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1.a. "He sat on the rocky shore and broke his own heart groaning" Odysseus is introduced as a heartfelt character
b. "I have pondered it, and I shall help you go" Odysseus is freed for adventure
c. "Though he fought shy of her and her desire, he lay with her each night, for she compelled him" Odysseus doesn't leave, as he is compelled by Calypso's sexuality
d. "Athena...sends the messenger god Hermes...to order Odysseus released" Athena through Hermes tells Odysseus to leave Calypso and proceed on his journey home.
E. "Odysseus builds a raft and sets sail...found by the daughter of Alicnous" Odysseus leaves his comfort zone and he is sent out on his long journey home
f. "I have been detained long by Calypso...Circe of Acea...the Lotus Eaters...[an] encounter with the Cyclops named Polyphemus, Poseidon" Odysseus faces all of these tests and hardships in his journey.
2.a. (Weakness) "It is Odysseus' famed curiosity that leas him to the Cyclops's cave and that makes him insist on waiting" Odysseus makes the mistake of waiting for the Cyclops
"Odysseus urges his exhausted crew to bypass Thrinakia...but the men insist on landing" Odysseus gives in to his men's wants
2.b. (strength and courage)"I stormed that place and killed the men who fought" This shows Odysseus' strength in battle
"I grew sick with fear. But presently I gave command to my officers to flay those sheep" This shows how Odysseus can overcome his fear>
2.c. Odysseus' mistakes allow him to be seen as a human being rather than an untouchable hero

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Xenia (Sean B, Kane D, Milton O, and Jurstin V)

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Xenia (Sean B, Kane D, Milton O, and Jurstin V)

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1. Xenia is the Greek concept of hospitality, the generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing guest friendship, believing they may or may not be a god or goddess in disguise

2. Calypso: “While her serving maids brought nectar and ambrosia to her side.Then each one’s hands went out on each one’s feast until they had pleasure.(97-99)” Calypso shows Odysseus xenia when she has a big feast made for Odysseus when he leaves.

I am Laertes’ Son - “To the ancient people of Greece and Asia Minor, all guests were godsent. They had to be treated with great courtesy before they could be asked to identify themselves and state their business”(895) This courtesy meant a great deal to them, for if the gods were the guests, they would make sure to treat them nicely even if they did not know. By doing this, if ever a god were to survey them for a short while, they would see the good in that group of people in the city.

The Cyclops- Odysseus and his men are from Troy Achaeans. They entered the cave, they helped themselves to the food and drink they found there, and fell asleep.  After a time, a Cyclops, whose name was Polyphemus, returned to the cave.  Leading his flock of giant sheep into the cave he rolled a huge stone against the mouth of the cave to close the entrance.  On finding Odysseus and his men in the cave, the Cyclops became enraged, grabbed two of the men smashed their heads against the rocks, at them, and fell asleep.  Odysseus dared do nothing to the Cyclops since only the Cyclops was strong enough to move the stone away from the mouth of the cave.

The Witch Circe-MILTON >They greet them with the wine and the circe offers them a magic potion. They are not sure if Odysseus is a god dressed in disguise.  They do lots of stuff with them because they are not sure if they are gods of just regular mortals.going to attack them because if they are really gods they might be cursed forever and the curse will go over to the ancestors of them forever and EVER!!!!!!

3.) How well is Xenia achieved in each story? Why or Why not?

Xenia is achieved by Calypso, the King, and the witch circe at the beginning by their welcoming matter at their first meet. But the cyclops does not care for this Xenia, for he believes he can destroy his guests and feed on them, in the form of Odysseus and his crew. With the Witch Circe, she represents Xenia at first by offering them wine, but turns those who drank the wine into pigs.

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Xenia is the Greek form of hospitality that took place when people would practice the generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing guest-friendship. Xenia is an important concept in "The Odyssey", and takes part in many of the stories such as "Calypso", "The Cyclops", “I Am Laertes’ Son”, and “The Witch Circe”. Here are some examples:

"Calypso"- In the story, "Calypso", Xenia takes place when the beautiful goddess-nymph keeps Odysseus on her island and takes care for him and feeds him. All though Odysseus didn't long to stay, Xenia still took place because Calypso tried her best to make him feel happy and at home on the island with her. At first, the idea of Xenia failed in this case because Odysseus didn't want to stay and wanted to go home, but finally real Xenia was broadcast and given from Calypso when she not only allowed him to set sail to home, but helps him out, "Calypso promises Odysseus a raft and provisions to help him homeward without harm"(892).

"The Cyclops"-When entering the cave of Polyphemus, Odysseus relies on the expectation of hospitality and helps himself to food and shelter. When Polyphemus returns, however, we see that he does not follow the rules of Greek hospitality.  The reason he does not abide by these rules is because his father is the god Poseidon.  He does not fear the wrath of the gods because he feels his father will protect him. "Then over the broad cavern floor he ushered the ewes he meant to milk. He left his rams and he-goats in the yard outside, and swung high overhead a slab of solid rock to close the cave"(900). This quote shows how Odysseus and his men expected to be able to take over the cave and they assumed the cyclops would be okay with that. Xenia failed in this story, for it never took place. The cyclops returned and hollered, "You are a ninny, or else you come from the other end of nowhere, telling me mind the gods! We Cyclopes care not a whistle for your thundering Zeus or all the gods in bliss"(900).

"I Am Laertes Son"- "I shall not see on earth a place more dear, though I have been detained long by Calypso, loveliest among goddesses, who held me in her smooth caves, to be her heart's delight, as Circe of Aeaea, the enchantress, desired me, and detained me in her hall"(895). Xenia is shown and successful here because Odysseus was given shelter and pleasure.

“The witch Circe”-"Their the wind King Aeolus does Odysseus a favor he puts all the stormy winds into a bag so that they will not harm the ithacans"(911). Xenia is shown here because they are going to be protected by the storm.

McKenzie M and Kayla C

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- Definition: The ancient Greek concept of hospitality, the generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home and associates of the person bestowing guest- friendship
- Calypso: "[Odysseus] took the chair left empty now by Hermes, where the divine Calypso placed before him victuals and drink of men; then she sat down facing Odysseus, while her serving maids brought nectar and ambrosia to her side" (Homer 94-98)
Explanation: Calypso places before Odysseus enough drink for satisfaction which is a  indicator of generous hospitality

- I am Laertes' Son: "That night, at the banquet, the stranger who was washed up the beach is seated in the guest's place of honor.  A minstrel, or singer, is called, and the mystery guest gives him a gift of pork, crisp with fat, and requests a song about Troy.  In effect, Odysseus is asking for a song about himself" (Homer pg 895)
Explanation: The king offers Odysseus a feast in Odysseus' honor and gives him the guest place of honor which is a very generous act of hospitality.

- Cyclops "It was our luck to come here; here we stand, beholden for your help, or any gifts you give- as custom is to honor strangers. We would entreat you, great Sir, have a care for the gods' courtesy; Zeus will avenge the unoffending guest." (Homer 256- 261)
Explanation: While in the cave with the cyclops, Odysseus argues that guests shall be treated with courtesy and hospitality which is ironic to the fact that they intruded the Cyclops' home

- Witch Circe: "On thrones she seated them, and lounging chairs, while she prepared a meal of cheese and barley and amber honey mixed with Pramnian wine, adding her own vile pinch to make them lose desire or thought of our dear fatherland" (Homer 565- 569)
Explanation: Circe's kind and generous act of preparing various foods and drinks for her guests refers to the kind acts of Xenia

- Calypso is very well achieved as she shows Odysseus hospitality and comfort
- Xenia is well achieved in "Laertes' Son" because the Alcinous' court gives a seat of honor and hospitable feast
- The Cyclops did displays of adequate Xenia as he nearly eats all of his men and companions
- Circe demonstrates Xenia well as she offers various foods and beverages
Group: Alex, Timothy, Ashley E, David

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Women (Gender Roles) by Lieke P. and Annika K

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Women (Gender Roles) by Lieke P. and Annika K

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1.

Calypso

Calypso hinders Odysseus from coming home by holding him as a “not entirely unwilling captive” (introduction on page 891).  Although Odysseus is not entirely unwilling, Calypso still keeps him from continuing his journey home for 7 years.

Circe

Circe appears to be a nice lady, but when Odysseus and his men approach her, she turns many of them into pigs. Odysseus protects himself from Circe’s sorcery, but she still “persuades Odysseus to stay with her” (913). He remains there by his own will for many seasons which delays his journey home.

Sirens

The Sirens pose a large threat to Odysseus and his men.  The men end up having to lay wax “thick on their ears” (746) to keep them from hearing the sound of their voices.  Although the Sirens do not keep Odysseus and his men from reaching their home, they still have to take precautions against them.

Scylla

Scylla has six heads and twelve tentacles and is said to kill “one man for each gullet” (694). When the ship heads towards Scylla’s cliff, she eats six men as they pass.  Overall, Scylla poses a large threat to all the men and makes their journey home more difficult and deadly.

Charybdis

Charybdis forces the men to go past Scylla because if they came upon her even “the god who makes earth tremble could not save” (703) them.  Charybdis poses the threat to the men that ultimately forces them to battle Scylla.

2.

All of the female characters are presented as powerful; however, some are more powerful than others. Calypso is mainly described to be beautiful and persuasive, whereas characters like Circe, the Sirens, Scylla, and Charybdis are murderous. Circe and Calypso are both persuasive and keep Odysseus with them for many years.

3.

Women were viewed by the greeks as much more powerful and capable than in many other societies.  While other societies would have written all the monsters to be men, as monsters are powerful and sometimes also cunning, the Greeks gave this role to both men and women.

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-is hospitality of the gods
-"then she sat down facing Odysseus, while
her serving maids brought nectar and ambrosia to her side"(893). This shows Xenia because the servants bring her food. Calpso
-I Am Laerte's Son
"That night at the banquet, the stranger who was washed up on the beach is seated in the guest's place of honor"(895). This shows Xenia because they placed the guest in the palace of honor.
-Cyclops
"Nobody's my meat, then, after I eat his friends. Others came first. There's a noble gift, now" (904). This shows Xenia because they are the gift and he wants them to come first. He is very polite.
-The Witch Circle
"Dear friends, no need for stealth: here's a young weaver singing a pretty song to set the air atingle on these lawns and paven courts"(911). This shows Xenia because Polites calls them friends.
-In all the stories, Xenia is achieved through different ways because there are many examples of Xenia in the stories.
Noelle, Isha, Sanam and Aanika

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Xenia Ashely L, Clarissa H,  Cadee K, Alexis H.

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Xenia Ashely L, Clarissa H,  Cadee K, Alexis H.

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Xenia is the concept of hospitality and generosity towards guests. It was important for Ancient Greeks because their guests might have been Gods in disguise.

“On thrones she seated them, and lounging chairs, while she prepared a meal of cheese and barley and amber honey mixed with Pramnian wine, adding her own vile pinch, to make them lose desire thought of our dear fatherland” (565-570). Odysseus and his men identify and enter the hall of Circe, and the goddess, Circe, gives them food, shelter, and comfort. This demonstrates xenia because Odysseus and his men are strangers that washed up on her island, but she is serving them with food and shelter. She is generous and provides for her guests, thus it demonstrates xenia.

“ It was out luck to come here; here we stand, beholden for your help, or any gifts you give-as custom to honor strangers” (257-258). Odysseus is requesting for hospitality from the Cyclops since it was customary in Ancient Greek culture.

“..the divine calypso placed before him victuals and drink of men; then she sat down facing Odysseus, while her serving maids brought nectar and ambrosia to her side” (95-98)

Calypso demonstrates xenia by preparing an elegant meal for Odysseus before he leaves her island after his seven year stay.

“Odysseus is found by the daughter of Alcinous, king of the Phaeacians. That evening he is a guest at the court… That night, at the banquet, the stranger who was washed up on the beach is seated in the guest’s place of honor” (895). King Alcinous generously throws a feast for Odysseus although he is a stranger. He seats Odysseus at his table and gifts him with food and a minstrel. He demonstrates Xenia because he shows great hospitality to the stranger, Odysseus.

During Odysseus’s journey, Xenia is found sprinkled throughout his meetings. Calypso gives him many pleasures and feasts during his stay, demonstrating a prolonged act of Xenia. When Odysseus is found by King Alcinous’s daughter, they give him a feast. When trapped with the cyclops, Odysseus asks for Xenia only to be rejected. And finally, when the Witch Circe entices Odysseus’s men, she gives them lavish food, only to turn them into pigs.

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1. Xenia is the Greek concept of hospitality and courtesy towards visitors. It stems from the Greek's fear that one of their visitors could be a god and could smite them if not treated well.

2. and 3.

1. "Calypso"

1. Quote: “Then [Calypso] sat … while her serving maids brought [food]... Then each one’s hands went out each one’s feast until [Odysseus] had [his] pleasure” (Homer 96-100)

2. As Calypso has one last meal with Odysseus, she demonstrates the respect and courtesy that Xenia demands, and making sure that he is well fed. This service is an example of Xenia that drives Calypso to be so courteous towards Odysseus because it demands generosity from the host.

2. "I am Laertes’ Son"

1. Quote: “That evening [Odysseus] is a guest at court...[and] is seated in the guest’s place of honor” (895).

2. Explanation: This quote is a perfect example of Xenia because the King Alcinous, who has no idea who Odysseus is, is treating Odysseus to a feast in his honor. This very nice treating of guests is characteristic of Xenia, so it is achieved very well in this story.

3. "The Cyclops"

1. Quote: “It was our luck to come here; here we stand,beholden for your help, or any gifts you give---as custom is to honor strangers.”

2. Explanation: When Odysseus and his men come to face the cyclops, they automatically expect for the cyclops to treat them with honor and respect because they might be gods.

4. "The Witch Circe"

1. Quote: “On thrones she seated them, and lounging chairs, while she prepared a meal of cheese and barley and amber honey mixed with Pramnian wine...”

2. Explanation: This quote shows what Xenia is by demonstrating the kindness one should give to a complete stranger in case they are Gods, but in this case Circe is using Xenia to her advantage to turn all the men who came into swine.

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1. Xenia is a form or concept of Greek hospitality. In the Greek version of hospitality, people who traveled from far to visit, are shown courtesy and munificence that forms a bond or a closer relationship that also shows signs and hints of respect.

2.

. Calypso: “Now face-to-face the magical Calypso recognized [Hermes], as all immortal gods know one another on sight-though seeming strangers, far from home” (67-70) “[Odysseus] took the chair left empty now by Hermes” (94)

Hermes and Calypso never seen each other before. However, when Hermes came to meet Calypso to tell her to release Odysseus, Calypso provided something to eat or drink, as we can know from the second quote that Hermes sat on the chair around the table.

I Am Laertes Son: “They had to be treated with great courtesy before they could be asked to identify themselves and state their business” (895).

Since Odysseus arrived at an island without the boat, he was sleeping in a pile of leaves and falls, which obviously doesn’t look nice. When the princess of Phaeacians found Odysseus, she took him to the palace, and the king and all the other people there treated him with great courtesy even though they didn’t know who Odysseus was.

The Cyclops: “It was our luck to come here; here we stand, beholden for your help, or any gifts you give - as custom is to honor strangers” (256-258). In “The Cyclops”, Odysseus presents the idea of Xenia to Polyphemus, but he dismisses it because cyclops do not fear the gods’ punishment because they are so powerful.

The Witch Circe: “On thrones she seated them, and lounging chairs, while she prepared a meal of cheese and barley and amber honey mixed with Pramnian wine” (565-567). When Odysseus and his men arrive, Circe prepares a lavish feast and a place to rest for them, showing Xenia towards the men.

3. Xenia is well achieved in each story. Whenever the characters have the guest in their land, they serve some food or entertain the guest in some kind of way to amuse the guests.  For example, King Alcinous serves food and entertains Odysseus, even though he is a stranger.

Kelly C, Annette P, Katherine M, Monica T

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Xenia (Deeyana R, Hannah A, Tanya P, and Savannah V)

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Xenia (Deeyana R, Hannah A, Tanya P, and Savannah V)

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1. Xenia is the idea of hospitality in ancient Greece. People usually treated others well just in case they were gods disguised as mortals.

2. a) "Divine Calypso placed before him victuals and drink of men; then she sat down facing Odysseus, while her serving maids brought nectar and ambrosia to her side" (95-98). This demonstrates Xenia because Calypso's maids provided a feast for Odysseus and treated him well without being asked.

b) "They had to be treated with great courtesy before they could be asked to identify themselves and state their business" (895). In the kingdom of the Phaecians, they exhibited friendless from the moment Odysseus and his men arrived. Without any questions, King Alcinous presented the men with lots of food.

c) "Here we stand, beholden for your help, or any gifts you give- as custom is to honor strangers" (256-258). Odysseus is explaining the concept of Xenia to the Cyclops. Normally in Greece, Polyphemus would supply food and presents for his guests. However, the Cyclops does not obey, and he doesn't display Xenia to Odysseus and his men.

d) "She prepared a meal of cheese and barley and amber honey mixed with Pramnian wine, adding her own vile pinch" (566-568). Circe expressed hospitality by automatically making food by for the guests.

3. Xenia  is achieved well in all the stories except "The Cyclops". In this particular story, the Cyclops refused to help Odysseus and his men. His "gift" is choosing to kill Odysseus last. In the other stories, the host, such as Calypso, Circe, and King Alcinous, provide shelter and safety for their guests. By doing so, the characters exhibit Xenia properly.