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Odysseus' ordinary world is his home island "on the peaked sea mark of Ithaca" (Homer 21). He lives there with his son and wife, Telemachus and Penelope.

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Odysseus is supposed to fight in the Trojan War but he does not want to go. Athena convinces him to go and he defeats the trojans "he plundered the stronghold on the proud height of Troy" (Homer 4-5)

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Odysseus has three main mentors throughout the story. Athena goddess of wisdom and war is one of his mentors "directed by Athena,
so that we might lay plans to kill our enemies" (Homer). Another one of his mentors is Circe the enchantress "Circe informs him that in order to reach home he must journey to the land of the dead, Hades, and consult the blind prophet Tiresias" (Homer). His last mentor is Tiresias the blind prophet "the cattle of the sun god, which Tiresias has warned Odysseus not to harm" (Homer). Throughout the story, these mentors warn and help Odysseus on his way back home.

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Odysseus crosses the threshold when him and his men travel through the land of the dead "We bore down on the ship at the sea’s edge and launched her on the salt immortal sea" (Homer). In the land of the dead he violates the greek value of death when he encounters Elpenor "Unhappy spirit, I promise you the barrow and the burial" (Homer).

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Battle of the Cicones (sailing from troy)

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Battle of the Cicones (sailing from troy)

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Odysseus and his men violate the greek value of excessive pride when they encounter the Cicones "Plunder we took, and we enslaved the women, to make division" (Homer). They are attacked by the cicones and a lot of his men die as punishment for being greedy.

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Odysseus and his men are faced with a challenge when they dock on the land of the lotus eaters. Odysseus uses intelligence by only sending a couple men to scout out the place "Then I sent out two picked men and a runner
to learn what race of men that land sustained" (Homer). If Odysseus had not used his intelligence, all of his men would be stuck there forever.

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Odysseus uses his intelligence again on the island of the cyclops, Polyphemus. Athena goddess of war and wisdom helps him with defeating Polyphemus "by some sheepherding whim, or a god’s bidding" (Homer). Without Athena's help, Odysseus and his men would be killed, or trapped in that cave forever.

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Odysseus and his men are given all of the winds except for the west by Aeolis, god of the winds "Aeolus, king of the winds, sends Odysseus on his way with a gift: a sack containing all the winds except the favorable west wind" (Homer). Odysseus' men grow impatient and open the sack of winds which they were told not to and it blows them back farther away from their home.

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Odysseus encounters a land of cannibals who destroy all of his ships except for the one he is in "Laestrygonians,47 a race of cannibals. These creatures destroy all of Odysseus’ ships except the one he is sailing in" (Homer).

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Odysseus and his men encounter an enchantress named Circe, who turns his men into animals. Hermes, messenger of the gods helps Odysseus defeat her by giving him an herb "Protected by a magic herb, Odysseus demands that Circe change his men back into human form" (Homer). Without Hermes' help Odysseus would not have been able to defeat Circe.

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Odysseus and his men also encounter sirens on their journey, Helios lord of noon and god of the sun helps them resist the sirens by melting their wax to put in their ears "for a burning heat came down
from Helios, lord of high noon. Going forward I carried wax along the line" (Homer).

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Odysseus and his men have to pass through a narrow straight with monsters on both sides. Odysseus shows leadership by helping his men know what do do and encourage them "Friends,
have we never been in danger before this?" (Homer). He led them on the side closest to Scylla and only lost six men instead of the whole ship.

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Odysseus encounters a sea nymph named Calypso who holds him as her lover for seven years "Ten years after the Trojan War, Odysseus departs from the goddess Calypso’s island" (Homer).

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Odysseus has many allies throughout the story. The Phaeacians are one of his allies "He arrives in Phaeacia, ruled by Alcinous. Alcinous offers a ship to Odysseus and asks him to tell of his adventures" (Homer). Another ally he has is his son Telemachus "Telemachus, true son of King Odysseus, belted his sword on, clapped hand to his spear,
and with a clink and glitter of keen bronze stood by his chair, in the forefront near his father" (Homer). His last ally is Eumaeus "Aided by Athena, Odysseus, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsmen kill all the suitors" (Homer).

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Odysseus' enemies are the suitors who are trying to court his wife "Penelope, Odysseus’ wife, in her home overrun with suitors" (Homer).

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Odysseus and his men were warned not to kill the cattle of the sun god "the cattle of the sun god, which Tiresias has warned Odysseus not to harm" (Homer). Odysseus and his men violate the greek value of excessive greed when they kill and eat the cattle after being warned not to and were punished because of it "'O Father Zeus and gods in bliss forever,
punish Odysseus’ men! So overweening, now they have killed my peaceful kine" (Homer).

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Odysseus has to be unnoticed by the suitors, so Athena disguises him "Athena disguises Odysseus as a beggar and directs him to the hut of Eumaeus" (Homer). Odysseus very much upholds the greek value of bravery when he faces all of the suitors "Odysseus glowered under his black brows and said: 'Not for the whole treasure of your fathers,
all you enjoy, lands, flocks, or any gold put up by others, would I hold my hand. There will be killing till the score is paid. You forced yourselves upon this house. Fight your way out, or run it, if you think you’ll escape death'" (Homer).

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Odysseus shares his story with King Alcinous, who gives him a boat to return back to his home island "Odysseus has finished telling his story to the Phaeacians. The next day, young Phaeacian noblemen conduct him home by ship" (Homer). He also reveals who he is to the suitors "Odysseus said:
“Telemachus, the stranger
you welcomed in your hall has not disgraced you. I did not miss, neither did I take all day stringing the bow" (Homer).

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Odysseus completed his long journey and reclaims his island with his wife and son "Odysseus has regained his family and his kingdom" (Homer). Him and his family live the rest of their lives together.

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Odysseus is an epic hero. He journeys for years to reach his home and family. He shows intelligence, bravery, and leadership throughout his voyage. He shows intelligence when he tells the cyclops that his name is nobody "Nohbdy, Nohbdy’s tricked me, Nohbdy’s ruined me!" (Homer). He shows leadership when he encourages his men to keep going when the pass Scylla and Charybdis "is it now, than when the Cyclops penned us in his cave? What power he had!" (Homer). Lastly, he shows bravery when he faces all of the suitors "Now shrugging off his rags the wiliest fighter of the islands leapt and stood on the broad doorsill, his own bow in his hand" (Homer). These traits and values show that Odysseus is an epic hero.