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Afghanistan officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in the heart of Asia. It is located geographically in South Asia, within a regional block between the Indian sub-continent, Central Asia and the Middle East

it extends over an area of ​​251,772 square miles in the south-central part of the Asian continent.

Religion

The vast majority of its inhabitants are followers of Islam. Muslims are basically divided into 2: Sunnis and Shiites. Approximately 80% of Afghans are Sunnis, while 19% are Shiites.

There are followers of other religions, such as Sikhs and Hindus, but these are a very small number.

Food

The most important are: wheat, corn, barley and rice. Spices such as saffron, coriander, cardamom, black pepper and mint are an integral part of the local cuisine. The best known foods are shorpa (soup) and Koftas (meatballs).

Lenguage

Afghanistan has 2 national languages: Dari and Pashto. Dari is the dialect of the Persian language, and is widely used in the northern and central regions of Afghanistan. Pashto is used most in the southern region of the nation.

Typical Clothes

Traditionally, Afghanistan clothing is characterized by beautiful designs in varied colors. However, the emergence of a certain sector of society has established strict rules on the dress code. Males usually wear the salwar-kameez, while females should wear the burka.

Weather

During the winter, the center-north of the country (and more rarely the south) is reached by disturbances of distant Mediterranean origin, which bring a little rain and even snow, most likely in the mountains, in the early spring, clashes Due to the warming of the continental masses of South Asia, precipitation increases even more, making March often the rainiest month. The rains then decrease, and generally from June to September it never rains. Only in the easternmost areas, east of Kabul, there is a certain increase in rainfall in July and August, due to the latest monsoon ramifications affecting India and Pakistan.

Differences between Chile and Afghanistan

A clear difference between Chile and Afghanistan is the Spanish language and they are the Persian, besides that they believe in other things and not so much in "God", some of them believe in "Allah"

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Introduction.
The Netherlands or Holland is a northwestern European country known for its flat landscape of canals, tulip fields, mills and bike lanes.

Geography.
The country is extremely flat. Although there are some hilly areas in the far southeast of the country, in those regions you can even see miles around. An open and continuous view of the sky is the characteristic of the Dutch territory.

Language.
The official language of Holland or the Netherlands is Dutch. However, in Spanish it is also known as Dutch, although officially this word refers to a dialect of Dutch.

Religion.
After the 16th century church reform, religion in the Netherlands was divided in such a way that the southeast region is Catholic and the northeast region is Protestant. In any case, today there are more Catholic than Protestant people.

Art.
Dutch culture is alive and varied, even the Dutch themselves delight in their cultural heritage. The expression of art flourishes in all corners of the country, but without a doubt, the most internationally known cultural part of Holland is its painters.

Weather.
Holland, with its long coastline on the shores of the North Sea, has a generally mild oceanic climate. Thanks to the influence of the sea, the weather is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. Also, there is enough ambient humidity for a shower to fall from time to time.

Differences with Chile.
The difference in terms of relief of the land surface of each country, is very noticeable since in Chile we can find a large number of mountains and hills, and in Holland there are very few of these.

Similarities with Chile.
One of the similarities that we can find with Chile is in the climate which is very similar in the two countries as it is very close to the sea

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Introduction.

Egypt is a country with an immense cultural mix, full of customs and traditions that imbue the country with culture and history. We can divide it into 2 epochs: ancient Egypt and new Egypt, in this case I will talk about ancient Egypt, such as its clothing, traditions, beliefs, food, among others.

Beliefs

They believed in life after death, therefore, they mummified their dead, whether human or animal, they thought that the soul of the deceased traveled to the afterlife. The pyramids of Egypt were the funerary monuments of the great pharaohs.

The Egyptians were polytheists, that is, they believed in Gods as the most important god of all, Osiris, Ra, Thot, Hurus, among others. occupied in domestic tasks, in funeral chambers some of these statues were Anubis, Sphinx, Kefren, Triada, among others.

Education

The most valued studies were geometry and astronomy, although painting and architecture were also highly regarded. The school system was based on two basic models

The first was called the House of Instruction and it started with 6 years. In it they learned elementary education and it was directed by priests. This teaching was the Six Gifts of Thoth (writing, astronomy, religion, music, language and hygiene). This education was directed to the popular sectors.

The other model had a higher level and was called The School of the Scribes. In addition to the Six Gifts of Thoth, three types of writing were learned: demotic or popular (the one taught in the "Houses of Instruction"), hieratic or religious, and hieroglyphic. The passage from the House of Instruction to the School of the Scribes was made through an examination.

These higher studies were technical and professional in nature. The masters were normally priests and tried to maintain their supremacy as a superior caste and keep the remaining castes submissive.

Art
One of the characteristics of Ancient Egypt is its unique art, with monumental works that generally had a symbolic, funerary or religious carácter.

Geography

Egypt is located in the extreme northeast of Africa. It is crossed from south to north by the Nile River, which empties into the Mediterranean Sea. The country was divided into two: Upper Egypt to the south and Lower Egypt.

Weather

Egypt's climate is dry. Egypt doesn't get much rain except in the winter months.

Music

Music in Egypt was used in various activities, but its main development was in the temples, where it was used during the rites dedicated to the different gods and was used as a therapeutic remedy.

Ceremonies and Festivities

We also find ceremonies and festivities such as: Anniversary of the Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, Moulid of Sayeda Zeinab, Christmas, Pharaonic Wedding, The Abu Haggag Moulid, Wafaa Al Nil, Moulid of El-Hussein, Abu Simbel Festival.

Some trades of Ancient Egypt:

• DOCTOR.

• PLAÑIDERA.

• SLAVE.

• ARCHITECT.

• PAINTER.

• PHARAOH.

• PRIEST.

• HAIRDRESSER.

Economy

It was based on agriculture and livestock. Life depended on the cultivation of land flooded by the Nile River. On the banks of the Nile, Egyptian peasants grew many kinds of grain. The harvested grain was kept in barns and then used to make bread and beer.

Feeding

It was completed with fish and meat (usually sheep, pig, domestic poultry and beef for large occasions). The meat and fish were generally roasted, or dried and preserved in salted ida.

Clothing
The clothing of the Egyptians consisted of few clothes by virtue of the warm and even climate they were of linen and cotton. The wealthy classes wore a fine translucent muslin that was woven from flax grown on the rich muddy plains of the Nile. The main male garment was called Shenti.

Language

They spoke Egyptian, which today is a dead language, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing was a system in which logograms, consonant signs (single, double, triple and even four or more consonants) and determinants (silent signs that indicated to which conceptual family a word belongs).

Difference and similarities of Chile and Egypt

Both countries have an enormous cultural wealth, Chile is such a long country, we have different climates and some of our climates resemble those of Egypt and we also have rivers, the differences are our languages, beliefs, clothing, writing, among others.

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Belarus is a small european country between Russia and Poland.
History: The Belarusian territories were acquired by the Russian Empire during the reign of Catherine II .Belarus declared itself sovereign on July 27, 1990 with the support of the Communist Party. The name of the country was changed to  the Republic of Belarus on August 25, 1991.

Climate:  Belarus has a temperate climate with moderate features which is characteristic for Central Europe, with hot summers, long, cold winters and very distinct seasons. Abundant snowfalls may occur throughout the country from December to sometimes early March.

Language: They speak Belarusian and Russian. It is additionally spoken in parts of Russia, Lithuania and Poland. Belarusian shares many grammatical and lexical features with Russian and  Ukrainian.

Ideas and beliefs: Catholicism is the predominant religion among Belarusians, although there are also Orthodox Christians, especially in the eastern parts of the country, Protestants, Jews and Muslims.

Arts: The government of the Republic of Belarus annually sponsors cultural festivals, such as the Slavianski Bazaar, which features Belarusian artists, writers, musicians, and actors.

Compared to Chile, differences between Belarus and our country are :
Belarus has a cold climate while we have a dynamic climate troughout the year . 90% of their meals are soups while we vary them . And their art remains being a Viking and medieval category while our art is contemporary.
And some similarities are:
In our independence day we both do weeklong celebrations and both of us suffered dictatorship periods.

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Portugal is a country in southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, which borders Spain. Its capital is Lisbon and the country has a population of approximately 10 million inhabitants, it is also one of the twenty-seven sovereign states that make up the European Union.

Weather

The climate is characterized by mild winters and summers, however, which vary by region. In the north there is a higher level of precipitation and lower temperatures, but in the interior where there are the widest temperature differences.

Language

The official language of Portugal is Portuguese, one of the first educated languages ​​of medieval Europe as well as Provençal, its writing being influenced by the latter.

Architecture

Portuguese architecture always followed the trends of the rest of Europe, despite doing so with some delay. It was only with the Manueline style that a considerable height was achieved, in the artistic avant-garde of the time. This style makes for a smooth transition between Gothic and Renaissance.

Music

The most well-known Portuguese musical genre worldwide is Fado, which dates back to the 19th century, specifically from the 1820s and originates from the Lisbon region.

It is characterized by melancholic tone. It addresses topics such as the hardness of daily life, complex situations and is related to elements such as the sea. He usually balances between resignation and hope. Some of the most widely used instruments in fado are twelve-string guitars, viola, and 8-string basses.

Religion

Portugal is a country where there is freedom of worship, however, it has a long Catholic tradition, in addition to the fact that a large part of the population usually attends mass on a regular basis. On the other hand, there is also a presence of Jews and Muslims to a lesser extent.

Differences and similarities of Chile with Portugal

* One of the things in which Chile differs from Portugal is its language and also its currency since in Chile the peso is used and in Portugal the euro.

* In Portugal the predominant religion is Catholicism just like here in Chile.

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Located in the extreme north of the North American subcontinent, it stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and north to the Arctic Ocean. It shares a border with the United States to the south, and to the northwest with its federal state Alaska. It is the second largest country in the world after Russia.

Geography:
Canada's geography is very vast and diverse. Occupying most of the northern portion of the North American continent (precisely 41%), Canada constitutes the third largest country in the world in total area, second only to Russia and the Atlantic. Canada comprises an immense territory between the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.

Language:
Among the languages ​​spoken in Canada, only English (which knows 90% of Canadians) and French (which knows 60% of the population) have official status. Canada's constitution itself recognizes two official languages, English and French, and all constitutional acts are in both languages. 11.6% (5.2 million) had another mother tongue.

Economy:
Canada's economy as a society, rich with a high-tech industry, and with an economy with a GDP of over one trillion dollars, Canada resembles the United States' economic market system and its pattern of production and construction. Since World War II, the impressive growth of manufacturing, mining, and the service sector has transformed the nation from a rural economy to a mainly industrial and urban one.

Religion:
Catholicism was the first foreign religion to come to Canada due in part to the French colonization that mainly dominated Quebec and parts of Ontario and the maritime provinces. The Canadian north practically never became so Catholic nor was there such a French presence, and at that time it was still dominated by the languages, customs and religions of the native population, although it did not take long for them to become extinct, at the beginning of the 18th century established the colonization of Great Britain, who managed to establish the Church of England and other Protestant missions. Although Canada was faithful to Catholicism, it expelled any Protestant missionary.

Comparison with Chile
Difference:
One of the differences is the languages, in Canada English and French are spoken but in Chile only Spanish is spoken. Another difference is the festivities, in Chile it is celebrated on September 18 and in Canada on July 1.

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It is a country located in West Africa.  It limits with Liberia and Guinea to the west;  Mali and Burkina Faso to the north;  Ghana to the east, and with the Gulf of Guinea to the south.  Ivory Coast is the 52nd most populous country and the 68th / 69th largest in the world, with an estimated population of just under 26 million inhabitants and an area of ​​322,463 km².

Geography:
Ivory Coast offers a varied range of landscapes, from the desert savannah to the north to the virgin jungle.  The southern limit is marked by extensive beaches.  This rainier area is characterized by large plantations of export products: coffee, cocoa and banana.  In the north, the landscape is made up of a granite plateau covered with savannas.  Smallholders grow sorghum, corn and peanuts in this area.

Economy:
Maintaining close ties with France since independence in 1960, the diversification of agriculture for export, and the stimulation of foreign investment, has made Ivory Coast one of the most prosperous African tropical countries.  However, in recent years the Ivory Coast has been subject to more competition and lower prices in the global market for its main agricultural crops: coffee and cocoa.  This, coupled with high internal corruption, makes life difficult for growers and those who export to foreign markets.
Poverty increases between 2011 and 2016.
Enemies for many years, the Ivory Coast and Ghana agreed in 2019 to impose multinational companies a minimum price for cocoa, in order to protect producers, who receive between 4 and 6 percent of the benefits of the sector: the  June 11, they announced that they suspend the sale of cocoa for the 2020-2021 campaign if a minimum price of 2300 euros per ton is not established.

Religion:
According to the latest surveys, a very high percentage of the population, 99.42%, is a believer in the Ivory Coast.  The majority religion is Christianity.  37.5% of its population professes it.
In recent years the percentage of believers has grown, has gone from 99.28% to 99.42%.  As for Christianity it has also increased, in the previous survey it was professed by 32.49% and according to the latest data it is professed by 37.5% of the population.
The second most important religion is Islam, with 37.5% of the population that professes it.

Language:
Ivory Coast has an official language, French.
However, in the country some 84 more languages ​​coexist (75 of them indigenous), the most common being Yulah (or Diula), generally used in commerce and also by the Muslim population.  It is spoken by 1.5 million inhabitants natively and 7 million as a second language (8.5 million in total).
Other common languages ​​are: in the southeast, baulé (3.5 million), anyi (1 million), attié (0.6 million);  in the southwest the beté (0.5 million), we (0.5 million), dida (0.2 million);  in the northwest the dan (1.3 million), guro (0.5 million);  in the north the senari (0.9 million);  in the northeast the kulango (0.1 million), lobi (0.3 million).

Art:
Masks are a common form of art.  The complexity and variety of the masks created by the locals cannot be compared to any.  Masks serve many purposes, but are mostly used for representative purposes;  They can represent caricatures of animals, the souls of the dead, and minor deities.
Masks are believed to be very sacred and dangerous.  As a result, only specific powerful people and their families can have them.  Specially trained people are the only ones who can put on the masks.

Events and festivals:
The Mask Festival takes place every December in the Man region. This is one of the best known and largest festivals in Ivory Coast.  The competitions between towns are organized to identify the best dancers and to respect the forest spirits personified in the masks.  Bouak & eacute;  it is another important event.  This is a week-long carnival and is normally held every March.  Another festival is the Fête du Dipri that takes place in Gomon, near Abidjan, every April.  The festival begins around midnight when naked women and children escape from their huts and perform nightly rites to cleanse the town of any evil spells.

Comparison with Chile
Difference: One of the differences is the population, Ivory Coast has more inhabitants than Chile.  But the surface of Chile is greater than that of the Ivory Coast.  Another difference is that they have different languages, Ivory Coast has a typical party that is the festival of masks and in Chile the typical party that is independence is held in September.

Similarity: The religions of both countries is mainly Christianity.

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England is one of the four constituent nations of the United Kingdom . Its territory is geographically formed by the southern and central part of Great Britain.

Weather:England has a temperate and humid oceanic climate , with temperatures not much lower than −5 ° C in winter and not much higher than 32 ° C in summer.
The coldest months are January and February , with July being the warmest month.

Geography:England has the center and south of two thirds of the island of Great Britain , in addition to a series of small islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight . England is bordered on the north by Scotland and on the west by Wales.

Language:As its name suggests, English , the language spoken by millions of people in the world, originated as the language of England, being the third most spoken language in the world.

Arts:The earliest known examples are prehistoric rocks and rock art pieces, most prominent in North Yorkshire, Northumberland and Cumbria, but also present in the South, for example at Creswell Crags . With the arrival of Roman culture in the 1st century, artistic disciplines related to the use of statues, busts, glass and mosaics became general. Many objects still survive from that time, such as those of Lullingstone and Aldborough.

Religion:After Anglicanism (with 55% of the population), the Catholic Church is the confession with the largest number of faithful, being 4.2 million people, approximately 7.8% of the English and Welsh population.

diferences and similrities:
England and Chile are very different countries, English is spoken in England and Spanish is spoken in Chile. In England there is a climate of medium oceanic latitude and in Chile there is a Mediterranean climate. In common they have, although not so much, is that you both present rural areas.

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Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country of Asia, made up of sixty-three islands, whose form of government is the parliamentary republic. Its territory is divided into five community development councils.

Geography:  Singapore is a small, highly urbanized country in Southeast Asia, located at the southern tip of the Malay peninsula; it is located between Malaysia with the one that limits to the north, and Indonesia, to the south.

Climate:  Summers in Singapore are very hot; Winters are short, hot and windy and it is oppressive, wet and cloudy throughout the year.

Religion:  According to surveys, a high percentage of the population is a believer. The beliefs that are practiced the most are:

Buddhism (32 %)

Christianity (18 %)

Without religion (18 %)

Islam (15 %)

Taoism (10 %)

Hinduism (5 %)

Other religions (1 %)

Language:  Four languages ​​are practiced in Singapore: Mandarin Chinese, Malay, Tamil and English coexist in this country as official languages, demonstrating the social mix that exists in its inhabitants.

Ceremonies and festivals:  Singapore accommodates a wide variety of international competitions, sports events and religious festivals. Some of the most important are summarized below:

Chinese New Year.

River Hong Bao Festival.

Singapore Arts Festival.

Hungry Ghost Festival.

Christmas in the Tropics.

Comparison with Chile:

Difference: One difference that can be seen is in the climate. Singapore is a more tropical and hotter country throughout the year. While Chile is only hot in the summer and with very cold winters.

Similarity: A similarity that can be seen is that of religion. Chile as well as Singapore in its population, you can see various beliefs and cultures that come to the country day by day.

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Greece has been one of the most important civilizations in history, little by little it was creating an Empire whose traditions and customs have been left for posterity. A very careful Mediterranean diet, its continuous sports practice and an excellent health system were the pillars for this civilization to endure over time.  Some characteristics of this great country are:

Democracy:
The Greeks invented democracy in order to represent the people, know their needs and respond to their demands. The population is divided into different cops, each with its own laws and internal organization, although they have language and beliefs in common.

Education:
The teachings are taught in public and private centers where you learn to read and write as a basis. Later they specialized in higher courses. Boys normally received an education and girls received another type of education, which would be arithmetic.

Art:
He uses resistant and luxurious materials, mainly marble, although wood was also very important, it was the material with which he managed to create his works of art.

Writing:
It was one of the communication bases, essential for transmitting cultural knowledge, which is why so many things are known about them. The writing was not within everyone's reach, being the popular way of communication the verbal one.

Religion:
Being polytheists they had many gods who were very present in the daily life of the Greeks. The popular belief was that they lived on Olympus and could marry human women, hence the close relationship between gods and mortals or even enmities.

Differences and similarities in Chile and Greece:

- The form of government that Chile and Greece employ is democracy, which is why they are the same, they also look alike in the climate since they are both temperate and Mediterranean.

- One of the differences is that Greece has its own language, Greek, instead we Spanish, and as an additional difference in Greece its currency is the euro, in ours it is the peso.

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Religion: About two thirds of the population are christians.

Food: Palau cuisine is based on seafood, especially fish and shellfish

Celebrations: Palau does not hold a large number of celebrations and events throughout the year. However, there are a few that will interest tourists, especially if they come from the US Palau recognizes and celebrates several major American holidays, and Thanksgiving is the most popular event with locals and expats alike. Of course, Palau's Independence Day is lovingly celebrated by citizens each year and is often considered the most important day on Palao's festive calendar.

Climate: Palau enjoys a tropical climate throughout the year with an average annual temperature of 27 ° C. The humidity is quite stable. Rains can occur throughout the year, although there is a rainy season that runs from May to November.

Location: Located in the extreme southwest of Micronesia, it borders to the northeast with Northern Mariana Islands, to the east with Federated States of Micronesia, to the south with Indonesia and to the west with the Philippines

Language: The Palauan or Palavan language (Tekoi ra Belau) is a Malay-Polynesian language spoken in Palau

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New Zealand is a country of Oceania, located in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean,

formed by two larged islands, north and south; close to many of minor islands. The capital of this country is the city of Wellington, located on the north island.

Languaje:

The official languajes are english and maori, maori is a polynesian languaje, spoken by the maories, the indigenous ethnic group of New Zealand.

Climate:

The climate is mainly more temperate, but varies between each region. Generally, the average annual temperature in the North Island is usually several degrees higher than in the South Island.

Historical events:

among the main historical events are the first inhabitants of New Zealand and the colonization of these first tribes formed in the territory.

The earliest known settlers were Polynesians who, arrived by canoe between 1250 and 1300
A. C.
During the following centuries, Polynesian immigrants created a different culture, now known as Maori. The population was divided into iwi (tribes) and hapu (sub-tribes) who cooperated, competed, and sometimes fought each other.
The first Europeans to arrive in the region did so on the journey of Juan Jufré and Juan
Fernández to Oceania, on which occasion they would have discovered New Zealand for Spain in late 1576; this event is based on a document that was presented to Felipe II and on archaeological remains found in caves at the upper end of the North Island.
But better known is the journey of the Dutchman Abel Janszoon Tasman, who arrived with his ships Heemskerck and Zeehaen and anchored at the northern tip of the South Island in December 1642, but sailed north to Tonga Island, after clashes with settlers. Maori. Tasman drew sections of the coasts of the two main islands. Nieuw Zeeland's name appeared on the navigation charts of the nearby area. Lieutenant James Cook aboard Endeavor, during his first voyage to the South Pacific, conducted a survey, measuring and inspecting the coasts of both islands in 1769 and 1770.
Since 1790, the waters surrounding New Zealand have been visited by English, French and American whaling ships, whose crew had conflicts with Maori inhabitants. In 1793 part of the coast of the southern island of New Zealand was mapped by a Spanish expedition led by Malaspina. The arrival of merchants and missionaries between the years 1800 and 1810, added more local disputes.
The first descendant of Europeans born in these lands was Thomas King, in 1815 in the Bay of Islands, northeast of the North Island.
The initiation of a large-scale settlement and land purchase program by the New Zealand Company, along with increased French interest in the islands, prompted the British government to take control of the situation.
New Zealand became a British colony in 1840, as a result of the signing of the Waitangi Treaty between the Crown and Maori chiefs.

Art:

- Before:  being a remote island, it meant the independent development of Maori art from the rest of Polynesia, overshadowed after the arrival of the settlers. The most important artistic motif is the double spiral, generally as the basis for complex designs. Possibly the maximum expression of the classical artistic tradition is reflected in the motifs carved in the ceremonial canoes and in the meeting houses.

- Nowadays: the resurgence of Maori art has been allowed and is present in different museums, along with foreign influences. Although cinema and the performing arts have had a slow development, there are renowned names behind projects, such as Sir Peter Jackson and Sir Richard Taylor, members of Weta, being a company with high global demand, working on projects such as King Kong, From my Heaven, The Avengers and Prometheus.

- Park road production:
a premier post-production center created by filmmakers, offers a wealth of resources that allow filmmakers to focus on the creative process. worked on such hits as: The Adventures of Tintin, Sector 9, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, and The Last Samurai.
Wellington in this way is known as "Wellywood" because it is the heart of cinematography in New Zealand. Taking even tourist tours

- In the Literature: the Maori quickly adopted writing as a medium for the exchange of ideas, and many of their poems and oral traditions have been preserved in written form. Most of New Zealand literature was very similar to that of the United Kingdom, and it was not until the 1950´s, with the increase in the number of bookstores and publishers, that New Zealand literature became known.

Ceremonies and festivals:

The popular festival and ceremonies in New Zealand are the true reflection of the cultural mix between the maori culture and the western of the British decendants, some of these festivities and ceremonies are:

- Auckland Folk Festival: held in early juanary. For three days, the city is filled with the best music, the best vibes, and traditional food.

- Rotoura Marathon:
it happens during may, the Rotoura lake is crossed participating as a runner. A competition that begins in the government gardens and crosses the Hamurana Hills, to return to Rotoura.

-Powhiri:
is a welcome ceremony includes speeches, dances, songs and finally the hongi (traditional Maori greeting).

Comparison with Chile:

Some similarities are that the climate in both countries, varies greatly in diferent regions.

And in historical events, both countries were colonized by European crowns.

Although both countries have a different culture, they have in common that some of their festivities are usually in memory of their ancestors, or are celebrated directly by people who still maintain their indigenous ethnicity.

Some differences are geographical location, language and culture. and also social aspects, such as the sports that are preferred in both countries.

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Estonia officially called as republic of estonia is a baltic republic located on the european continent.

Climate: its environment is humid, winters are cold and summer is pleasant, although this specifically depends on whether we are talking about the climate of the coast or continental Estonia, the areas near the sea have a milder climate than the interior of the country . It has four seasons that can be easily distinguished.

Geography: it is located in northern Europe, bordered on the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the south by Latvia, on the east by Russia and on the west by the Baltic Sea, it has more than 1500 islands and its territories were parts of the USSR.

Language: Estonian is the official language of this country, spoken by the vast majority of the population, and the most widely spoken foreign languages ​​are Russian, English, Finnish, and German.

Religion: Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with more than 50% of its population considering themselves to be atheists, while the most practiced religion is Christian.

Ceremonies or festivals: The song festival is one of the most popular traditions in the country, it is celebrated every 5 years in mid-summer and is considered Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO, with the participation of different groups of choirs, bands, etc.

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Greece is a country, with a long history, since the beginnings of art, religion, and ideas that we currently use were given, it is known, for its religion, philosophy, actually for its culture, since in that country, in antiquity , It was the beginning of an era, that ceased to exist, but was reborn.
Geography: State of southern Europe, member of the European Union located at the southern end of the Balkan peninsula on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It limits with the Aegean Sea, the Ionian and the Mediterranean, between Albania and Turkey. Greece has a land border with Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Turkey. By sea it borders Italy, Turkey and Albania.

Language: as it is known today, it has its origin in the ancient Greek, after undergoing strong transformations. Hence the names Ancient Greek, Medieval Greek, and Modern Greek that receive the previous evolutionary stages.

Climate: It is typically Mediterranean, temperate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Its geographical position in the extreme south-east of Europe, its rugged relief, the distribution of its territory between the continent and the islands and the presence of water bodies determine climatic variations always within the characteristics of the Mediterranean climate, that is, abundant sunshine all year round, mild temperatures and little rainfall.

Art: it is the result of the mixture of many different elements. Throughout their history they developed all those elements and have created an art that was the basis of all western culture. They adapted the inheritance of the previous cultures to the Greek, and perfected it with all its own elements, etc., making it their own and creating a new and very excellent culture and art.

Religion: The Greeks believed in many gods, their religion was polytheistic. Their divinities had a human appearance, being bearers of both virtues and defects. But unlike men, they were immortal and had supernatural powers.

The similarities of Greece and Chile are as follows
Both climates are temperate and Mediterranean.
As in Chile, its form of government is Democracy.
Finally, both have an extensive coastline that supplies them with different seafood.

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Russia is the largest nation in the world and borders Europe and Asia, as well as the Pacific and Arctic oceans. Its landscape ranges from the tundra and the forest to the subtropical beaches. It is famous for the Bolshoi ballet companies of Moscow and the Mariinsky of Saint Petersburg.

Geography:
The Russian Federation is a country in northern and eastern Europe, stretching from Asia to the Pacific Ocean. It has an area of ​​17,075,400 km², which makes it the largest country in the world, 20,017 km of borders and 37,653 km of coastline.

Climate:
In Russia, the moderate continental climate dominates with periodic seasonal changes, cold, snowy and long winters, mild and relatively short summers.

Religion:
Russia is a secular state. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Constitution. According to the religion law, the four traditional Russian religions are the Russian Orthodox Church, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism.

Language:
The Russian language is an Indo-European language of the Eastern Slavic branch, and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan; Widely used in eastern Ukraine, being a recognized or co-official regional language in some regions and cities in the south and east of the country.

Gastronomy:
Russian cuisine derives from an innumerable wealth of dishes, due firstly to the multicultural character and secondly to the vast geographical extent of the country.
Some typical food:

Caviar:
It is the most exquisite snack you can eat and more, if it is of Russian origin. These salmon eggs or different types of sturgeon are a luxury that you should give yourself if you travel to this country.

Solianka:
This soup contains various meats, tomato paste, condiments, vegetables (potato, cabbage, onion, and carrot), lemons, olives, and salted mushrooms.

Ponchik:
Similar to donuts, this bite is made with fried cottage cheese dough, topped with sugar or chocolate.

Difference with Chile:
One of the differences is the languages, in Russia Russian is spoken but in Chile Spanish is spoken.

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Nairobi is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The name Nairobi comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nyorobi, which means "the place of fresh waters". However, it is popularly known as the "Green City in the Sun".
Its religion belongs to Islam and to Catholic religion, its current language is Swahili and English, its president is Uhuru Kenyatta.
They have managed to keep their identity mark very well and they show it proudly to travelers through different celebrations. Music, dancing and color are some of the essential ingredients.

Gastronomy is also very present, in addition to sports competitions. Due to the different religious beliefs, in Kenya both the main Christian holidays are celebrated, such as Christmas or Easter; like the Muslims, where part of its population strictly follows Ramadan. It is also a country rich in history where it has had to deal with the British occupation, so one of the key dates is the day of its independence, December 12. Don't miss Kenya's popular party calendar to enjoy the best events when you travel to Kenya.

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Brunéi is a small nation on the Island of Borneo, divided into 2 different sections surrounded by Malaysia and the South China Sea.

Lenguage:  the original language of Brunéi is “Malayo”

Climate: in Brunéi the summers are long and very hot; winters are short and hot and oppressive, wet and cloudy year round

Religion:  Islam is the official religion of  Brunéi and the sultan is the head of the religion in the country. Other religious rites practiced are Buddhism (mainly by the Chinese) and Christianity. In small isolated communities they have their own religions.

Celebrations and festivals: Prophet's Birthday - Eid-Milad Nnabi: October 29

Birthday of HM Sultan Yang Di-Pertuan of Negara Drunei Darussalas: July 15

Eid-ul-Adha - Feast of the Lamb: July 31-August 1

Geography: Brunéi consists of a narrow coastal plain in the north and hills in the south. The country's highest peak, the 1850 m Bukit Pagon Mount, is located to the east at the southern tip of the Temburong District. It is part of the Iran mountains.

In the western part of the country, the largest, is even less mountainous, with only a few mountains standing out, especially on the border with Malaysia

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Geography:

The Republic of Ireland is a Western European State, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic, west of the island of Great Britain. It borders the United Kingdom to the north, the Irish Sea to the east and the North Atlantic to the west.

Climate:
Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate. The influence of the Atlantic ocean on the climate means that Ireland does not suffer extreme temperatures like other countries in the same latitude.

Religión:

in Ireland 93.95%, a very high percentage of the population, declare themselves a believer. 92.99% of the country's population practices Christianity, so it is the religion most followed by its population.

Art:

Ireland is a country rich in history and culture. Within the latter we must refer to one of the most representative aspects of it: Irish art, the same as the owner of sculptures, monuments and paintings, dates back more than 2,500 years BC.

If we speak from Ireland, we immediately think of Celtic culture. Well, this amazing tradition also has a lot to do when it comes to Ireland's artistic history. This art reaches its prosperity printed in the evangelical manuscripts found in Durrow's books, among others.

language:

Although English and Irish are the official languages ​​of Ireland, it is estimated that only 30% of the population speaks the Irish Gaelic language while English is spoken by everyone on the Emerald Isle.

similarities with chile:

just like in ireland, in cities in chile, like ours, the climate is very temperate thanks to the ocean and we do not have extreme temperaturas

differences with chile:

in Chile the official language is Spanish, while in Ireland it is English and Irish.

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Republic of Fiji is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, the capital is Suva and this country is part of Oceania. Fiji 2020 population is estimated at 896,445 people. Fiji is known for its rich indigenous culture and beautiful beaches. The migration of Indians to Fiji began in the 1870s, when thousands arrived to work in the sugarcane industry.

Languages: Fiji has three official languages; English, iTaukei and hindi

Arts: Most of the folkloric crafts are practiced in the villages, and village life is still the foundation of Fijian society. Some of the crafts they make are:

-Pottery

-Mat and basket weaving

-Masi

-Woodcarving

Religion: The island is a mixed society religiously. The 64.4% of the population are Christians, the 27% are Hindu and the 6.3% are Muslim.

Climate: This beautiful country has a warm tropical climate. Maximum temperatures in Fiji rarely move out of the 31°C to 26°C range all year round.

Cuisine: Fijian food is heavily influenced by the surrounding sea. Traditional dishes include a vast variety of shellfish, seaweed, octopus, sea cucumber, sea urchin, turtle, shark, and of course fish. Some of the typical food are:

-Kokoda

-Lovo

-Duruka

-Taro

-Nama

Chile and Fiji have their similarities and differences.

Similarities:
-Both contries have three official languages.
-The two contries have beautiful views.
-Fiji and Chile have tropical weather.
-They are in the southern hemisphere.

Differences:
-Fiji is an island.
-Fiji was colonized by England, and Chile was colonized by Spain.

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Marshall Islands
The  islands, officially the republic of the Marshall islands, is a country in the Pacific Ocean.

History: The navigator Alvaro Saavedra was the first European to see the islands, in 1529. British captain John Marshall gave the islands their name in 1788.

Languages:Marshall has two official languages: Marshall and english

Climate: The climate is a tropical net with temperatures and thermal variations very moderate for the ocean, the mean temperature for 2010 was 28 c.

Geography: The Marshall islands are 29 atolls and five large islands. Two thirds of the population lives in Majuro and Ebeye. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment.

Religion: In the Marshall islands 93% of the population is Christian

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Israel is a Middle Eastern country in the Mediterranean Sea, considered the biblical Holy Land according to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Its most sacred sites are in Jerusalem.

Language: Israel's official language is Hebrew. These are also the most widely spoken languages ​​(72% of the population speaks Hebrew and 21% speaks Arabic).

Climate: The climate is subtropical, with abundant sunny days and rainfall that is concentrated in the winter months.

Historical events:On May 14, 1948, Israel proclaimed its independence. Less than 24 hours later, the regular armies of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded it.

Religion: 76.1% of the population is Jewish, 16.2% Muslim, 2.1% Christian and 1.9% Druze. 3.9% of the population is not classified in any religion.

Ceremonies and festivals: The Jewish holidays,whose origin dates back to ancient times,are observed in Israel with great intensity and in many ways, Some of these are:
- Shabah
-Rosh Hashaná
-Yom Kipur
-Sucot
-Janucá

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Guyana, whose official name is Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country in America, located on the north coast of South America. It limits to the north with the Atlantic Ocean, to the east with Suriname, to the west with Venezuela and Brazil, and to the south with Brazil. From 1831 to 1966 they experienced the affected colony British Guiana.

GEOGRAPHY: The Guyanese relief is formed by a flat base on the coast, which constitutes the agricultural area where 90% of the population is concentrated. A sector of the plain is located below sea level and is protected by a series of levees. In the interior of the territory the hills and the forests abound, in the south. The main rivers are the Essequibo and the Demerara, among others.

CLIMATE: The climate is equatorial-tropical, softened by the sea breeze (with temperatures of 28 ° C on average in Georgetown), and very humid (with more than 2000 mm of annual rainfall in the country's capital).

ECONOMY: Guyana's main economic activity is agriculture, which occupies most of the workforce. Rice fields, other food crops (vegetables, tubers) and fruit trees (citrus, coconut) are spread in the coastal polders.

DEMOGRAPHY: According to UN statistics, Guyana's population is 801,194 in 2014, which is divided into three main groups:

Indians or Indo-Guyanese (about 50%) living in rural areas
Africans or Afro-Guyanese (between 36 and 43%) residing in urban centers
Native Americans (between 4 and 7%), residents of the interior areas.

LANGUAGE: English is the only official language of Guyana, but due to the cultural influence of its environment, the Spanish language and the Portuguese language are widely spread in the country.

DIFFERENCE WITH CHILE:
In Chile we only speak Spanish, while in Guyana he speaks English, Portuguese and Spanish. Guyana's climate is tropical, while Chile is different according to its areas.

SIMILARITIES WITH CHILE:
A similarity is that both are located in America del Sury, in some of them they speak Spanish igul than Chile.
-Diego Saavedra-

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-CLIMATE: Has a humid tropical climate and in this you can distinguish the warm and fresh station.

-FESTIVALS: Hevia festival (celebration of polynesian life).

-TRADITIONS : Dances: One of his most traditional dance known is tamure.In addition to the timorodee and upaupa.

-RELIGION: El 96%  of frensh polynesia is christian.

-GEOGRAPHY: It is made up of 118 islands,it is located east of the south pacific. It covers five archipelagos: societies, marquines, tuamotu, gambier and austral.

COMPARISON WITH CHILE:

ClIMATE: French Polynesia has a humid tropical climate in general. Chile has a drier climate with high temperatures in the north of the country and in the south a cooler and wetter climate.

LANGUAGE: The official language of these island is French, Tahitian most spoken language by the native population of the islands, instead in Chile language is spanish.

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-Geography: It´s a small central european country that is a part of the european union. It´s a landlocked state, surrounded by France, Germany and Belgium,
-Climate: Luxembourg has a modified oceanic with mild winters and temperate summers,
-Language: The mother thonge of the local population is luxembourgish, a language of high German
-Cuisine: The gastronomy of Luxembourg is influenced by the cuisine  of its neighboring countries, some of deir diches are:
-Bounesschlupp: A soup with green beans
-Judd mat Gardebounen: Pork with beans

-Religion: 44% of loxembourg  citizenz replied that "they believe that there is a god", while 28% answered that "they believe that there is some kind of spirit or life force" and 22% that "they do not believe that there is come kind of spirit, god or lie force."

In my opinion I would say that the bouneschlupp is like a kind of casserole since it is a broth with vegetables.

Link from a video:
https://youtu.be/UKqH4FG3z6A

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It was a southeastern and central country
Europe for most of the 20th century. It was born after the First World War in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

-History: The country was a conglomerate of six regional republics and two autonomous provinces, which were divided according to ethnic group and which in the 1990s separated into several independent countries. These eight states became six republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and two autonomous provinces within Serbia: Kosovo and Metohija and Vojvodina.

The Serbian nationalist upheaval initiated by Milošević in the late 1980s is considered the key to the beginning of the dissolution of this state.There were many triggers, but the main ones were the abolition of Kosovo autonomy by Milosevic in 1990, and about all that the Serbs from the Croatian region of Krajina declared their separation from Croatia in March 1991, which led Croatia and Slovenia to unilaterally declare their independence on June 25, 1991 and produced a contagion effect in the rest of the Yugoslav republics . Due to the clash between Serbian nationalism (Milošević), Croatian (Tuđman) and Bosnian (Izetbegović) degenerated into a very violent war. Months later, on January 15, 1992, the European countries of the EC and the international community recognized the independence of Slovenia and Croatia, causing the end of Yugoslavia, although Serbia and Montenegro will continue to use this name until 2003.

-Geography: It was formed from the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire with the Kingdom of Serbia, and the territories the first union of the southern Slavic people as a sovereign state

-Religion: Orthodox
Sunni Muslim and Catholic.

-Language: In socialist Yugoslavia there were three official languages: Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, and Macedonian.

-Climate: Mediterranean on the coast and continental inland.

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Welcome to First Step Korean! - Introduction | Coursera

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Video created by Yonsei University for the course "First Step Korean". Thanks for joining the course! Watch the video below to get started.

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what about songs that show a different culture? let's post and share ...!!!!

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what about songs that show a different culture? let's post and share ...!!!!

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Sting, Englishman in new york (Sub Español)

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Hermosooooooo 🤩

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Cities of Chile: Concepción - Open Nature

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CHOOSE A COUNTRY OR CITY
AND SEARCH THE NET TO FIND INFORMATION ABOUT IT. INCLUDE 5 OF THESE FEATURES AND SHARE WITH THE CLASS.

1. Climate

2. Language

3. Ideas and beliefs

4. Cuisine

5. Arts

6. Geography

7. Historical events

8. Ceremonies and festivals

9.  Social customs and traditions

10. Religion

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1. Language:

The korean alphabet (hangul) was invented by King Sejong the Great in 1443 to represent spoken languages of korean and its neighbors for the uneducated people, becoming the official Korean script in 1894.

The korean alphabet is composed of 24 letters: 14 consonants and 10 vowels. This alphabet also has double consonants and double vocals.

2. Cuisine:

Korean cuisine is the customary cooking traditions and practices of the culinary arts of Korean culture. Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in Korea and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.

Is largely based on rice, vegetables, and (at least in the South) meats. Although ingredients and dishes vary by province. Many regional dishes have become national, and dishes that were once regional have proliferated in different variations across the country. Korean royal court cuisine once brought all of the unique regional specialties together for the royal family. Foods are regulated by Korean cultural etiquette.

Some of the most famous and traditional korean meals, or in this case side dish (which is actually also used as a condiment to add to soups, rice and noodles) is kimchi.

Kimchi is served at nearly every meal. Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, doenjang (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, gochugaru (pepper flakes), gochujang (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.

But Koreans also have other meals, like Kimbap/Gimbap which is a korean-style sushi, bibimbap (a rice bowl), or the very famous Samgyeopsal, or Korean BBQ.

Korean barbeque on itself it's a very fun thing to do with the company of family or friends, after all, normally going to do this activities means sharing and distributing the food between everyone, being a great excuse to go out with your loved ones and have a good time in dinner, better than just eating alone.

3.  Geography (and climate):

Korea is located on the Korean Peninsula in Northeast Asia. ... The southern and western parts of the peninsula have well-developed plains, while the eastern and northern parts are mountainous. The highest mountain in Korea is Mount Paektu or Paektusan (2,744 m or 9,003 ft), through which runs the border with China.

South Korea's topography consists mainly of hills and mountains but there are large coastal plains in the western and southern parts of the country. The highest point in South Korea is Halla-san, an extinct volcano, which rises to 6,398 feet (1,950 m).

4. Arts:

Even though South Korea has gained attention thanks to the K-pop Industry, the country has its own music genre called ''Trot'' (트로트, teuroteu), originated in Korea during Japanese colonial rule in the first half of the 20th century. This music genre it's known as the oldest form of Korean pop music. ¡Trot it's an interesting and different type of music that's totally worth it to check out!

Trot was influenced by many genres of Korean, Japanese, U.S. and European music, and it has been around for almost 100 years and its distinct singing style has been continuously evolving.

Trot music got its shape in rhythms during Japanese colonial rule, and after the liberation of the Korean peninsula and the Korean War (1950-1953), talented artists such as Lee Mi-Ja, Choi Sook-ja, Bae Ho, Nam Jin, Na Hun-a, Joo Hyun-mi and many others helped to make Trot popular.

With the rise of K-pop from the 1990s onwards, Trot music lost some popularity and was viewed as more old-fashioned. However, from 2000s onwards, young Trot singers such as Jang Yoon-jeong, Hong Jin-young and K-pop singers such as Super Junior-T (an official subgroup of Super Junior) , Daesung and Lizzy, renewed interest in the genre and popularised it among young listeners.

Although the genre originated before the division of the Korean peninsula, Trot is now mainly sung in South Korea. The associated pop culture in North Korea no longer exists as propaganda music has since displaced other musical forms.

5.Ceremonies and festivals:

Just like most festivals in every culture around the world, Korean traditional festivals are also mainly tied to livelihood, community life, and beliefs.

The most popular and highly-celebrated Korean traditional festivals include "Seollal" (News Year's Day) and "Chuseok" (Harvest Festival) festivals. They are also big holidays in the country.

Beginning with the first month of the year, Seollal (or Seolnal) is not only the first most important but also the biggest holiday in South Korea.

Seollal is New Year's Day in the lunar calendar. Koreans celebrate Seollal with various activities and rituals which some sources say goes back to the sixth century.

One of the must-do activities during Seollal is to show respects to parents and elders in the family, including the ancestors. These forms of respect would usually include the Sebae (New Year's Bow) and Charye (ritual for ancestors).

During Seollal, Koreans usually wear the traditional clothing called hanbok and enjoy tteokguk (a soup made of glutinous rice cake) and yakwa (traditional sweets with flavors of ginger and honey),  play yutnori (also named iut, a game where you match the opposites sides of wood sticks).

Chuseok, on the other hand is a thanksgiving holiday for Koreans and one of the biggest and longest.

Chuseok takes place on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month during the full moon. It is a common practice among children to visit their hometowns or parents to offer respects and gifts, an families usually go out to explore places, play games, eat delicious food, and spend their time together.

Most often, this is the best time when children working in the big cities can visit their parents in the provinces.

Some traditional games that the young and old play during this festivity include dancing, fan dance on a rope (more of a performance by an expert), tug-of-war, see-saw, Ssireum (Korean wrestling), arrow-shooting, among others.

To name just a few, Koreans prepare and eat a lot of traditional food including Songpyeon (traditional rice cake with grains and sweets), Torantang, vegetables, and Galbi (beef or pork ribs dish).

Bonus: Differences and Similarities.

Something that differs Chilean culture from Korean culture it's that Koreans are a lot more respectful to the elderly, using honorifics and suffixes when they speak to them while Chilean people doesn't worry that much about it.

However, something that chileans and koreans have in common (in my opinion) is that we usually like to spend time with our loved ones by doing barbeques.

(the picture it's Itaewon, Seoul at night)

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1.Culture is an integral part of every society. It is a learned pattern of behavior and ways in which a person lives his or her life. Culture is essential for the existence of a society, because it binds people together. In the explicit sense of the term, culture is made from the music, food, arts and literature of a society.