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the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution.

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different organisms independently evolve similar traits

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no more individuals of that species alive anywhere in the world - the species has died out

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a type of reproductive isolation mechanism among sexual organisms in which the differences in the timing of critical reproductive events prevent members of closely related species, which could otherwise breed with one another, from mating and producing hybrid offspring.

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The separation of two populations of the same species or breeding group by a physical barrier, such as a mountain or body of water.

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when members of a population diverge in their behaviors over time.

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The biological properties of organisms that prevent interbreeding

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process within evolution that leads to the formation of new, distinct species that are reproductively isolated from one another.

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an event that drastically reduces the size of a population.

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the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors.

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a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance (sampling error).

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an evolutionary force that drives a population apart.

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any selective force or forces which push a population toward the average, or median trait.

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a force in nature that causes a population to evolve towards one end of a trait spectrum.

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retention during the process of evolution of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species.

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similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins

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similar structures that evolved from a common ancestor

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when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time.

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Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest)

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Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest)

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the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.

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a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

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an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

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the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.

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the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.