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P- The farmers were very much vulnerable to bad crop, disease, and crime that came along with the growing population. Farmers spend a larger amount of time in the fields working than those who just hunted and gathered from nature. The manual labor of harvest and planting seeds and digging was all done manually in the early stages. It was only until later, irrigation systems were introduced which heavily impacted the environment. Before irrigation systems were implemented, people depended on either rain or wells and watering manually. Hunters and gathers just had to collect what nature had for them and could build traps to catch animals. With the growing population during the Neolithic age made the people very vulnerable to disease due to the grouping of people which never happened in hunter gathering societies where people kept to themselves only in small bands. Crime comes along with population because farming was hard, and those who did not want to work could easily resort to thievery and murder.

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N- With the food surplus that was available at hand, communities were able to be established as said in the John Green video. Schools, churches, and market places get finally take root and all of these were vital parts to a functional community.

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N-Not spreading out and growing in size is detrimental to the society, when agriculture was introduced the women became less domestic and took on more roles inside the house, this allowed them to care for more than one child at a time, while during the Paleolithic era women could only care for one child until it was able to fen and hunt for himself for himself. Having a more domesticated lifestyle with farming allowed camps to change to villages and hundreds of people change to thousands.

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Just no . . .

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The time didn't they spent hunting left no time for job specialization. This means they weren't able to use their talents. Everyone had the same job.

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Those who that were poor and farmed for their own survival were not as well off as those who spent their whole lives hunting and gathering because they distributed their work evenly and farmers did not involve the women and children in the work in the fields.

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Although they might have avoided the blight, nature would still have its negative effects against them. Living in spaced out communities could not save them from disease or famine. As Howells said, because they were constantly looking for their next meal, they could not specialize in any of their talents. This could prevent them from finding cures to any diseases. This means a disease could whip out an entire village. Also, if there was a drought, any of their near by food sources would suffer. This would force the group to migrate again putting stress on the individuals overall health.(done)

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In the John Green video we watched, as well as in the Jared Diamond article, it's made clear that hunter-gatherer societies had much more free time than farmers. You sources are being incorrectly cited and your argument is flawed. Farmers have more intensive work than hunter-gatherers and they must also collect for many more people. The farmers spend much more time doing their jobs than hunter-gatherers do, therefore,mounted-gathered have more free time.

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That is true that it cause the hunters to move but In the hunting and gathering community both gender were equal. In the diamond text it says " farming may have encouraged inequality between the sexes, as well." Because the farmers would need more hands so they had to transport there kids and be pregnant most of the time compared to the hunting and gathering community.

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Savages-a member of a people regarded as primitive and uncivilized. Do hunters and gatherers live in civilization? No.  Primitive- a person belonging to a preliterate, nonindustrial society or culture. Are hunter and gatherers literate? No. Therefore, hunter and gatherers are in fact savages.  And I wouldn't say you "value all your people equally" when babies aren't given a chance to be treated equally before you kill them off. And you didn't treat adults equally either, if they got sick, they died, if they got old, they died. We have a respect for all ages of our community. While our people may starve from famine, they gave life their best shot through agricultural, your people are picked out to starve when they're weak and have given their band their whole life.

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N-It's not like people didn't get sick before agriculture, infact  it was worse to be a Paleolithic caveman rather
than a Neolithic  because if you were a sick hunter gatherer they would leave you to die in the wilderness, Howell states "and most of them ruthlessly abandon the sick or helplessly old to freeze or starve."

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Although that is true , we practiced having more of a successful life. So what we didn't move and spread out.

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Farming may have created disease, but people didn't die at any less of a rate than hunter-gatherers. As I have previously stated, hunter-gatherers died because they were starved or freezing. This was because they didn't have a house or any type of town. Farming allowed people to stay situated in one place and build towns and cities. William Howell states, "Small nomadic bonds can hardly become civilized if they cannot even set up substantial households. They must find some escape from nomadism first, and from isolation and the limits of small numbers." Hunter-gatherer societies were small and could not build towns. They could not reproduce and provide good lives for their children. They were very isolated. (Done)

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However, hunter-gatherers would've avoided the blight to begin with. They would always find ways to gather the necessary food supply needed. Also, thanks to migration societies weren't as crowded which helped people to avoid infectious diseases and the spread of parasites. (DONE)

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The Farmers had control over what crops are grown. A civilization with a food supply can provide for all of the people. But, ghhhuunter-gatherers couldn't feed everyone, so the suck, elderly and infants are left behind to die. William Howells says speaking about the hunter-gatherers "what do the people I'm the camp do? They pick up and move on, to a place where the game is untouched.So this band must have enough territory to keep rebuilding the supply, it must persevere the supply against poachers, and it must move, move, move." The farmers can stay in one place, and have a safer and higher quality home, which can help the, fight the diseases, and they won't have to be left to die.

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How can this be such a bad thing? Agriculture did not bring a change in social inequality. In Jared Diamond's article, he mentions that "the men were carrying light loads, while one small woman weighing less than the bag of the rice was bent under it, supporting its weight by a cord across her temples." Social inequality started in hunther-gatherer times. Where exactly is the evidence for the skeleton situation? In Diamond's article he also says "Usually the only human remains available for study are skeletons, but they permit a surprising number of deductions." Why did they permit deductions for that?

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The more we spread out and the more land we cover, the more food we get because of increased farming spaces. Along with increased space to farm, we also have space to begin towns and build things like schools, temples and market places. People can as start to develop craft and sell their goods to individuals who are already building wealth from their crafts.

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In the diamond text it says " because of dependence on a limited number of crops, farmers ran a risk of starvation if one crop failed." In a hunter and gathering society they had a chances of surviving because they had different type of food that they can survive on. Also farming had created diseases and parasites to travel because " agriculture encouraged people to clump together in crowded societies." Also because they would trade there crops with one another cause the disease to move more faster.

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They may have had a hard time keeping up with animals, but the food captured from the process was so much more rewarding, varied, and healthy. It is precisely why hunter-gatherers were physically superior compared to their agriculture counterparts. Jared Diamond states that "farmers had a nearly 50 percent increase in enamel defects indicative of malnutrition, a fourfold increase in iron-deficiency anemia...and an increase in degenerative conditions of the spine, probably reflecting a lot of hard physical labor." Agriculture seemed much more difficult to do than hunting, and with less rewarding results.

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Yea it is a bad thing that roles have changed because every person should have a equal role in the community. Also paleopathologist have studied skeleton from the Paleolithic era and they had healthier bones then the skeletons from the Neolithics......................

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P- Even if we may look brutish and harsh to you (which is kinda mean, man. Like we're not all savages, that's just a stereotype--the typical "they're not us so let's call them savages.") at least we're all valued equally. Your peasants do all the hard work and live even more brutish lives than ours. Referring back to the wonderful Jared Diamond, compared to hunters and gatherers, "farmers had a nearly 50 percent increase in enamel defects indicative of malnutrition . . . a threefold rise in bond lesions reflecting infectious disease in general." Your elites are then left to enjoy the fruits of their labor.  Besides, we're not the only ones who depend on religion to make sense of the world.  And even us, with our religions, didn't begin slavery.  Agriculture did.

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The potato famine was cause by a blight that was able to spread because of the outdated and inefficient farming techniques and materials the Irish farmers used. With proper farming techniques, the blight could have been avoided. In an agricultural society there are separation of classes. Somegroups  are left with less than others. But, a civilization with a surplus of food can provide for their whole village. But, in a paleolithic society where food is harder to obtain, infants, the elderly, and the sick are often left behind to die when the group must migrate. (Done)

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With the addition of agriculture, came the rise of populated areas. The food surpluses gave way to sustaining a larger population, but this made the people very vulnerable to sickness and disease. "Epidemics couldn't take hold when populations were scattered in small bands that constantly shifted camp. Tuberculosis and diarrhea had to await the rise of farming, measles and bubonic plague the appearance of large cities. If it wasn't for agriculture, people would not have populated together to spread disease.

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so you are saying hunter-gathering is bad because people had to migrate? Without migration, people would not live all around the globe today, so obviously migration can be a positive thing. It can also be good that the environment affects the lives of people instead of people affecting the environment. Hunter-gathering did not harm the environment like agriculture. If hunter-gathering was still in existence, our society would not be in such a horrible environmental situation. Not only is the environment negativity affected by agriculture, but it causes people to spend humongous amounts of money to try and fix the consequences of agriculture.  (I'm done)

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We can protect ourselves because we have the tools to do so. As Jared diamond said we have alot  of advantages. We have the most heathiest lives in history. It's worse for you because you all have to keep spreading out finding land and continue to support yourself.

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N- No I am not saying that agriculture is a large spread of disease I'm just saying it is the risks we "needed" to take as humans in an effort for a larger food supply. With agriculture many risk had to be taken (whether that was a chance of disease)in a ruslt for more time to do other things beneficial to our society, Woth a surplus of food we can now have people support the community that don't have to be directly link to the food supply, this leads to crafting different objects and being able to trade. As William Howells says humans were aslways hunting or getting ready to hunt, so this keeps them from having any specialization of thier energies. How can you move forward in a society if all you are doing is constantly hunting for your food?

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So you agree that agriculture is a large cause for the spread of disease? This risk did not have to be taken whatsoever. In a hunter-gatherer society, as Jared Diamond clarifies, health was not at all subpar and many benefits were gained from such a diet. Had there been a bad crop, one or two people would have been affected, as everyone most likely wouldn't gather in the exact same location. This cannot be said for agriculture, as one batch of crops can lead to tens of thousands of separate consumptions; if the batch was faulty, that's tens of thousands of possible disease cases. Had we not shifted to agriculture, everyone would take care of their needs and their health would remain perfectly steady. Agriculture was an unnecessary risk.

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However, in William Howells reading it says, "there will simply not be enough food within their radius of action around the camp, or the band itself will not be able to move fast enough to tap the resources it needs." Farmers have food supplies, whereas it is possible for Hunter-Gatherers to run out of food. Farmers also have control of their food, because they care for it. Hunter-Gatherers have no control over the quality of the food, they just have to search and try and find the amount of food they need to survive, which makes farmers approach more efficient. Nutrients or not, farmers will get to eat, and have a better chance to survive.

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N-Well it's not like we could've avoided agriculture because at some point those savages would've realized "us we no food" and would've decided that the only way to have dependable source of food is to plant, therefore social classes were unavoidable

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In diamonds reading it says " while farmers concentrate on high-carbohydrates crops like rice and potatoes, the mix of wild plants and animals in the diets of surviving hunter- gathers provide more proteins and better balance of other nutrients." This show that hunting and gathering is likely to give you a lot of nutrients.

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According to Jared Diamond, "Women in agricultural societies were sometimes made beasts of burden." He mentions that in New Guinea farming communities today he often sees "women staggering under loads of vegetables and firewood while the men walk empty-handed." Is it such a bad thing that the roles have been switched?

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Our dentists not only help keep our teeth healthy but we look good while being healthy, you people just look brutish and harsh all the time. We may have famines but at least we aren't directly the reason for our peoples deaths. You kill off people before even trying to supply food for them. And while we do run the risk of famine, lie at least face the facts. Hunter and Gatherers try to trust religion to feed them and make things more plentiful. You should be taking charge not letting nature decide who gets to survive.

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If one crop fails like you said, farmers still were not at risk of famine. They had other food that they had in storage from previous harvests. Even if there might have been a small shortage of food in this situation at least farmers always had some food. Hunter-gatherers would die from starvation. William Howells states, "there was simply not enough food within their radius of action around the camp, or the band itself will not be able to move fast enough and far enough to tap the resources it needs." They had a hard time keeping up with the animals around them. Once they killed the animals in their area they had to travel far distances to find other animals to hunt. By this time they would be starved.

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Please explain the potatoe famine of the 1840's when people were starving, how is that efficient? Also agriculture has created different social classes—one being rich and the other being the "not so rich." The rich had a healthier dietthan  the poor causing the poor to be more vulnerable to  diseases.(DONE)

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While everyone is out doing something, there is no one to help if someone  is in need of help. Larger groups can also protect themselves much better than small Hunter-Gather groups.

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Agriculture brought social and sexual inequality. We still face this problem now.

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P- Besides trading "quality for quantity," farmers also "ran the risk of starvation if one crop failed." And yes, hunters and gatherers spent their time looking for their future meals, but at least it was healthy and nutricious.  And referring to the elderly thing, well who needs them.  If they can't support themselves, well they'll just have to be left behind.  And feel free to leave your dentists at home.  We'll keep our manly hunters that support our families in our egalitarian society.

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N- Is that so? Hunting and gathering was not the perfect life for individuals living in he Paleothic Age. Hunters had to live off the land, so nature was in control, if food ran out in a certain, people were forced to relocate. This caused people to be sparsely located around the land to ensure that no groups interacting and ate the food off that area. So when populations became too big, people had to either kill each off or turn to agriculture. Is this the way if life that is beneficial to humanity, agriculture enabled the populations to grow, where hunter-gatherers could only have populations that suits the environment. The argument is that agriculture enabled people to evolve and thus have people the opportunity for people to advance in life.

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You are changing your argument constantly, which just proves you're uninformed on your side. Science has proven that agriculture was a negative step in history. Not only science, but the way of life changed for everyone. Women were held to unfair standards due to agriculture. Minorties  were affected, too. With agriculture, came power, and only wealthy white men had power at this time in history. People of different genders and races were not treated equally. Our society is still affected by these drawbacks and predjiduces today. This just shows how agriculture was negative for society since our current society is still trying to recover from our past mistakes.

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N-Unfortunately that is the way are society has grown to hold people to a lesser standard, it was not intended for that to happen but in doubt it did. Though not only is there a more controllable food supply with agriculture you can have a surplus of food, farmers are not just going to make one potatoe and wait for it to grow, there going to make a bunch of patotoes which cause for people to be conjested together thus resulting in a higher chance of getting diseases. When switching to agriculture the farmers soon realized that more disease were going to pop up but they had to take this risk in turn for more food spread throughout the population

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Although farmers may have had less free time in relation to the hunter-gatherers, they were able to increase their skill in a specific field. With the ability to use a reliable food source, they could create a food surpluse. This surplus would give people the ability to take parts in other jobs other than supplying food.(done)

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We may have our women "popping out babies" more often but at least we have the option to keep our children instead of killing them off just because we can't provide for them. And with agriculture we're able to keep our elderly alive long enough to meet and have relationships with these children. And while our women are at home with the children we don't have to worry about some wild animal killing the father of our children while he's out hunting. Dentists don't get killed by apes.

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We had better advantages. So what we had to keep moving after every meal we still had a good source of food supply.

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N: That may be the case, but people would rather have plenty of food instead of running out or having to leave behind the elderly or even having to kill a mothers' infant just because they cannot support everyone. As William Howells says, "However, the size of the band soon reaches a point at which it presses too hard on the food supply."

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P- With that logic, it's said that females and minorities have to be held to a lesser standard in order for society to function properly?
And yes, there is a more controllable food supply, but health was much more manageable before agriculture. Through farming, there is a much higher risk of a rapid transmission of disease through a faulty crop or meat lot. It is also shown that through hunting and gathering, a more proper caloric and protein intake was obtained

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P- Sure, it created a better environment and it was a positive thing after they had used the land they would do a farming technique of slashing and burning. This caused damage to the earth and after a land is not fertile to grow on that would have to move to a new area. Also the  environmental factor like droughts and terracing had negative effects on the environment. Also to grow more crops they would have to cut down the forest.

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P- people worked harder then they need to to just grow crops. All of the people in the group had a job like the men went out to hunt and the woman and kids whent out to gather plants and herbs, fruits. A dissavantage of agriculture is that you would have to move to another part of land more often.

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P- did man evolve from agriculture? Or did agriculture evolve from man? You just stated that agriculture helped man to evolve, but the entire reason agriculture occurred in the first place was because the human brain was evolving already, allowing humans to solve More complex situations. So your statement is incorrect.

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Food was not necessarily all in surplus. Farmers ran the risk of of famine if just one crop failed. The food made was also poor and considered cheap calories. With the prevalence of crops, came the prevalence of disease and parasites as well.

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Moving around allowed for the whole population to be spread out. "Small nomadic bands can hardly become civilized if they cannot even set up substantial households." It allowed for better living conditions, and the rise of cities. The food supply allowed for more than just a small group of people being fed. The food supply then made it possible to have job specialization.

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While agriculture may have
"Helped" humanity, it has also brought upon alot  of damage and change to nature and to humans. Also, hunter-gatherers had more free time in comparison to agricultural societies. This was more time used for cultural means. (DONE)

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P- At least our kids are able to have a childhood. Your women are basically baby machines, popping out more hands to till the fields every two years.  As the genius Jared Diamond says, "the more frequent pregnancies than their hunter-gatherer counterparts" led to "consequent drains on their health."

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N- That is however a chicken-or-egg idea and thus cannot be effectively proven. Agriculture allowed for man to have an increased food supply which in turn gave people time to specialize jobs, which helped them innovate and evolve.

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P - The Social divide, however, has not been beneficial in our society. It put races and genders below or above each other, and made some groups and cultures less important. Yes, order is needed in society, but in a village there was cohesiveness and routine.

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P- it has been scientifally proven that agriculture had negative impacts on the human body. Agriculture has resulted in shorter heights and poor nutrition.

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P- Agriculture only caused inequality and promoted different social classes. This is bad since social classes consist of the rich and the poor. This also caused the wealthier to have a better diet, whereas the poor had a bad diet.

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N: Even though the farmers are breaking their back to pick out crops, it is enough food for our growing population today. Hunter-gatherers could not even provide enough for more than 50 people. Without farming we would not even have enough food to provide for the entire population. Hunter-gatherers killed off a mothers' infant and ruthlessly left behind the elderly because they could not feed everyone. Farming can feed the growing population easily while hunting and gathering cannot.

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N:  Agriculute had a positive effective on humanity. It provided many new oppertunities such as job specialization, a steady food supply and  allowed for more people to live better lives.

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N- The Neolithic Era was a good change for humanity. It created the new world in which we have today. Towns and cities were created through the Neolitic era. Also food was in surplus and could be stored. More people could be fed and families could grow. There wasn't a limit on the number of children anymore. Agriculture is the source of food we Still use today.

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N- As farmers you are able to stockpile food. When hunter-gathers are done with a single meal, they already have to go searching for the next meal. There is only so many wild animals and berry around any given location, so moving is inevitable.

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N-When agriculture was first introduced this created social divide and social classes creating order in the world, social order is needed for our world to operate and run more smoothly instead of everyone just being care free with no leader.

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P - Before agriculture, there was no social divide. Everyone was seen as a vital part of life and society.

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N- The Neolithic era had a positive effect on humanity. Agriculture brought many opportunities for people. With a more controllable food supply, they had more time to focus on things like job specialization. This helped cities to grow into what they are today. Without agriculture we would not have the modern technologies and capabilities we have now.

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P- agriculture is one of the worst things that could of happen. The old fashion was way better ,gathering food enough for their group of 25 to 50 people was much easier .Everyone's job was valued equally . But with agriculture, separation of class began to rise.

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With farming were were able to sell our surplus of food to create money for healthcare . We also were able to have a big enough surplus to enable trade such as dentists and doctors to help us manage our new diets. While we may have been getting excersize while hunting, now we can set specific plans for excersize and can devote more time making sure we are balancing our diets with our excersize. You can't focus on a good training plan while chasing a lion down. Done.

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(P)-  Hunters ahnd gathers is how we get our food and other resources. Without them how would we maintain a food supply. Plus farmers live a healthy and nutrious life. They get a good amount of exersice.

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P: A hunter-gatherer society had more advantages over a agricultural society, including a more egalitarian approach, and better health, among other things.

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P- I think that farming takes up a lot of time and that time could be used to do other thing that will help the environment. Hunting and gathering was successful and it was equal for both genders. I think that the egalitarian structure was great and as soon as the Neolithic era started it caused social rank to appear and the egalitarian structure had Slowly started to disappear.

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P- With the addition of agriculture came social and sexual inequality. Those who lived in a hunter-gatherer society, managed themselves in a egilaterian style where men and women equally distributed the work load. According to Jared Diamond's article, farming women tended to have more frequent pregnancies than their hunter-gatherer counterparts- with consequent drains on their health. Farming is a difficult and daunting task and people did not want to work so hard for their food which also lead to enslavery. Hunter-gatherers all worked independently for their own foodsupply  which eliminated the risk of social classes and slavery.

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N-Agriculture was a positive influence on humanity as a whole and was the only way for man to evolve in life, through cities and more food abundance.

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N-Though there is some draw backs with having social classes it creates an order and structure in society. Also with agriculture being introduce there is now more of a contolable food supply, during the Paleolithic era
it was easy to obtain food but only if the animals where near you. With agriculture you can start create your own food and do not have to rely solely on where the animals are located for food.

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P- Why waste your time doing backbreaking work for starchy, unnutricious crops? Hunters and gatherers have the best life ever. The combination of exercise with hunting fresh game and gathering nutricious fruit and nuts allows for a super healthy life.  Not to mention that farmers work way more hours and have way less healthy teeth and bones.  Farming has also led to so many environmental problems, from clearing forests to drilling oil just for fertilizer. Don't even get me started on the social issues that have come about--slavery (because who wants to do farm work when you can force others to?), gender and class inequality, and war over territory.