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Study, planning and design of how people and computer work together.
Sometimes called as Man-Machine Interaction or Interfacing

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1. Physical - determines the mechanics of interaction between human and computer.

2. Cognitive - ways that users can understand the system and interact with it.

3. Affective - make the interaction a pleasurable experience for the user but also to affect the user in a way that make user continue to use the machine by changing attitudes and emotions toward the user.

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(Shawn Lawton Henry and Mary Martinson) :
- a user interface design process that focuses on usability goals, user characteristics, environment, tasks, and workflow in the design of an interface.
-follows a series of well-defined methods and techniques for analysis, design, and evaluation of mainstream hardware, software, and web interfaces.

(Jeffrey Rubin):
- Development proceeds with the user as the center of focus

(ISO 13407

:1999, revised by: ISO 9241-210:2010)
- an approach to interactive system development that focuses specifically on making systems usable. It is a multi-disciplinary activity.

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Functionality
- the set of actions or services that it provides to its users (provides function needed by users to perform their tasks).
- visible only when it becomes possible to be efficiently utilized by the user.
Usability
-the range and degree by which the system can be used efficiently and adequately to accomplish certain goals for certain users.
- achieved when there is a proper balance between the functionality and usability of a system (Ease of use and learnability).

HCI is a design that should produce a fit between the user, the machine and the required services in order to achieve a certain performance both in quality and optimality of the services.

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Definition: The process of writing computer program (source code).

Programming is a process that include how to write, convert, and run the source code.

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Definition: formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.

It is used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.

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1. First Generation Language

2. Second Generation Language

3. Third Generation Language

4. Fourth Generation Language

5. Fifth Generation Language

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Satisfy the user with a more efficient and user-friendly experience

Increase loyalty and return visits

Establish a more relevant and valuable website

Create websites that supports rather than frustrates the user

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Known as machine language.

This language is specific to a particular computer model.

Program written do not have to be translated as it can be run directly.

The 1GL programs are very tedious and demanding to write.

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Known as assembly language.

Used the computer itself to perform many of the most tedious aspects of programming.

Easier than programming in machine language.

It required the programmer to think like the computer in terms of the individual instructions.

Written in symbolically using English words.

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Early focus on users and tasks

Structured and systematic information gathering (consistent across the board)

Designers trained by experts before conducting data collection sessions

Empirical Measurement and testing of product usage

Focus on ease of learning and ease of use

Testing of prototypes with actual users

Iterative Design

Product designed, modified and tested repeatedly.

Allow for the complete overhaul and rethinking of design by early
testing of conceptual models and design ideas.

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Known as procedure language.

express a step by step procedure devised by the programmer to accomplish the desired task.

Earliest procedural language was FORTRAN

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Known as productivity languages and non-procedural languages.

Give less precise instruction of what computer want to accomplish but it employ employ very high level instructions.

Use English like words and phrases.

Many 4GL are associated with databases and data processing.

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Design to do programming without the help of programmer.

User do not need to worry about how to implement routine or algorithm to solve a problem.

Used mainly in AI research.

Example: OPS5 & Mercury.

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1. understand user needs

2. establish requirements

3. prototyping alternative designs

4. evaluate designs

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Interpreter:

Make sure each source program statement is executed as soon as that single statement is translated.

Compiler:

Make sure the entire program is translated into machine language before any of the program is executed.

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Past HCI

Function/process centered

Not much usage of a graphic

Early PC & Mouse

High learning curve

Present HCI

User centered

OS development

New tech aimed at natural feel, motion capture, touch screen, multi-touch.

Future HCI

Faster, more precise compared to current HCI tech

Multi tech on one gadget, motion capture, sound capture, touch screen.

Minimal learning curve

High mobility

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Holography

The science and practice of making holograms.

Hologram

Three-dimensional image formed by the interference of light beams from a laser or other coherent light source.

A photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics.

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1. Have experts illustrate processes live, in person, in 3D

2. Connect geographically remote classrooms

3. Deliver lectures to multiple classrooms, anywhere, at the same time

4. ‘Remote attendance’

5. Remote access – ‘be there’ in 3D

6. A whole new dimension to instructional content

7. Go ‘back in time’ in 3D?

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System of interconnected computers, telephones, or other communications devices that can communicate with one another and share applications and data

connected together via communication devices and transmission media

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1. Local area network (LAN) : network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area
2.A wireless LAN (WLAN) : a LAN that uses no physical wires
3. Wide area network (WAN) : network that covers a large geographic area

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1.  Access to databases

2.  Better communications

3. Sharing of programs and data

4. Sharing of peripheral devices (printers, scanners)

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A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information

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Any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device

1. Wireless modem uses mobile phone provider’s network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a computer/mobile device

2. Wireless access point (WAP) is a central communications device that allows computers/devices to transfer data wirelessly among
themselves or to a wired network

3. Router connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network.

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Carries one or more communications signals

Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously

Bandwidth amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over transmission media

Latency : time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network

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Broadcast radio: wireless transmission that distributes radio signals through the air over long distance

Cellular radio: a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile communication

Microwaves: radio waves that provide a high-speed
signal transmission

Communications satellite: a space station that receives
microwave signals from an earth-based station, amplifies it, and broadcasts the signal over a wide area to any number of earth-based station

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Web system is a hyper media system that contains pages of information that are linked to each other in the form of a graph, as opposed to being hierarchical or linear.
It can manifest itself as a Web Server that can be accessed through a browser.

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5 Key Skills for Web Application Developer

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5 Key Skills for Web Application Developer

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Structure : HTML

HTML gives your websites a structure and layout.

Presentation : CSS

CSS is used to give the look and feel

Behavior : Javascript

Javascript adds behavior to your website, makes it interesting.

Database : SQL

Web applications that almost always rely on database

Server-Side Language : PHP

PHP is a scripting language on server-side.

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Computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers.

Technology ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers, mobiles devices, information systems, and related technologies.

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1. Should not use computer to harm other people.

2. Should not interfere with other people's computer work.

3. Should not snoop around in other people's files.

4. Should not use a computer to steal.

5. Should not use a computer to bear false witness.

6. Should not use or copy software for which you have not paid.

7. Should not use other people's computer resources without authorization.

8. Should not appropriate other people's intellectual output.

9. Should think about the social consequences of the program you write.

10. Should use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect.

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It is the right of a person to have a "private space" or personal privacy in terms of storing or displaying of information pertaining to oneself on the internet.

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Intellectual properties refer to intangible property that is the result of creativity, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks etc.

Protect Your IP
- Copyright
- Patent
- Trademark