This all led directly to Hitlers
Power surge and the cause of WWII

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Axis:
Germany
Italy
Japan
Allied:
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Turkey

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Antipodes
Auckland
Austral Islands
Australia
Bismarck Archipelgeo
Bounty
Campbell
Carolina Islands
Chatham Islands
Christmas
Cook Islands
Ducie
Elice Islands
Fanning
Flint
Fiji Islands
Gilbert Islands
Kermadec Islands
Macquarie
Malden
Mariana Islands
Marquesas Islands
Marshal Islands
New Guinea
New Caledonia
New Hebrides
New Zealand
Norfolk
Palau Islands
Palmyra
Paumoto Islands
Pitcairn
Pheonix Islands
Samoa Islands
Solomon Islands
Tokelau Islands
Tonga

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What are Trenches: During World War 1 they used trenches as a way of protection from gun fire and explosions, in between 1914 and 1918 the war had been a war of entrenchment. After the war, trenches covered some 400 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea.

Weaponry & Tactics:

-Poison Gas was entered by the Germans but used by both sides and used to cause blindness, death and severe blisters.

-Machine Gun  was upgraded and much improved by World War 1. The machine gun was capable of firing ammunition automatically, it was also able to wipe out waves of attackers and made it difficult for forces to beat.

- Tank  was introduced by the british in 1916 and was used because it could cross many types of terrain and could go over the trenches that were dug.

-Submarine  was introduced in 1914 by the Germans and was an effective warship. The submarines main use was the be able to take out opposing ships with its underwater missile, which is called a torpedo.

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In World War I the influenza killed 20 million people worldwide including soldiers and civilians, it was ‘more destructive than the war itself’. In India, the influenza killed almost 12 million people and additionally one day on October, 1,500 people died in Berlin due to influenza. The influenza hit England and India by May but by fall it had spread through Europe, Russia, Asia, and the United States.

In World War II, 40 million people died in Europe and at least two-thirds of them were civilians. The Battle of Britain left huge areas of London in blackened ruins and the capital of Poland, Warsaw, was almost completely destroyed. After the bombings, many civilians tried to get on with their lives and many stayed where they were. Some civilians lived in partially destroyed homes or many huddled in cellars or caves made from rubble. Also the war devastated Europe's countryside and the agriculture had been completely disrupted. Thousands of people died from famine and disease in the bombed-out cities. In Japan, the war left the country in ruins. 2 million lives were lost and Tokyo had been largely destroyed by bombings.

The similarities between the Armenian Genocide of World War I and the Holocaust of World War II was families weren't able to see each other because they were separated. People were also being deported from their homes and many of them wouldn't make it to their stated destination. In the Armenian Genocide, on July 31, 1915, mostly women and children deported from the Erzerum District were massacred near Kemakh. In the Holocaust on the way to the chambers several people discovered their children, wives, or relatives and if anyone were to run up to them they would be shot on the spot. In the Armenian Genocide 1.5 million people died in total and in the Holocaust 17 million victims were killed overall.

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Militarism: Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or the people of the country that wants to maintain a strong military capability to be prepared and defend the nation.

Pre WW1:
-Major European powers like Germany, Britain, France, Russia, Italy, etc, increased their military expenditures by over 70%.

- Russia losing to Japan in 1905 caused Russians to spend huge amounts of money on their military.

- Britain and Germany had a naval arms race prior to WW1.

Pre WW2:
-Before WW2, Germany had its military powers reduced significantly and Germany faced economic problems.

-Hitler created the Nazi war Machine

- Japan wanted to build up the strongest military in all of Asia, they wanted to be #1

Alliance: The concept of an alliance is to team up and work together against opposing forces while both sides benefit. The upside of an alliance would be the fact that you have a partner or team to fight alongside you. Yet, the downside of an alliance could be the fact that people can switch sides on you at any team and can become one of your enemies.

Imperialism: Imperialism is a policy for a country that extends their power and influence through military force.

WW1:
- Raw materials in European countries were developing rapidly.

- In both incidents, the First Moroccan Crisis and the Second Moroccan Crisis, Germany attempted to gain control over the North African country of Morocco, which almost led to the war between Germany, Britain, and France.

- Military Advantage: There were strategically important regions in the war like ports for warships.

WW2:
-Hitler desired to unite all people of Germany ancestry

-Germany wanted to gain more and more colonies to help the country become a world power.

-Germany, Japan, and Italy wanted to get many resources to increase their power. This caused the countries to build up their military power.

Nationalism: Nationalism is the pride and feeling of being superior to other nations.

WW1:
- Pan- Slavic nationalism that caused  assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

- Major military powers of Europe like Germany, Great Britain, and Austria-Hungary believed they would win the war quickly.

- French nationalism was caused by an embarrassing defeat against Germany and hoped to gain lost territory.

WW2:
-Hitler wanted to rebuild Germany after the Treaty of Versailles

-Many countries were left out of the Treaty of Versailles which lead countries to prove their own powers and abilities.

- During the night of broken glass, Nazis and supporters of Hitler destroyed many jewish houses, towns, stores, and more. Also known as Kristallnacht.