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“Personal Data Law Needs to be Tightened” by Hakem Hassan is informational writing because the author makes a clear statement on the importance of revising the legislation covering personal data.

This article tells about the importance of tightening the personal data law. There had been negative impacts on data breaches where the incident will lead to data leaking to the irresponsible litigant. These individuals will abuse the data, making a serious mess to the country. Hence, Malaysia’s Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) should improvise with new regulations on punishing the scammers. Besides, the writer also urges readers to be more careful in providing personal data, especially when asked for irrelevant information. The writer also provides examples of scam cases that can even happen in a large company. This is to show readers that scammers can do scamming anywhere. The author also argues that data breaches can bring negative effects to both consumers and companies in a way of their reputation and operational damage. The long-lasting damage is costly due to online privacy.

The author concludes that the personal data protection act cannot function comprehensively in protecting all as the data breaches involve a very wide range of online communities.

Personal data can be any information that is either identified or unidentified piece info. If these data were collected together, this can lead to a false identification that constitutes fake personal data. As a consumer, it is important to have a clear understanding of the information needed. Likewise, some applications do not need more personal data like your family members’ data. If we are asked to provide such personal information, we might be facing more serious aftermath on that. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will help protect personal data regardless of the technology used for processing the data.

The article is quite packed with information about the personal data law and breaches in various views. This article gives a simple and common view on all the points discussed in the article, making the readers unable to focus on the seriousness that the author tries to bring out. The article should be related more towards the critical consequences of data being breached and their impacts on the country, company, and the consumer. On the other side, the writer uses the real situation as an example to give readers a view of the severity of data breaches. The author also uses a serious tone to inform and explain the issue discussed to the readers.

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PETALING JAYA: There is a need for a revision of legislation covering personal data if security breaches are to be avoided, or at the very least minimised, cyber security experts told theSun.

Assoc Prof Dr Selvakumar Manickam of Universiti Sains Malaysia said data breaches can be extremely damaging, citing the leak involving Malaysian telcos in 2016, which gave rise to Macau scams.

"As we rely more on online services, we have to share our personal data with these service providers to ensure smooth delivery of their services," he said.

It is important that service providers do not ask for information that is not relevant to the service they render, and must provide reasons why such information is required.

"Malaysia's Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) should be bolstered with new regulation requiring online systems to be stress-tested and certified by security experts and fix any vulnerabilities found," he said.

Under PDPA, a business which fails to protect its customers' personal data within its control is guilty of an offence and the business owner is liable to a fine not exceeding RM300,000 or a jail term not exceeding two years, or both.

Selvakumar believes that the law should be amended to make the penalty harsher and to ensure businesses are not allowed to operate without any form of cyber-security certification.

Cyber-security testing firm LGMS Group chief executive officer Fong Choong-Fook said data leaks pose a great risk since it gives rise to malicious practices such as the selling of identities and scams.

Fong suggested that individuals be more careful before submitting their personal details and to only give information that is crucial.

"If you are registering for a gym membership, for example, information such as the personal details of your family members and your household income should obviously not be disclosed."

Custodians of personal data can be made liable for breaches of the data and consumers can lodge complaints with the Personal Data Protection Department.

The cyber security experts were commenting on a Malaysian Airlines data security breach recently reported at a third-party IT service provider.

The airlines informed members of its frequent flyer programme, Enrich, that the incident happened during a nine-year period from March 2010 to June 2019.

The number of members affected was not disclosed. However, personal data involved included names, date of birth, gender and contact details of the programme members.

Unfortunately, such cases are far too common, both in Malaysia and elsewhere, with data breaches becoming more prevalent in today's highly digitalised world.

A major example included the Malindo airlines data breach in 2017. The details of about 30 million passengers of Malindo and Lion Group subsidiary, Thai Lion Air, were posted on online forums, all due to the negligence of a third party.

Lecturer and criminologist Shankar Durairaja said data breaches not only have severe consequences to consumers but also to the companies.

Shankar said companies can face significant financial losses due to regulatory fines, settlement payments, and future revenue loss as well as face lawsuits from customers.

"Companies can face reputational and operational damage, which is long-lasting. Senior management can also be dismissed for trying to cover up the data breach."

He also suggested that PDPA be amended to address issues related to online privacy, including data such as geolocation and "cookies".

"The Personal Data Protection Act 2010 only protects against the inappropriate use of personal data for commercial purposes and does not cover breaches involving the online community," he added.

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'Personal data law needs to be tightened' (Updated)

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PETALING JAYA: There is a need for a revision of legislation covering personal data if security breaches are to be avoided, or at the very least minimised, cyber security experts told theSun.

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The Future Through Artificial Intelligence

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The Future Through Artificial Intelligence

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“The Future Through Artificial Intelligence” is an informative article that talks about the artificial intelligence (AI) that exists in our life.

This article tells about the development and its place in human life. The main subject in this article is telling that how AI functions in human life and its involvement in substituting some of the human’s limitations. The era of modernization is emphasizing the creation of intelligent machines that can replace human existence which the outcome is somehow the same. The presence of AI is mostly seen and felt almost everywhere. The author also writes about the development from higher education in developing students that are ready to embrace the world into a better AI generation. The author pointed out how higher education schools bring in the elites and collaboration with other countries to make this dream a milestone nearer. This shows how active the world is improving in the AI system.

This article gives a wide elaboration on how AI will develop in the future but it yet not attracting the readers’ attention on the importance of AI. The writer should include more life situations where we are relying on AI continuously. For example, the household appliances can start up automatically with the single tip control from the phone without the obstruct of far distance. The revolution of AI from a weak one to a stronger one is also an important point that the readers can refer to. Previously, the weak AI tends to be simple and is single-task oriented. However, with the transform of technologies, the strong AI can now take up multi-tasks and more complex tasks that a human can do. Thus, this will be the attraction to the article.

This article also shows important elements on the desire of the AI transformation with the example actions taken by the universities. The writer also uses an optimistic tone in expressing the eagerness of transformation of the AI.

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ARTIFICIAL Intelligence (AI) is the wave of the future. This area of computer science emphasising the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans is heavily influencing and taking over the way we get on with daily life.

More importantly, it is revolutionising industries and improving the way business is done, being already widely used in applications including automation, data analytics and natural language processing.

On a bigger spectrum, from self-driving cars to voice-initiated mobile phones and computer-controlled robots, the presence of AI is seen and felt almost everywhere.

As more industries shift towards embracing the science of incorporating human intelligence in machines so the latter can function, think and work like humans, the demand for human capital with the relevant skill and expertise correspondingly increases.

As such, the question is, how do engineering students ride this wave and make the most of it?

AI has a high learning curve but the rewards of a career in AI far outweigh the investment of time and energy.

Unlike most conventional careers, AI is still in its infancy stage although several modern nations have fully embraced the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Taking this into account, UCSI University has taken the initiative to develop the Bachelor of Computer Engineering (Artificial Intelligence) programme.

The nation's best private university for two years in a row, according to the two recent QS World University Rankings exercises, proactively defines its own AI curriculum to offer educational content that can help increase the supply of AI engineers with job-ready graduates and real world experiences.

The AI programme at UCSI consists of a number of specialisations and several overlapping disciplines, including mathematical and statistical methods, computer sciences and other AI core subjects to provide a conceptual framework in providing solutions for real-world engineering problems.

The first two years covers core theoretical knowledge such as mathematics and statistics, algorithm design and computer programming, as well as electrical and electronics.

Students will progress to the AI subfields by selecting the specialisation elective tracks covering emerging areas such as machine learning, decision-making and robotics, perception and language and human-AI interaction, among others.

UCSI Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment dean Asst Prof Ts Dr Ang Chun Kit pointed out that AI was "unavoidably" the way forward.

"We aim to nurture the new generation workforce with the right skills set and knowledge on smart technologies to accelerate Malaysia's transformation into a smart and modern manufacturing system.

"This programme was developed with a vision to provide the foundation for future growth in producing more complex and high-value products for industry sectors in Malaysia, " he said.

Leading the faculty in which 46 of its members have PhDs, Ang emphasised the university focuses on research attachment abroad and has established partnerships with key industry players.

The faculty also stands out in terms of receiving grants to advance high impact projects.

Students from the faculty are also annually selected for researches at world-renowned universities such as Imperial College London and Tsinghua University.

The faculty also strives to give students field experience through internships at various top companies.

An example would be Harry Hoon Jian Wen, an Electrical and Electronic Engineering student. He was selected to go to the University of Queensland for a research attachment while also successfully completing his internship at Schneider Electric.
For further details, visit http://online.ucsiuniversity.edu.my/ or email info.sec@ucsiuniversity.edu.my

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The future through Artificial Intelligence

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ARTIFICIAL Intelligence (AI) is the wave of the future. This area of computer science emphasising the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans is heavily influencing and taking over the way we get on with daily life.

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“We Cannot Afford to Lose a Generation” by The Stars Say is an informative story because the author makes a point on the current covid-19 situation and the best and suitable solution to the status given.

This article tells about the serious view where the parents, educational institutions, and governments are worried of due to the rising number of covid-19 cases. In assuring the students’ safety from Covid-19 cases, the education party must also ensure the progress of students in order to keep them on track. Young children are supposed to build their skills and having progress in their education and personal development. However, the Covid-19 situation has directly interrupted their intellectual, social, and literary skills that put their future at risk. The writer also provides some beneficial suggestions that involve all parties such as parents, school, education ministry, and government in reducing the negative impact of the Covid-19 situation on children’s development. In the author’s writing, we can also learn that cooperation in all parties is very important to ensure the children’s future not regressing along with the current situation.

This is a good article where it shows that the author writes to take a stand and proposing a solution towards the issue that arises. The writer also uses a neutral tone in convincing the readers in taking serious action. Besides the impact on student’s educational and personal progress, 13% of students will be experiencing delayed graduation, 40 % will lose a job, getting an internship or offer, and 29% is expected to earn less at age 35. The effects of the pandemic had been heterogeneous due to various conditions that change from time to time. The incur from this pandemic is unknown which addresses various concerns that no one can predict. As a student, one should always keep themselves occupied by mastering new skills and furnishing adaptation to circumstances that might occur. Students will face uncertainties for the future but they can learn to accept the reality of the situation and improve it. Avoiding things that are being uncertain will make things worse. Besides, students can also make use of online learning where we should participate actively either in lecture or class in hope that the engagements made can make lessons clear.

This article is very informative as it provides visions on the current situation and giving example suggestions to overcome the problem. It gives an optimistic view on this issue and gives the reader faith in overcoming this obstacle.

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WITH the rising number of Covid-19 clusters detected in educational institutions, parents are understandably in two minds about sending their children to school.

Schools administrators are also finding it extra challenging to deal with the situation, and adding to their already heavy workload in ensuring the safety of their teachers and students, they are now getting calls from concerned parents asking about the situation in schools based on information they get by word of mouth and on social media instead of official announcements.

Some parents are even demanding the return of virtual classes amid growing concerns over children attending face-to-face classes.

However, we also need to understand the Education Ministry's predicament.

A blanket closure of schools is not the answer.

Data shows that we cannot afford to keep children out of school for too long if we are to avoid what Unicef (United Nations Children's Fund) has described as a "lost generation".

As educationists and child development experts have pointed out, a prolonged closure of schools can and have had adverse consequences for children's intellectual, social and personal development.

The impact is particularly severe on the most vulnerable and marginalised children, many of whom have fewer educational opportunities outside of school.

Many young children, especially the underprivileged, have had essential learning such as basic 3R literacy skills interrupted, and this can lead to irreversible harm to their education development. It has also been reported that the disruption to schooling has led to older students dropping out, putting their future at risk.

What is clear is that with the challenges the schools are facing now, the authorities must clarify Covid-19 procedures and guidelines in schools, not just to reassure parents but to empower schools themselves to deal with the effects of the pandemic directly instead of having to wait for directives from district education offices on the next course of action, especially closures, if a case is detected.

For instance, to minimise the risk of infection and to maintain physical distancing among students, schools should be allowed to determine how many children can be present at any one time. Students and staff can take turns to come in on alternate days as a temporary measure until cases at school come down.

At the same time, to eliminate fear among parents and to be more transparent, the Education Ministry should consider providing daily updates on Covid-19 cases in schools, ie, naming which schools have cases and how many.

Parents too have to play their part, not just in ensuring the safety of their children but also others when conducting themselves outside the home. They cannot afford to be negligent about adhering to the SOP and exposing themselves to to the virus.

It only takes one careless parent to carry the infection home to his or her child who will then spread the virus in school. Basically, parents become frontliners in this situation.

Crucially, the government needs to continue strengthening the online learning system in schools while increasing the digital access to underprivileged children.

This includes enhancing the content and broadcasting period of DidikTV KPM that was launched in February this year, as well increasing TV Pendidikan slots broadcast on RTM via TV Okey in Sabah and Sarawak, and making Tutor TV on Astro more widely accessible to the B40 (low income) group. Remote learning can help students keep on track if they miss days at school and the system should be ready to pick up the slack if schools have no other choice but to close entirely.

We cannot afford to let our children fall behind or, worse, become part of a "lost generation".

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WITH the rising number of Covid-19 clusters detected in educational institutions, parents are understandably in two minds about sending their children to school.

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Fukushima: Japan Announces It Will Dump Contaminated Water into Sea

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Fukushima: Japan Announces It Will Dump Contaminated Water into Sea

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“Fukushima: Japan Announces It Will Dump Contaminated Water into Sea” is an information writing which shows a clear structure on the opposing views from the other countries towards Japan.

This article is a news report on Japan’s decision in dumping contaminated radioactive wastewater into the sea nearby. The author uses the dialogues from the opposing parties in showing the strongly opposed views from the neighboring countries. The dialogues in the article suggest that Japan being irresponsible in dealing with the waste, some also said that the wastewater will affect the ecosystem. The theme of the article focuses on the effects of wastewater that might cause countless damage to all.

This article purely showing the objections from the neighboring countries that can directly show the readers how serious will the wastewater bring to the surroundings. Radioactive substances bring about massive destruction to human health and also to the ecosystem if the wastewater would have been disposed of through the sea. Radioactivity wastewater is indeed treated but the content of radioactive is still harmful to the human.

The author uses a neutral tone where the writer does not perform bias in the writing. The writer only uses the dialogues of opposition from the neighbors. Hence, it is clearly seen that the radioactive wastewater is harmful to humans and the surrounding although the wastewater had been treated.

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Japan has announced it will release more than 1m tonnes of contaminated water from the wrecked Fukushima nuclear power plant into the sea, a decision that has angered neighbouring countries, including China, and local fishers.

Official confirmation of the move, which came more than a decade after the nuclear disaster, will deal a further blow to the fishing industry in Fukushima, which has opposed the measure for years.

The prime minister, Yoshihide Suga, told a meeting of ministers on Tuesday that the government had decided that releasing the water into the Pacific Ocean was the "most realistic" option, and "unavoidable in order to achieve Fukushima's recovery".

The plant's operator, Tokyo Electric Power [Tepco], and government officials say tritium, a radioactive material that is not harmful in small amounts, cannot be removed from the water, but other radionuclides can be reduced to levels allowed for release.

"The Japanese government has compiled basic policies to release the processed water into the ocean, after ensuring the safety levels of the water ... and while the government takes measures to prevent reputational damage," Suga told reporters.

Work to release the diluted water will begin in about two years, the government said, with the entire process expected to take decades.

"On the premise of strict compliance with regulatory standards that have been established, we select oceanic release," it said in a statement.

China denounced the plan as "extremely irresponsible", and accused Japan of reaching the decision "without regard for domestic and foreign doubts and opposition".

"This approach is extremely irresponsible and will seriously damage international public health and safety and the vital interests of the people of neighbouring countries," the Chinese foreign ministry said in a statement on its website.

South Korea summoned Japan's ambassador, Koichi Aiboshi, the broadcaster YTN reported, while a high-level government official said Seoul "firmly opposes" the move, a view also expressed by Taiwan's Atomic Energy Council.

The US was supportive, describing Japan's decision-making process as "transparent".

"We thank Japan for its transparent efforts in its decision to dispose of the treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi site," the secretary of state, Antony Blinken, tweeted.

The announcement drew swift condemnation from environmental groups.

Greenpeace Japan said it "strongly condemned" the water's release, which "completely disregards the human rights and interests of the people in Fukushima, wider Japan and the Asia-Pacific region".

"The Japanese government has once again failed the people of Fukushima," said Kazue Suzuki, the group's climate and energy campaigner.

"The government has taken the wholly unjustified decision to deliberately contaminate the Pacific Ocean with radioactive waste. It has discounted the radiation risks and turned its back on the clear evidence that sufficient storage capacity is available on the nuclear site as well as in surrounding districts.

Activists protest against the Japan government's plan to release treated water from the stricken Fukushima nuclear plant into the sea. Photograph: Philip Fong/AFP/Getty Images

"The cabinet's decision failed to protect the environment and neglected the large-scale opposition and concerns of the local Fukushima residents, as well as the neighbouring citizens around Japan."

About 1.25m tonnes of water has accumulated at the site of the nuclear plant, which was crippled after going into meltdown following a tsunami in 2011.

It includes water used to cool the plant, as well as rain and groundwater that seeps in daily. The water needs to be filtered again to remove harmful isotopes and will be diluted to meet international standards before any release, the government said.

The radioactive water, which increases in quantity by about 140 tonnes a day, is now being stored in more than 1,000 tanks, and space at the site is expected to run out around next autumn. Tepco has argued that it will struggle to make progress on decommissioning the plant if it has to keep building more storage tanks at the site.

The International Atomic Energy Agency supports the decision, since radioactive elements, except tritium, will be removed from the water or reduced to safe levels before it is discharged. The IAEA has also pointed out that nuclear plants around the world use a similar process to dispose of wastewater.

Experts say tritium is only harmful to humans in large doses and with dilution the treated water poses no scientifically detectable risk.

"There is consensus among scientists that the impact on health is minuscule," Michiaki Kai, an expert on radiation risk assessment at Japan's Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, told Agence France-Presse before the decision was announced.

But local fishing communities say the water's release will undo years of hard work to rebuild consumer confidence in their seafood.

"They told us that they wouldn't release the water into the sea without the support of fishermen," Kanji Tachiya, who heads a local fisheries cooperative in Fukushima, told public broadcaster NHK ahead of the announcement. "We can't back this move to break that promise and release the water into the sea unilaterally."

The decision comes about three months ahead of the postponed Olympic Games in Tokyo, with some events planned as close as 60km (35 miles) from the plant.

Japanese officials have objected to media descriptions of the water as "contaminated" or "radioactive", insisting that it be described as "treated".

Shaun Burnie, senior nuclear specialist with Greenpeace East Asia, said that claim was "clearly false".

"If it was not contaminated or radioactive they would not need approval (to release the water) from Japan's nuclear regulator," he said. "The water in the tanks is indeed treated, but it is also contaminated with radioactivity. The Japanese government has been deliberately seeking to deceive over this issue, at home and abroad."

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Fukushima: Japan announces it will dump contaminated water into sea

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Environmental groups and neighbours condemn plan to release more than 1m tonnes of contaminated water in two years' time

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“Cause and Effects of Climate Change” by Christina Nunez, is informational writing because the author describes the key points about the topic discussed.

This article tells about climate change, the definition of the greenhouse effect which causes climate change, and the attention on the changes in Earth’s temperature. The author is seeking attention from the readers to be aware that climate change is mainly caused by human activity. The scientist had carried out research and taking into consideration the natural phenomena that can also cause changes in average temperature. But the result worries them because the natural phenomena only cause two percent to the climate change and the rest of the greenhouse gases are caused by human activity. The changes in Earth’s temperature had been a serious concern because this will cause glaciers in the ice lands to melt.

This is a good article where the writer’s stand is firm and there is no bias on which sides. The researches and examples given by the writer are fact-based and can help in convincing the readers strongly. Climate change typically affects every corner of our planet, from the poles to the tropics, from mountains to the oceans. Climate change has given a future preview to humans by the phenomena where the water level in the sea increases 2.3 feet as the glaciers melt, extreme weather has taken place more frequently, even coral reefs are dying. Every human on Earth has the responsibility of taking care of the Earth’s health. We need to take initiatives faster, in which the efforts that we take must be efficient enough.

This article is very informative as it provides important definitions of the terms by using the QnA style. The author uses a serious tone in urging the readers to look out for the changing of average Earth temperature by informing them about the factors causing climate change. Hence, the author is giving a clear intention in showing the effects of climate change if humans do not take this issue seriously.

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Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are dying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. It has become clear that humans have caused most of the past century's warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than at any time in the last 800,000 years.

We often call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. While many people think of global warming and climate change as synonyms, scientists use "climate change" when describing the complex shifts now affecting our planet's weather and climate systems-in part because some areas actually get cooler in the short term.

Climate change encompasses not only rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of other impacts. All of those changes are emerging as humans continue to add heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, changing the rhythms of climate that all living things have come to rely on.

What will we do-what can we do-to slow this human-caused warming? How will we cope with the changes we've already set into motion? While we struggle to figure it all out, the fate of the Earth as we know it-coasts, forests, farms, and snow-capped mountains-hangs in the balance.

Understanding the greenhouse effect

The "greenhouse effect" is the warming that happens when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse, hence the name.

Sunlight shines onto the Earth's surface, where the energy is absorbed and then radiate back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, greenhouse gas molecules trap some of the heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases concentrate in the atmosphere, the more heat gets locked up in the molecules.

Scientists have known about the greenhouse effect since 1824, when Joseph Fourier calculated that the Earth would be much colder if it had no atmosphere. This natural greenhouse effect is what keeps the Earth's climate livable. Without it, the Earth's surface would be an average of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) cooler.

In 1895, the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius discovered that humans could enhance the greenhouse effect by making carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. He kicked off 100 years of climate research that has given us a sophisticated understanding of global warming.

Levels of greenhouse gases have gone up and down over the Earth's history, but they had been fairly constant for the past few thousand years. Global average temperatures had also stayed fairly constant over that time- until the past 150 years. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other activities that have emitted large amounts of greenhouse gases, particularly over the past few decades, humans are now enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming Earth significantly, and in ways that promise many effects, scientists warn.

Aren't temperature changes natural?

Human activity isn't the only factor that affects Earth's climate. Volcanic eruptions and variations in solar radiation from sunspots, solar wind, and the Earth's position relative to the sun also play a role. So do large-scale weather patterns such as El Niño.

But climate models that scientists use to monitor Earth's temperatures take those factors into account. Changes in solar radiation levels as well as minute particles suspended in the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions, for example, have contributed only about two percent to the recent warming effect. The balance comes from greenhouse gases and other human-caused factors, such as land use change.

The short timescale of this recent warming is singular as well. Volcanic eruptions, for example, emit particles that temporarily cool the Earth's surface. But their effect lasts just a few years. Events like El Niño also work on fairly short and predictable cycles. On the other hand, the types of global temperature fluctuations that have contributed to ice ages occur on a cycle of hundreds of thousands of years.

For thousands of years now, emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere have been balanced out by greenhouse gases that are naturally absorbed. As a result, greenhouse gas concentrations and temperatures have been fairly stable, which has allowed human civilization to flourish within a consistent climate.

Now, humans have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by more than a third since the Industrial Revolution. Changes that have historically taken thousands of years are now happening over the course of decades.

Why does this matter?

The rapid rise in greenhouse gases is a problem because it's changing the climate faster than some living things can adapt to. Also, a new and more unpredictable climate poses unique challenges to all life.

Historically, Earth's climate has regularly shifted between temperatures like those we see today and temperatures cold enough to cover much of North America and Europe with ice. The difference between average global temperatures today and during those ice ages is only about 9 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius), and the swings have tended to happen slowly, over hundreds of thousands of years.

But with concentrations of greenhouse gases rising, Earth's remaining ice sheets such as Greenland and Antarctica are starting to melt too. That extra water could raise sea levels significantly, and quickly. By 2050, sea levels are predicted to rise between one and 2.3 feet as glaciers melt.

As the mercury rises, the climate can change in unexpected ways. In addition to sea levels rising, weather can become more extreme. This means more intense major storms, more rain followed by longer and drier droughts-a challenge for growing crops-changes in the ranges in which plants and animals can live, and loss of water supplies that have historically come from glaciers.

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Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are drying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace.

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Violence and Bullying Affect One in Three Students

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Violence and Bullying Affect One in Three Students

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“Violence and Bullying Affect One in Three Students” by UNESCO, is an informative essay that was aligned clearly by the writer on the concern about violence and bullying.

This article tells about the aftermath and the frequency of bullying and violence that happens in schools. The theme of this article focuses on the probability of violence and bully that take place in the school compound and their effects that will give a negative impact on the victims. The research makes an important point on the significant need in raising global awareness towards this issue. The author also explains the types of bully that are domain in the boys and girls. The author concludes that countries had made great progress in addressing the problem. The countries have also made many approaches to fulfill the needs in supporting the affected students.

This is a good article where it shows a clear objective that displays the effect of violence and bullying on the students. The author also brings out the worldwide examples that give the reader confidence in understanding the statistics stated. Bullying and abuse happen everywhere at any time throughout the world, whether in the poor country or the rich country. This action would only bring about harm to the party involved, either the victim, people who do the bully, and the bypasses. Teachers are the important person that observes bully and violence activities in the school. Their participation in eliminating this harsh activity is vital.

Overall, the author uses a serious tone in expressing this article to inform and explain the topic stated. This article has a neutral attitude because the author compares both boys and girls, including the state of the economy of the country. Hence, the article is giving a clear intention in informing readers about the status of violence and bullying that is happening worldwide.

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The warning from UNESCO, the UN organization for education, science and culture, based on 2019 data, coincides with the first International Day against Violence and Bullying at School - Including Cyberbullying, on 5 November.

"Recent attacks on schools in Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Pakistan, and the assassination of teacher Samuel Paty in France, sadly underscore the critical issue of protecting our schools from all forms of violence," said UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay, in a statement.

'Neglected, minimised or ignored'

Tackling bullying is also key to the protection of students, Ms. Azoulay continued, describing it as a "blight" that was "neglected, minimized or ignored", even though it inflicted "physical and emotional suffering on millions of children around the world".

Given the scale of school violence and bullying highlighted in a 2019 report by UNESCO covering 144 countries, Ms. Azoulay insisted on the need to raise global awareness and put a stop to both problems.

"As students, parents, members of the educational community and ordinary citizens, we have all a part to play in stopping violence and bullying in schools", she maintained.

Outside chance

The consequences of bullying can have devastating consequences on academic achievement, school dropout, and physical and mental health, the UN education agency said in a statement.

It defined bullying as aggressive behaviour that involves unwanted, negative actions repeated over time and an imbalance of power or strength between the perpetrators and the victims.

"Children who are frequently bullied are nearly three times more likely to feel like an outsider at school and more than twice as likely to miss school as those who are not frequently bullied," UNESCO said. "They have worse educational outcomes than their peers and are also more likely to leave formal education after finishing secondary school."

Cyberbullying on the rise

Highlighting that cyberbullying is on the rise, the UN organization attributed this to the COVID-19 pandemic, as more students than ever were "living, learning and socializing online". This had led to an "unprecedented increase in screen time and the merging of online and offline worlds", heightening youngsters' vulnerability to bullying and cyberbullying.

While bullying is most often carried out by children's peers, in some cases teachers and other school staff are believed to be responsible. Corporal punishment is still permitted in schools in 67 countries, UNESCO noted.

Physical bullying is the most frequent type of bullying in many regions - with the exception of North America and Europe, where psychological bullying is most common.

Sexual bullying - including hostile sexual jokes, comments or gestures - is the second most common form of harassment at school in many regions.

Although school violence and bullying affect male and female students, physical bullying is more common among boys.

A person's physical appearance is the most common cause of bullying, students reported, followed by their race, nationality or skin colour.

Psychological abuse is more common among girls, UNESCO continued, after identifying "isolating, rejecting, ignoring, insults, spreading rumours, making up lies, name-calling, ridicule, humiliation and threats" as typical treatment.

Not a rite of passage

Dismissing the widely held belief that bullying is a rite of passage for youngsters and that little can be done to eradicate it, UNESCO insisted that dozens of countries had made great progress in addressing the problem.

A political desire for change was key, it noted, along with promoting a caring school environment, training for teachers and mechanisms to report bullying and support for affected students.

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Violence and bullying affect one in three students, education experts warn

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Children face violence and bullying at school all over the world, with one in every three students subject to attacks at least once a month and one in 10, a victim of cyberbullying, the UN said on Thursday. |

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UPSR Exams to be Abolished; PT3 is Cancelled This Year

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UPSR Exams to be Abolished; PT3 is Cancelled This Year

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The news from the education minister on “UPSR Exams to be Abolished; PT3 is Cancelled This Year” by Rebecca Rajaendram shows a clear statement about the decision from the Ministry of Education.

The article tells about the concerns from the Education Ministry on the student’s progress and face-to-face learning time frame. The main subject in the news report is telling that they are taking into consideration the shortened time frame for the students to study face-to-face. The author further adds that the exams will be replaced with a different way of assessment.

The author uses a simple and straightforward style of writing to address the result of discussion from the main character (Ministry of Education).  The abolished exams have done the good and bad to the students. The exams are abolished in a good sense of reducing the stress of the students due to the new learning environment that is hard to be adapted in their age now. On the other hand, this action has caused a bad effect in which the students will be having trouble identifying their education level. Although the assessment has replaced the examination, their test ranges still far from enough.

This article is being short and easy to understand as the writer uses simple and straightforward choices of words to write the article. The author also uses a neutral tone in expressing the decisions from the main character without any research and opinions stated.

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Education Minister: UPSR exams to be abolished; PT3 is cancelled this year

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KUALA LUMPUR: The Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) will be abolished from this year onwards. Education Minister Datuk Dr Mohd Radzi Md Jidin (pic ) said Year Six pupils will be evaluated using school-based assessment, a system which has been in effect since 2011.

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The Tragic Ways in which Poverty Affects the Poor

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The Tragic Ways in which Poverty Affects the Poor

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“The Tragic Ways in which Poverty Affects the Poor” by Mark Reijman is an informational article that talks about poverty. Mark provides sufficient definitions and references that describe the effects of poverty on the poor.

This article tells about the ability of poverty that will give an impact on the mental capacity and brings about the changes in the speed of aging and health problems like obesity. Individuals that undergo poverty life are the ones that are inaccessible to basic needs like food, clean drinking water, proper sanitation, education, health care, and other services. Besides, they can barely get themselves nutritious food and also enough sleep and rest. This is due to the poor living quality where they are not affordable for the expensive nutritious food and the noisy housing environment. As a result, the stress, energy, and focus for them to break away from the poor life force them to put full force pushing themselves to the limit to escape from the poor situation making them weak and sick.

The author uses a well-structured cause and effect style of writing to inform the readers about the effects of poverty. This article is clear in reaching readers’ attention by the definitions given and matters to be highlighted. Poverty defines a condition where people do not have a proper living condition, living in hunger, lack of shelter, not being able to see a doctor, no access to education, fearing of future, not having a job, losing a child to illness due to unclean water. These are some of the physical conditions we might know about poverty. But there is still some worse side of poverty, making a person living powerlessly where they have restricted right and less freedom to choose about for their life. They are mentally abused because of the culture that devalues people. Poverty can mean differently to different people, but the condition they are living in is very lacking.

The message of poverty that can affect the poor tragically has been successfully delivered to the readers with a neutral stand and a serious approach to note the readers on not ignoring the seriousness of poverty. The writer uses definitions to give readers a clear sight of the topic to be discussed. Hence, the writer writes the article in an organized way.

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THE tragedy behind the effects of poverty is that it impacts the mental capacity of the poor, causes them to age faster and get fatter due to the poor diet and nutrition.

This is according findings of academic research into the impact of poverty.

This runs counter to the common intuition that sees poverty as an outcome of other conditions. There are now major academic studies which show the detrimental effect that poverty has on many other aspects of the poor person's life.

In the 19th century, a person who was overweight with "love handles" was an indication of wealth.

The Belgium painter Rubens was well known for featuring voluptuous women in is paintings - the beauty ideal back then.

Poor people used to be thin because the work they did required as much energy as the staple they were eating.

Post-World War II, due to more research into diet and nutrition, this has reversed. Usually, the rich people are mostly slimmer and the idea of beauty has also reversed.

Even in most African countries, obesity is now a bigger problem than hunger.

Do note: the underlying theme of malnutrition persists. The reason: the emergence of cheap, fast, calorie-rich (but vitamin poor) food through industrial food production and global supply chains (as well as an unhealthy dose of subsidies).

Nutritious food is still expensive and that's why it is no wonder that obesity rates are lower for the middle and upper class.

When you are poor, as research has shown, the quality of sleep is directly tied to your social-economic status.

One reason it that those who live in poverty are under constant stress and live in lower quality housing with less quiet time.

How does poverty make you age faster and get sicker? A short biology lesson: you have caps on your chromosomes called "telomeres", which protect against ageing.

The longer the telomeres, the longer your cells can regenerate and the longer you'll live.

The bad news is that stress and a poor diet have a severe effect on the telomeres and causes accelerated ageing. You will have a higher chance of being diagnosed with ageing diseases, such as Alzheimer's.

If ageing faster isn't enough, poverty is also likely to reduce your lifespan.

This is especially true for poor people who were able to lift themselves out of poverty!

Why? According to researcher Geoffrey Miller, of Northwestern University in Illinois, lifting yourself out of poverty takes an enormous amount of stress, energy and focus and is a major assault on your body as you push your fatigued body to its limits in order to escape your situation.

After burning the candle on both ends, your body catches up to you and your life expectancy is reduced.

Research from Cornell University shows that being poor does have an impact on your intellectual capacity due to the stress and poor nutrition.

Chronic stress from growing up in poverty impacts children's brains and impairs their working memory while diminishing their ability to talk, read and solve problems.

The silver lining is that if we want people to live longer, healthier, happier lives, we have to attack poverty.

The rest will follow.

Mark Reijman is co-founder and managing director of www.CompareHero.my, dedicated to increasing financial literacy and to help you save time and money by comparing all credit cards, personal loans and broadband plans in Malaysia.

* Editor's note: While economic growth remains vital for reducing poverty, growth has its limits, according to a World Bank paper released in April 2014. Countries need to complement efforts to enhance growth with policies that allocate more resources to the extreme poor.

These resources can be distributed through the growth process itself, by promoting more inclusive growth, or through government programmes, such as conditional and direct cash transfers.

In addition, the paper notes, it is imperative not just to lift people out of extreme poverty; it is also important to make sure that, in the long run, they do not get stuck just above the extreme poverty line due to a lack of opportunities that might impede progress toward better livelihoods.

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Tragic ways in which poverty affects the poor

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THE tragedy behind the effects of poverty is that it impacts the mental capacity of the poor, causes them to age faster and get fatter due to the poor diet and nutrition. This is according findings of academic research into the impact of poverty.

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The ‘Singles Economy’ by Liu Yukun from chinadaily.com.cn, is informational writing because the author makes a clear view on the growth of expenditure pattern in the unmarried.

This article tells about the new market beau in China. The new trend of consumption in China is dominated by single people who are not engaging in a relationship. According to the financial analysis stated by the author, the spending pattern among the singles shows a significant opportunity for the brands and retailers to break into a new market. The singles’ lifestyle has responded to the unique demand for higher qualities’ products that had been relatively improving their living standards. The research makes an important prompt to the businesses to grab the opportunity to create a market strategy that can fulfill the singles’ desires. This is due to their consumption power and consumption behavior from them that may support China’s economic recovery.

This is a good article where it shows a clear objective that displays the individual’s composition of expenditure with the help of data analysis. The author also provides clear progress on the future financial pattern from the singles. The consumption power of the singles is the bloom to the economy because the single consumers do not need to bear responsibilities in supporting their own family, likewise children and parents. Their spending is more likely to please themselves and pursuing materialistic life. The singles economy has successfully triggered more businesses in preparing small scale single person spending packages that suit the singles, such as singles’ vacation trip, singles’ foods, and beverages packages. This has helped the economy to flock back to the track. These individuals are happy to spend their hard earn money themselves for their indulgence without having to hesitate the price or the cost paid. Hence, the article has met their intention in showing the characteristics of the new leading consumer and their importance in helping to trigger the current economy in recovering the post-COVID-19 economy.

This article is very informative as it provides important phenomena in showing the trending consumer pattern in China with the help of actual statistics. This article has a neutral attitude because the author compares both singles and non-singles. Hence, the article is giving a clear intention in showing the characteristics of the singles’ economy and their importance that is boosting the country’s income.

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By Liu Yukun | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2020-05-21 14:54

A resident takes a selfie in front of a mural on an old building in Chongqing on April 14. [Photo by Chen Chao/China News Service]

The rising number of single people in China will spur new consumption and may become a major consumption power in the future, a recent report by Nielsen said.

The report came as concerted efforts were made to drive up domestic demand and boost consumption to support the post-COVID-19 economic recovery.

Nielsen released on Tuesday its Report on the Rising of China's Single Economy, which said as the number of single people continues to grow, their consumption power cannot be underestimated and will spur new consumption.

The report conducted an analysis of portraits and consumption behaviors of singles, with a goal to help brands and retailers better understand the Chinese consumption market and achieve precise marketing.

Justin Sargent, president of Nielsen China, said: "The 'single economy' is the awakening of single people's consumption awareness, which reflects their pursuit of a higher-quality life."

"As the single group continues to grow, the single economy will generate new opportunities for brands and retailers. To win the group, which has extremely strong purchasing power and great consumption potential, it is of vital importance to stay close to the lifestyle of singles, respond to their unique consumption needs and listen to their voices," Sargent said.

The Nielsen report found single people in China are more willing to purchase high-quality products.

In the next 12 months, 75 percent of the singles have plans to buy clothes, higher than the 65-percent of non-singles. About 35 percent of surveyed singles said they will buy quality clothes at a relatively high price, while only 25 percent of non-singles will make such a choice, according to the report.

In the upcoming year, about 41 percent of singles plan to purchase consumer electronics, higher than the 28 percent of non-singles. Half of singles are willing to buy products of high quality though the price is relatively high, while about 43 percent of non-single consumers made same choice.

The Nielsen report also shows single people are willing to pay to make their lives more convenient. About 52 percent of singles consume out of convenience and timesaving, higher than the 39-percent of non-singles.

Single people also have strong needs for company, which leads them to pay more for socializing and pets.

The report said 28 percent of singles spend their savings eating out, compared to 20 percent of non-singles. Twenty-six percent of singles are willing to pay for outdoor activities, higher than the 23 percent of non-singles.

Data from Nielsen also showed 57 percent of pet owners are not married yet.

Single people are big promoters of the "night economy". Eleven percent of singles usually engage in cultural and recreational activities from 11 in the evening to late night, compared with only 6 percent of non-singles.

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'Singles economy' to drive consumption, report says

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By Liu Yukun | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2020-05-21 14:54 The rising number of single people in China will spur new consumption and may become a major consumption power in the future, a recent report by Nielsen said. The report came as concerted efforts were made to drive up domestic demand and boost consumption to support the post-COVID-19 economic recovery.

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“Child Marriage” by UNICEF is a serious and critical article because the author makes a theme before start writing, “Child marriage threatens the lives, well-being, and futures of girls around the world”.

The article tells about the definition of child marriage and its development from the past to the future and the impacts of child marriage on a girl. Child marriage involves a child under the age of 18. This action is a human rights violation, due to gender inequality, forcing girls to be disproportionately affected by the practice. The child brides will suffer from the risk of complications during pregnancy which may threaten their life and taking away their rights to receive education from school. The theme of research focuses on the girls underage and the aftermath of child marriage.

The article started off with a catching theme that attracts the readers’ attention which gives them a clear view about this article. The article also does a comparison between both boys and girls. Child marriage begins with the parents where they sacrifice their daughter as a way to resolve their problems, like reducing economic burden or as a source of income. Girls are more likely to be the victim of child marriage and this will cause the social qualities a downfall due to the lack of education that was passed down to their child. The girls are being denied for their rights to make decisions towards their sexual health and well-being. Child marriage is a global issue where it happens in every corner of the country. This issue had also been in focus because the group of NGOs is gaining consciousness to remind the readers about the seriousness of revolting child marriage. Not to deny that boys suffer from child marriage too, but child marriage gives more impact on girls.

This article is important because it provides a clear view about the effects of child marriage with a serious tone in informing the readers about the importance of ending child marriage. This article uses the respondents’ feedback as proof to show the importance of review. With this, the readers will reluctantly pay attention to the child marriage being mentioned.

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Child marriage refers to any formal marriage or informal union between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child.

Despite a steady decline in this harmful practice over the past decade, child marriage remains widespread, with approximately one in five girls married in childhood across the globe. Today, multiple crises - including conflict, climate shocks and the ongoing fallout from COVID-19 - are threatening to reverse progress towards eliminating this human rights violation. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals call for global action to end child marriage by 2030.

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Child marriage threatens the lives, well-being and futures of girls around the world