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Japanese architecture is a combination between local and other influences. It has traditionally been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding doors (fusuma) were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space to be customized for different occasions.

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Japanese culture has evolved greatly from its origins. Contemporary culture combines influences from Asia, Europe and North America. The interaction between Japanese and European art has been significant: for example  ukiuo-e prints, which began to be exported in the 19th century in the movement known as Japonism, had a significant influence on the development of modern art in the West, most notably on post-Impressionism. Famous ukiyo-e artists include Hokusai and Hiroshige. Hokusai coined the term manga.

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Japan's population is estimated at around 127 million,with 80% of the population living on Honshu. Japanese society is linguistically and culturally homogeneous, composed of 98.5% ethnic Japanese, with small populations of foreign workers.
The most dominant native ethnic group is the Yamato people; primary minority groups include the indigenous Ainu and  Ryukyuan people, as well as social minority groups like the burakumin. In 2014, foreign-born non-naturalized workers made up only 1.5% of the total population. Most Japanese continue to see Japan as a  monocultural society.

Japan has the second longest overall life expectancy at birth of any country in the world: 83.5 years for persons born in the period 2010–2015.

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Japan is an island  nation in East Asia comprising a stratovolcanicarchipelago extending along the continent's Pacific coast. It lies between 24° to 46° north latitude and from 123° to 146° east longitude.  Japan  is southeast of the Russian  Far East, separated by the Sea of Okhotsk; slightly east of  Korea, separated by the Sea  of Japan; and east-northeast of China and Taiwan, separated by the East China Sea. The closest neighboring country to Japan is the Russian Federation.
The major islands, sometimes called the "Home  Islands", are (from north to south) Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku and Kyushu. There are 6,852 islands in total, including the Nansei  Islands, the Nanpo Islands and islets, with 430 islands being inhabited and others uninhabited. In total, as of 2006, Japan's territory is 377,923.1 km ²(145,916.9 sq mi), of which 374,834 km ² (144,724 sq mi) is land and 3,091 km ² (1,193 sq mi) water.

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The climate of Japan is predominantly temperate, but varies greatly from north to south. Japan's geographical features divide it into six principal climatic zones: Hokkaido, Sea of Japan, Central Highland, Seto Inland Sea , Pacific  Ocean, and Ryukyu  Islands. The northernmost zone, Hokkaido, has a  humid continental  climate with long, cold winters and very warm to cool summers. The average winter temperature in Japan is 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) and the average summer temperature is 25.2 °C (77.4 °F). The highest temperature ever measured in Japan 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) was recorded on August 16, 2007

In the Sea of Japan zone on Honshu's west coast, northwest winter winds bring heavy snowfall. In the summer, the region is cooler than the Pacific area, though it sometimes experiences extremely hot temperatures because of the foehn. The Central Highland has a typical inland humid continental climate, with large temperature differences between summer and winter seasons, as well as large diurnal variation; precipitation is light, though winters are usually snowy.