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Copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive right to make copies of a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form

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Genre means a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific form, content, and style.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex, still cameras and motion picture cameras. used to get photos and videos

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type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is used to take the photo, while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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Large format cameras use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger with some of the most common film sizes being 4x5" and 8x10". used for filming.

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processes of turning films and papers into an actual photo that you can see.

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Popular Photography: Techniques and How-Tos, Camera Reviews

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Popular Photography has offered high-quality how-to articles, gear reviews, and photography inspiration since 1937.

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Exhibition
a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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A curator searches and collects the most appropriate and effective images for an intended use

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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framing is the presentation of visual elements in an image, especially the placement of the subject in relation to other objects. Framing can make an image more aesthetically pleasing and keep the viewer's focus on the framed object

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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Line is a mark made using a drawing tool or brush. There are many types of lines: thick, thin, horizontal, vertical, zigzag, diagonal, curly, curved, spiral, etc. and are often very expressive. Lines are basic tools for artists—though some artists show their lines more than others. also can be used to show one thing in the photo, makes it so you only see one main thing.

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a shape is an enclosed space, a bounded two-dimensional form that has both length and width. the building blocks that artists use to create images on canvas and in our minds.

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Color is an element consisting of hues, of which there are three properties: hue, chroma or intensity, and value. Color is present when light strikes an object and it is reflected back into the eye

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It is an element of two-dimensional and three-dimensional designs and is distinguished by its perceived visual and physical properties. Use of texture, along with other elements of design, can convey a variety of messages and emotions

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refers to the gradual change of lightness or darkness of a color. It is created when a light source shines upon an object creating highlights, form shadows and cast shadows.

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form connotes something that is three-dimensional and encloses volume, having length, width, and height, versus shape, which is two-dimensional, or flat.

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It refers to the distance between or the area around and within shapes, forms, colors and lines. Space can be positive or negative. It includes the background, foreground and middle ground.

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The distribution of the visual light of objects, colors, texture, and space.

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varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring. Variety can also be varying your angles, exposure, composition, etc., to get a few different looks to the same image.

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The repetition of lines, shapes, tones or color can create interesting images. There are photographers who use the pattern as the main subject of an image while others use it to enhance the overall composition and look of the photograph.

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Proportion in photography is usually comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole. We generally think of comparing size when talking about proportion. By comparing the size of one object to another, it can give more or less importance to it. Color, as an Element.

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Movement in photography is related to the way the gear is set and also how it is manipulated. Long exposures convey movement by capturing everything in the sensor, when shutter speeds are less than 1/60 of a second.

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Unity describes the visual relationship between elements in a photograph. It helps create a cohesive image. Using similar colors or tones, concepts or elements cultivates a sense of unity.

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an area or object within the artwork that draws attention and becomes a ​focal point. ... Complementary colors (across from each other on the color wheel) draw the most attention. Therefore, the red circle is the focal point of the composition.

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any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. ... Examples of cool colors include green, blue and violet

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Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow.warm colors are rarer than cool colors, so an image which has even a small splash of warmth can stand out. This is one reason why photos at sunset and sunrise, as well as fall colors, are as popular as they are.

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colors opposite one another on the color wheel—can be used very effectively in visual art, including photography. complementary colors make each seem brighter and more vivid, creating a powerful visual effect.

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can be the color of sand, the color of water, or the color of dust, for example. These tones often range on the warmer scale, and are opposite to the bold colors typically associated with dramatic tonal differences

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aligning a subject with the guide lines and their intersection points, placing the horizon on the top or bottom line, or allowing linear features in the image to flow from section to section.

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lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest

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a composition guide, It helps to lead the viewer through the entire photo. The composition will be more pleasing and balanced for the human eye.

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the area surrounding the main subject in a photograph which is left unoccupied. Put simply, it is the space around the object itself that helps define the positive space

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any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail.

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cause objects that contain or are coated with a fluorescent element to glow in the dark. Black Light causes fluorescent materials to emit visible light and is used to take pictures in the dark.

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being a visual art. In other words, it is based on your perception rather than judgments from other peoples perspective. ... A picture might be subjective based on the photographer's view while a viewer might see at it from the objective angle

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it informs the photographer how to improve. ... You actually give the photographer useful information how to improve, and get better. You tell them what they can possibly do next time to avoid a mistake.

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stealing the idea of someone else to create your own work, without giving any credit to the original source.

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is a Brand mark also it's a “word, name, symbol, device, or any combination, used or intended to be used to identify and distinguish the goods/services of one seller or provider from those of others, and to indicate the source of the goods/services

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Photography ethics are subjective, contextual, and fluid, meaning that every person's ethics will be different, because ethics are based on a person's life experience and values

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together—originated in art as a drawing or painting in two parts. The format of the pictures was typically landscape or portrait, usually the same size.

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A Triptych usually is arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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the smallest item of information in an image. Pixels are arranged in a 2-dimensional grid, represented using squares. Each pixel is a sample of an original image, where more samples typically provide more-accurate representations of the original.

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the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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It refers to a period of time just before sunrise when the sky turns from a deep twilight to dark blue and then to light blue just before the Sun peeks above the horizon.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file. It specifies how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium. ... Some file formats are designed for very particular types of data

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stands for “Joint Photographic Experts Group”. It's a standard image format for containing lossy and compressed image data. Despite the huge reduction in file size JPEG images maintain reasonable image quality.

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image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, a motion picture film scanner, or other image scanner. Raw files are named so because they are not yet processed and therefore are not ready to be printed or edited with a bitmap graphics editor.

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a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers

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a layered image file used in Adobe Photoshop (PSD), which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the user to work with the images individual layers even after the file has been saved.

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a method of changing the color of black-and-white photographs. In analog photography, it is a chemical process carried out on metal salt based prints such as Silver Prints, Iron Based Prints, Platinum or Palladium Prints photographic prints.

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the contour created when an object or person blocks rays of light from reaching a surface. The shape of a shadow changes based on its relationship with its light source. The distance, angle, and size of the source work together to determine the intensity, form, and scale of the shadow.

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all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones. ... While mid-tones help to ensure much information is contained in an image, a photograph consisting of only mid-tones lacks dynamics.

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are usually defined as the brightest area in a photo.  what you shoot as white doesn't always come out as white. ... With that in mind, I would like to redefine highlights as the brightest area in a photo in which one can still see detail.

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process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image

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non-directional light, where the intensity of light is even. For example, an overcast day provides diffused light. This light is fantastic for portrait photography, as it creates little or no shadow on a person's face.

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any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition. It is a technique that creates a three-dimensional quality in images on a two-dimensional plane.

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an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice. To create an unbiased photographic image or documentary.

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The amount of time your camera is exposed to light and how much time it comes into the camera lense.

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many photographs are taken over a long period of time and are shown quickly in a series so that a slow action (such as the opening of a flower bud) appears to happen quickly.

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the Art Form of using handheld lights to paint and/or draw in a scene while the shutter of a camera is left open during a long exposure photograph

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a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position. the camera moves perpendicular to the direction it is pointed.

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a digital camera refers to the size of the digital image the camera produces, and is usually expressed in terms of "megapixels" or how many million pixels it can record in a single image.

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a camera that combines the optics and mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, rather than photographic film.

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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This term generally refers to the absence of post-processing with an image editing program. The image is untouched, just what the photographer saw and the camera recorded.

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is an image stabilization  that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot. This can be good if you have no idea of what settings to choose and also when you need to shoot quickly.

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you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. These three settings work together to control the how bright or dark your photo is (known as exposure), as well as change the overall look of the image.

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scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating

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ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter. For that reason, ISO can help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about your aperture and shutter speed settings

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the image sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera.

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detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles.

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a camera setting that specifies the aperture of the lens on a particular photograph. It is represented using f-numbers. The letter “f” stands for focal length of the lens.

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the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light". Differences in lens aberrations and aperture shape cause very different bokeh effects.

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the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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the length of time that the film is exposed to the scene you're photographing. Similarly, in digital photography, shutter speed is the length of time that your image sensor “sees” the scene you're attempting to capture.

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a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera. It allows your shutter speed to be any length you choose: one second, one minute, 17 minutes, or anything else

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the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image, and is often used in both nature photography and sports photography.

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the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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a three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus.

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digital single-lens reflex camera with a 35 mm image sensor format. Historically, 35 mm was considered a small film format compared with medium format, large format and even larger.

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an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C ("Classic") format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2. ... All APS-C variants are considerably smaller than 35 mm standard film which measures 36×24 mm.

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an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.

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a fixed focal length lens that does not allow you to zoom in or out. In short, the determined focal length of the lens is the distance between the point of convergence in your lens to the sensor or film in your camera. Prime lenses allow a handful of benefits compared to their zoom counterparts.

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a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length