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Why?
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Japan's greatest naval strategist, claimed that the US fleet in Hawaii was their greatest threat so they were determined to destroy the US fleet.

War?
In the morning of December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The Americans new the Japanese were going to attack they just didn't know when or where it would occur. In two hours, the Japanese had sunk or damaged 19 battleships, killed over 2,300 Americans and injured over 1,100 people. President Roosevelt declared that December 7, 1941 was "a date which will live in infamy." He then declared war on Japan and its allies.

US In?
Americans had cracked a code from one of the secret messages that the Japanese had sent which revealed their plans to attack Southeast Asia. This worried Americans because if the Japanese conquered European colonies, then they could also threaten the American-controlled Philippine Islands and Guam.

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Why?
After World War I, the Allies had removed the Polish Corridor from Germany territory to give Poland access to the sea. However, in 1939, Hitler demanded that the Polish Corridor was returned to Germany so he signed a nonaggression pact with Joseph Stalin and quickly planned to conquer Poland. Then his surprise attack took place on September 1, 1939 at dawn.

War?
Because of the attack, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939 but before those countries could make any military response, Poland had fallen under German control. The German invasion of Poland was the first test of Germany's newest military strategy, the blitzkrieg, or lightning war. It involved using fast-moving airplanes and tanks, followed by massive infantry forces to take the defender by surprise and in the case of Poland, it had succeeded.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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Why?
On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, visited the capital of Bosnia, Sarajevo, where they were shot by Gavrilo Princip, a 19-year-old Serbian member of the Black Hand. This happened because Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were the next heirs to the Austro-Hungarian throne but the Black Hand was a secret society that was committed to end Austrian rule in Bosnia.

War?
Austria used the murders as an excuse to punish Serbia and was not willing to negotiate so Austria declared war on Serbia. Serbia's ally, Russia, took action and began to mobilize troops toward the Austrian border. Russia also mobilized troops toward the German border because they expected Germany to join their ally, Austria, in the war. On August 1, the German government declared war on Russia which led to Russia relying on France for help. Two days later, Germany also declared war on France which was followed by Great Britain declaring war on Germany. Soon all of Europe was involved in the war.

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How was the US idea of punishing specific criminals while aiding its former enemies different from the Treaty of Versailles?

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How was the US idea of punishing specific criminals while aiding its former enemies different from the Treaty of Versailles?

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The Treaty of Versailles planned to demilitarize Germany by not allowing it to import or manufacture weapons or war material and it forbade Germany from building or buying submarines or have an air force. However, the US handled punishing criminals of World War II by burning and cremating the bodies of the Germans who were found guilty in a concentration camp where many victims were executed. The US also came up with plan that provided their former with things they needed to maintain their weakened economy.

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Armenian Genocide and Holocaust Similarities

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Armenian Genocide and Holocaust Similarities

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Similarities between the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust was the death count for both was well over 1,000,000

Both massacres were targeted toward mostly one specific group (Armenians and Jews)

Both of these genocides were lead and started by the government of the country. The Young Turks and Adolf Hitler both started the genocides.

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Armenian Genocide and Holocaust Similarities

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what factors were necessary for the allies to win . . . .  both times?

Technology-  tanks, planes, ships, and weapons.

Weather

Population

Resources

Better Planning

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What is it?
countries devoted all their resources to the war effort

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The death and destruction after the 6 year long war was immense. At the end of the war 60 million people were dead, and another 50 million were taken from their homes. The cost In the billions for many places.

Direct war cost                                 Deaths(military/civilian)
United States: $228 billion                292,131 / unknown
Great Britain: $117 billion                 273,311 / 60,595
France: $111.3 billion                         205,707 / 173,260
USSR: $93 billion                                 13,600,000 / 7,720,000
Germany: $212.3 billion                     3,300,000 / 2,893000
Japan: $41.3 billion                              1,140,429 / 953,000

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During the life span of the war many lives were lost due to the new technologies presented in this war. About 8.5 million soldiers were killed, and 21 million were wounded. There was also a large amount of civilian deaths.

Battlefield Deaths
United States: 116,000
Ottoman:  325,000
Italy: 650,000
British: 908,000
Austrian-Hungry: 1,200,000
France: 1,300,000
Russian: 1,700,000
Germany: 1,800,000

The total cost of the war was about $338 billion along with destroying acres of farmlands, homes, villages, and towns.

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In spring of 1918 influenza, commonly called the Spanish flu, threatened both sides of the war. Starting in England and India, the disease quickly spread through Europe, Russia, Asia, and the United States. The disease killed 12 million people in India alone. World wide it killed 20 million, making it deadlier than the war itself.

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January 30th, 1933, the Holocaust begins. The Holocaust the HUGE massacre of Jews, Soviet prisoners of war, the disabled, Jehovah's witnesses, and Gypsies. Many people ask why  did the Holocaust start? There are multiple reasons on why it started: Anti-Semitism, Propaganda to for the German people to follow their leaders, and the bad reputation they already had in Christianity fror killing Jesus. The biggest and worst concentration camps you could've been sent to was Auschwitsz. Divided into three parts, Auschwitz II - Birkenau was the base  extermination camp, even though they all had people wh o were authorized to kill, Auschwitz II had the most deaths. But in total, the death count was:

Jews:
x at least 1,100,000
Poles:
x over 140,000
Gypsies:
x 20,000
Soviet POW:
x over 10,000
Other:
x over 10,000

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Interwar- During World War 1 women gained new and exciting freedoms. This was due to their help in the war effort, which gave them the right to vote.   The right to vote lead to more liberties such as: wearing makeup, looser  articles of clothing, & shorter hairstyles. They were also able to drive, smoke, & drink in public.  After the war their suffrage became official in the U.S, Germany, Sweden, Britain & Austria. The women gained new jobs in various occupations, that were once exclusive to
men.

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'What is it?
The United Nations is an international organization that intended to protect the members against aggression.

Its ideal rights:

all humans beings are born, free, and equal in dignity and rights.

Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.

freedom of movement

freedom to publish and exchange information.

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The Versailles Treaty was meant to keep peace between Germany and The Allied Powers at the end of World War 1 but, it was flawed because the League of Nations decided to take away/forbid military aircraft, poison gas, naval units, reducing military power in Germany. A demilitarized Germany was left angry and this eventually led to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party getting approval of the German people getting rid of the "chains of Versailles", leading to World War 2.

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Main Provisions of the Versailles Treaty

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Main Provisions of the Versailles Treaty

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Territory:
Germany lost all its overseas colonies
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
Territory taken from Poland by Prussia in 18th century Partitions returned as part of the newly reconstituted Poland

Military:
Army limited to 100,000,with no conscription and no General Staff
German navy handed over to Britain
German navy limited to 15,000 men,no new warships over a certain size allowed
No u-boats
No tanks
No military air force
No chemical weapons
No fortifications for 31 miles east of the Rhine,or west of the Rhine at all

Reparations:
Germany to pay £6.6 billion for damage and losses to the Allies in WW1

Political:
Article 231 (the so called "war guilt" clause) stated "Germany and her Allies" (so NOT Germany alone) were wholly responsible for starting WW1

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The massacre of about 1.5 million Armenians This massacre was caused by the Young Turks government. The Young Turks three political figures: Mehmet Talaat, the Minister of Interior and Grand Vizier, Ismail Enver, the Minister of War, and Ahmed Jemal, the Minister of the Marine and the Military governor of Syria. And in order to escape justice, they escaped the countries.

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Axis powers : Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria
Allies: U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Yugoslavia.

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The Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy.
The Central Powers: Germany, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.

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Blitzkrieg warfare, or lightning war, was a strategy involving fast moving planes and tanks that were to drop air strikes and artillery. These were followed quickly by infantry forces. This strategy was meant to take enemies by surprise and overwhelm them. This strategy was successful against Poland.
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The new weapons introduced to this war were:
German Me 262
By 1944 German forces were using military war jets. The Me 262 is the only jet to be used all during world war II

Atomic Bomb
The atomic bomb was created by the United States. They dropped 2 bombs on Japan in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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In trench warfare, soldiers were to fight their opposing nation's army from trenches dug in the ground. This strategy resulted in huge loss of lives with little land gain. The area between both nation's trenches was called the "no man land" because the being in that area would most likely result in death. However staying inside the trenches wasn't completely safe either as enemy artillery could be devastating to the soldiers inside the trenches. Despite the almost certain death, leaders called charges for soldiers to go over the trench in order to get closer to the enemy. Didn't end well.
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New weapons introduced into the war included:
Poison gas
Gas was fist used by the Germans but both sides used various types of gases. Some gases caused blindness, blisters, or death.

Machine Gun
By WW1 the machine gun was vastly improved. The machine gun was capable of taking down a multitude of enemies much easier.

Tank
The vehicle, which was introduced by the British, moved on chain tracks that allowed it to move on various terrains.

Submarine
The main weapon in a submarine was a torpedo(missile). Submarines were effective against warships.

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Definition:  Deep devotion for ones nation.
In both of the World Wars Nationalism took great part in starting conflicts among  the Great Powers. Two of the main reasons being competition over territory, materials, & markets.   For example, one of Germany's purposes for expanding was to become great once more. After world War 1 , Germany's reputation was tarnished  & much was taken way from them with the Treaty of Versailles, which took land ,much restricted much of their army, & left them with a huge bill to pay. The country at that time was in dire need of  a patriotic uplift. And who rolls around just in time? Hitler. He gave speeches and moved crowds of German citizens by promising  new reform & a better Germany, & so it paves the path to World War 2

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Definition: a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy.  World War 1 imperialism gave encouragement to the colonization of other countries, such as Africa. This started a deadly feud, as nations would use their military to attack and conquer land they seek to obtain.Land meant power & gave greater pride toward to the citizen's back at the homeland.
For world War 2 Germany, Italy and Japan were all involved  Expansionism. The possible victims of the Axis Powers were not going to give up their home without a fight, which starts a domino effect leading to  the second  World War.

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Definition: a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

upside: resources, leadership, planning, military power

downside:  over powering dictators, enemy  control of ways of transportation, seen as new enemy by association

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Definition: The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared in case war.
Before World War 1 militarism was used during the end of Period 5, European nations would scuffle for parts of Africa to colonize. Militarism and imperialism went hand and hand , as the European countries needed  armies to defend and conquer territories they wished to acquire.
Militarism was used before WW2  when the Great Depression struck in Japan in 1929. The Japanese citizens during this year blamed the government for their nations bad predicament. Seeing their chance, the military leaders of Japan swooped in and took control of the Nation when it was at its most vulnerable. They made an army & set up a puppet government doing as they wished,  even seizing China's northeast province of Manchuria without the agreement of the Japanese Parliament .