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1: Scientific Processes
2: Cell Structure & Function
3: Cell Transport
4: Mitosis & Meiosis

5: DNA & RNA
6: Genetics & Biotechnology
7: Evolution
8: Plants
9: Matter & Energy
10: Ecology
11: Human Body Systems
12: Multiple Choice Quiz
13: Answers
By: Logan Bell

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Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skhxo
Description:
When creating an experiment, you must undertake the 5 steps called the scientific method.  The first step is to make an observation about something around you.  Secondly, you must form a question that corresponds with your observation.  Thirdly, you have to form a hypothesis.  The hypothesis is what you think will occur during your experiment using prior knowledge.  Then you conduct an experiment from the question and hypothesis.  Finally, you analyze the data that you collected from the experiment and form a conclusion from that data.  The scientific method is the process everyone must undergo when creating an experiment.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV8lSmIo4Ac
Question:
What vocabulary word is this?
A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.
a) law
b) question
c) theory
d) inference

Website:
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method
Answer:
C

# data[].attributes.body
Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skjoq
Description:
The nucleus is the brain of the cell and is located in all cells. The cell wall though is only located in plant cells and is a protective layer on the outside of the membrane. The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell. The ribosome produces proteins for the cell that help control what leaves and enters that cell.  The chloroplast is another organelle that only exists in plant cells.  The chloroplast creates energy for photosynthesis.  The mitochondria, also known as the powerhouse of the cell, breaks down sugar molecules into energy for the cell.  Finally, the endoplasmic reticulum carries materials throughout the cell.

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkC9AiJf7gI
Question:
Where are ribosomes created in the cell?
a) nucleolus
b) protein
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Mitochondria
Website:
https://msu.edu/~potters6/te801/Biology/biounits/cellstructure&function.htm
Answer:
A

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Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skl59
Description:
The cell membrane is called the gatekeeper for it tells what can get in.  The membrane controls what substances enter and exit the cell.  It is one of the main organelles that help maintain homeostasis.  There are two ways for substances to move past the membrane, Active and Passive transport.  Passive transport uses no energy, while active transport requires energy to get pass the membrane.  Transport through the membrane that uses ATP for energy is called primary active transport.  Then during active transport there is a second stage called secondary active transport which moves multiple molecules across the membrane.  To sum up, the cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell,  maintains homeostasis, and only two methods of transportation can get pass the membrane.

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Svbf40z5obE
Question:
Which requires energy?
a) Active transport
b) Passive transport
c) Maintaining homeostasis
d) All of the above
e) Only A and C
Website:
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell2_passivetran.html
Answer:
E

# data[].attributes.body
Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skmdl
Description:
During cell division there are two ways for it to happen. Mitosis and meiosis are the two ways a cell can divide. During mitosis two clones are made of itself using asexual reproduction. In meiosis sexual reproduction occurs. The difference between the two types is, in meiosis four gametes are made and they not identical. In meiosis, each gamete has exactly half as many chromosomes as the original. Chromosomes are made up of chromatin, which are made up of DNA and histones.  Throughout the human body, each cell has 46 chromosomes, all except gametes.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7Dmhfo7XXA
Question:
What is the copying process where a cell duplicates its DNA?
a) chromosome
b) Replication
c) Repetition
d) Crossing-over
Website:
https://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/vgec/highereducation/topics/cellcycle-mitosis-meiosis
Answer:
B

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Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4sknlt
Description:
DNA is a double-stranded band that stores and transfers genetic information.  RNA is a single-stranded band that directly codes with amino acids.  It also acts as a messenger between ribosomes and DNA to create proteins.  DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.  RNA uses the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.  DNA contains two long polymers called nucleotides, made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds.  A gene is a DNA sequence that contains genetic information for one protein.  There are also two other types of RNA called tRNA and mRNA, which are transfer RNA and messenger RNA.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5gEIViVAPw
Question:
What does Thymine belong to?
a) DNA
b) mRNA
c) tRNA
d) RNA
Website:
https://www.technologynetworks.com/genomics/lists/what-are-the-key-differences-between-dna-and-rna-296719
Answer:
A

# data[].attributes.body
Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skoik
Description:
Genetics is the study of heredity, or how the characteristics of living things are transmitted from one generation to the next.  A way to diagram the flow of genetics is by making a pedigree.  A pedigree is an ancestral line or chart depicting the lineage or descent of an individual.  It shows how and when specific traits are passed on or created.  The way for these traits to pass from one organism to another is by heredity.  Heredity is the genetic information passing for traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction.  A trait it self is a feature of a specific organism.  A phenotype of an organism is a physical trait which means it needs to be physical feature.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IOIx__UJ5g
Question:
What word is this the definition of "having one copy of each allele"?
a) Homozygous
b) Genotype
c) Heterozygous
d) Phenotype
Website:
https://www.ashg.org/education/everyone_1.shtml
Answer:
C

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Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skplo
Description:
Charles Darwin was the first person to create the theory of evolution.  Evolution is the change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.  Natural selection has a large role in the theory of evolution because it determines who survives and who does not.  Natural selection is a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.  Without the process of evolution and natural selection the human race would not exist today.  A mutation or adaptation may occur when undergoing evolution.  A mutation is a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule, which can be for the better or worse.  An adaptation is a characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5Y_ILQB-Kg
Question:
What is a vestigial structure?
a) A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
b) Similar function but different structure - does not show common ancestry.
c) A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.
d) A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose.
Website:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/evolution/
Answer:
D

# data[].attributes.body
Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skqj7
Description:
Plants are the only living things that can undergo photosynthesis.  They take in sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.  Then they convert it in the leaves and create oxygen and glucose, which is sugar.  This takes place in the leaves cells, but more specifically in the cell's chloroplast.  The stem of the plant holds up the leaves and flower for better sunlight.  They also transfer water and minerals up to the leaves and sugar down to the roots.  The roots extract and transfer the water and minerals to the stem.  They grow into the ground for the most amount of nutrients.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-t0sGyjfto
Question:
What process can plants undertake?
a) Germination
b) Pollination
c) Photosynthesis
d) All of the above
Website:
https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPLANTANAT.html
Answer:
D

# data[].attributes.body
Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skt32
Description:
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.  All substances are made of matter.  There are four states of matter: solid, liquid, plasma, and gas.  Energy is the ability to work, or produce change.  Energy exists in different forms but it is neither created nor destroyed.  Energy instead is converted into another form.  Forms of energy can include light, heat, chemical, nuclear, electrical, and mechanical energy. There are points when a substance has so much or such little energy that it changes states of matter. Examples would be boiling point and freezing point.

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKU2IDdvrCE
Question:
What is the definition of Volume?
a) The measure of the amount of matter in an object.
b) Melt, or make a solution out of, or turn into a liquid.
c) Amount of space occupied by an object.
d) None of the above
Website:
https://www.livescience.com/46506-states-of-matter.html
Answer:
C

# data[].attributes.body
Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4sktwd
Description:
Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.  An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.  Something that can hurt an ecosystem is a limiting factor.  Examples of limiting factors would be lack of resources, competition, and lack of space.  The distribution and abundance of organisms on Earth is shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors.  A biotic factor is a living part of the environment.  An abiotic factor is a non-living part of the environment.  Ecology can be studied at many levels, including organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYvQfwtI3Fo
Question:
What is "the number of births in a population in a certain amount of time"?
a) Death rate
b) Birth rate
c) Population
d) Habitat
Website:
http://environment-ecology.com/what-is-ecology/205-what-is-ecology.html
Answer:
B

# data[].attributes.body
Vocab:
https://quizlet.com/_4skun9
Description:
In the human body there are hundreds of organs, body systems, and vital structures for the body to work.  Some of those body systems are: respiratory system, digestive system, and nervous system.  The respiratory system is the body system in which oxygen is brought into the body and carbon dioxide is released.  The digestive system is the body system that takes in, breaks down, and absorbs nutrients that are necessary for growth. Finally, the nervous system is the body system of specialized cells that carry electrical messages throughout the body.  The human heart is one of the most vital organs in the human body.  The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.  One of the vital structures is the kidney, which removes waste and extra fluid from the blood.

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCFUpIkhVBI
Question:
What body system helps rid the body of wastes, toxins, and excess water?
a) Excretory system
b) Integumentary System
c) Skeletal system
d) Muscular system
Website:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-the-organ-systems-of-the-human-body.html
Answer:
A

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1.
What changes the composition of food by breaking it down such as with stomach acids?
a) Integumentary system
b) Chemical digestion
c) Digestive system
d) Digestive track
2.
How many levels is ecology studied at?
a) 1
b) 4
c) 5
d) 2
3.
Which of the following is NOT a form of energy?
a) Mechanical
b) Light
c) Thermal
d) They are all forms of energy
4.
Where does photosynthesis take place?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Cytoplasm
d) Chlorophyll
5.
Who created the theory of evolution?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Albert Einstein
c) Isaac Newton
d) None of the above
6.
What is an ancestral line or chart depicting the lineage or descent of an individual?
a) Punnet square
b) Food Chain
c) A and D
d) Pedigree chart
7.
In what process does asexual reproduction occur?
a) Meiosis
b) Mitosis
c) Repetition
d) Crossing-over
8.
What is the cell membrane's nickname?
a) Gatekeeper
b) Controller
c) Brain
d) Gaurd
9.
What is the nucleus' nickname?
a) Controller
b) Brain
c) Gaurd
d) Gatekeeper
10.
Which is only ever found in plant cells?
a) Vacuoles
b) Nucleus
c) Ribosomes
d) Cell Wall
11.
Which is only ever found in animal cells?
a) Cell membrane
b) All of these
c) None of these
d) Nucleolus
12.
How many steps are in the Scientific Method?
a) 5
b) 4
c) 6
d) 12
13.
What stays the same throughout the entire experiment?
a) Independent variable
b) Control Variable
c) Constant variable
d) Dependent variable
14.
What is the first step in the scientific method?
a) Form a hypothesis
b) Form a question
c) Make an observation
d) None of the above
15.
What is the structural and functional unit of all living things?
a) Cell
b) Atom
c) Tissue
d) Organ
16.
What is the definition of a hypertonic solution?
a) Contains less solute concentration than the cell; water will tend to enter the cell and it will swell
b) A solution in which the concentration of solutes is equal to that of inside the cell

c) A substance that is dissolved in a solution
d) Concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside; water will leave the cell causing it to shrink
17.
Which is in DNA and not RNA?
a) Uracil
b) Adenine
c) Thymine
d) Cytosine
18.
Which of the following is in RNA and not DNA?
a) Uracil
b) Adenine
c) Thymine
d) Cytosine
19.
What is the physical trait of an organism?
a) Genotype
b) Phenotype
c) Trait
d) Gene
20.
Which of the following is not a limiting factor?
a) Competition
b) Lack of shelter
c) Lack of water
d) Abundance of food