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Bell UH-1 "Huey" (Wikipedia Commons)

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Developments in technology were also important to the fighting in Vietnam. One key tactic during the war was the use of air forces, including the spraying of Agent orange but also powerful bomber planes such as the B-52 heavy bomber, which were sent to low-altitude bombing missions, according to History.com. Also, the Bell UH-1 helicopter transported tools and supplies or injured troops. On the ground, soldiers were equipped with M-16 rifles, which were specifically redesigned for the wet and dirty conditions of guerilla fighting. In addition, Napalm, which could be ignited to create a powerful explosive, devastated the environment and people of Vietnam. The North countered many of these new technologies using weapons from USSR or China, like anti-plane SA-7 Grail missiles. In guerilla combat, AK-47s and stolen bombs from the U.S. worked well enough to hinder the capabilities of American troops. Although American technology was deadly to millions of people, it wasn't able to force North Vietnam to resign, partly because of the counter-weapons that Vietnam had.

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The amount of people going to college increased due to the Vietnam War, because it was a way to avoid being drafted, and also because of the G.I. Bills, which allowed Veterans full tuition in education. (V.A.gov)

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"Well here I sit in this rice paddy,
Wondering about Big Daddy,
And I know that Lyndon loves me so.
Yet how sadly I remember,
Way back yonder in November,
When he said I'd never have to go" (Paxton).

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Johnson Announcing the War on Poverty in his State of the Union Address (1964)

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Johnson Announcing the War on Poverty in his State of the Union Address (1964)

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"This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America. I urge this Congress and all Americans to join with me in that effort" (Found on Miller Center).

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(Environmental science)

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"With America's sons in the fields far away, with America's future under challenge right here at home, with our hopes and the world's hopes for peace in the balance every day, I do not believe that I should devote an hour or a day of my time to any personal partisan causes or to any duties other than the awesome duties of this office — the presidency of this country... Accordingly, I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president" (Found on NPR)

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New technology that became available during the Vietnam War escalated the mindset of the American people. Being able to see the war in front of their own eyes on television, people realized that they were in a losing battle, which is why so many people started to oppose the war effort.

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Interaction Between Humans and the Environment

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Interaction Between Humans and the Environment

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Viet Cong's knowledge of the landscape in Vietnam, which consisted of jungles and difficult to traverse terrain, proved to be a major disadvantage to America; the US used technology such as bombs and chemical herbicides to clear out the land, which had devastating effects on the environment (Malignani). The most widely used herbicide was Agent Orange (History.com), which wiped out entire forests and greatly reduced biodiversity. It also caused serious birth defects and cancers for people living in areas where Agent Orange was released.  (Environmental science)

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Alongside the war, Johnson introduced the war on poverty, which included Medicaid, employment programs, and education reforms. These programs covered over 15 percent of the federal budget in 1970 (NCBI) (during Nixon's presidency but the programs were introduced under Johnson) and were a major focus of Johnson's presidency. Ultimately, these programs were limited due to the funds that had to be sent to the war, but both were major contributors to the rising inflation in the 60s. The amount of funds sent to fight in Vietnam weakened the dollar (The Vietnam War Impact) (made it worth less compared to other currencies) and, combined with the war on poverty, inflation rates in the 60s grew immensely, as shown by the graph.

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Johnson was associated with what many thought to be an unnecessary war, making Johnson the target of several anti-war songs, which were popular during this era. "Lyndon Johnson Told the Nation" is the most direct example of this; its lyrics demonstrate the frustration that people had towards Johnson and the war. As many men were drafted to the Vietnam War, a lot of them did not want to go. As they spent time in Vietnam, they adapted to the situation as the war was changing their lives, they realized they could have had a normal life if not for the draft.

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Johnson was the main contributor to the war effort in Vietnam, but that wasn't the case at first; during the beginning of his term, he advocated for peace. However, he was later influenced by members of the U.S. government to engage in the war, which led to escalation. In addition to the bombing that he authorized on Vietnam (Miller Center), his administration drafted over 500 thousand soldiers (link to infographic source), mostly for search-and-destroy missions. People associated Johnson with the Vietnam War that very few actually liked, and Johnson's legacy reflects this. Johnson announced that he will not run for his second term (see below), largely because of the impact that the war had on his image.

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Although Johnson's approval rate was initially very high, his popularity steadily declined throughout his presidency. The biggest reason for Johnson's fall in popularity was the dissatisfaction that people had with the war. As people realized that the war effort had failed, the consensus shifted from trying to reach negotiations to getting out of Vietnam completely, as shown by the poll. People were very emotional about this issue, and protests erupted across the nation. While Johnson did many things in terms of Civil Rights and economics, which many believed to be great achievements, others resented these acts, making Johnson a very controversial figure on top of the already resented war.  This caused the Vietnam War to be one of the most polarizing times in US history.