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Spanish missionary who, in 1769, founded 21 missions in California. He founded Mission San Diego, which was the first of the chain.

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Portuguese explorer and navigator who explored California in 1542 but did not find anything interesting.

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French explorer who, in the 1680's, was sent by the French on an expedition down the Mississippi River.

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Spanish conquistador who lead a Spanish group that traversed parts of Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico in the year 1598. In 1609, this group proclaimed the province of New Mexico and founded its capital, Santa Fe.

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Italian explorer under the services of the French king to explore the eastern seaboard of the United States in 1524.

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Also known as John Cabot, a Venetian explorer who explored the northeastern coast of North America in the years 1497 and 1498.

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The ruler of the Aztecs during the time of Cortes' invasion that believed Cortes to be the Aztec god named Quetzalcoatl.

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La Malinche was a woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast who was a translator during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire because she spoke both Mayan and Nahuatl, both languages of the Aztec.

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Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that annihilated the Aztec Empire in 1519.

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Spanish historian and social reformer known as the "Protector of the Indians." He was said to be against the idea of encomienda, describing it as "a moral pestilence invented by Satan."

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Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire in 1532. He killed the Incan emperor and claimed the Incan lands for Spain.

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Spanish explorer who, from 1539 to 1542, led the first European expedition through Florida and crossed the Mississippi River. He is also the first European known to cross the Mississippi River.

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Explored the pueblos of New Mexico and Arizona from 1540 to 1542. Francisco Coronado was a Spanish conquistador and explorer known for discovering the Grand Canyon and large herds of bison.

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Spanish explorer and conquistador whom, in 1513 and 1521, explored Florida in search of gold, even though many people believe he was in search of the Fountain of Youth.

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Portuguese explorer known for being the first to circumnavigate the world along with his crew in 1519. However, Magellan died in the Philippines, his crew and ship made it back to Europe in 1522.

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Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador whom crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513.

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Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer whom received three ships from Spain in order to sail west to search for a better route to India, however he was said to discover America in 1492.

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Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

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Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

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King and Queen of Spain whose marriage united the previously non-existing country.

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Portuguese explorer whom, in 1498, went to India and brought back possessions such as spices and jewels. Da Gama is known as the first European explorer to reach India by sea.

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Portuguese explorer who sailed around the tip of Africa in 1488. He went from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean and became the first European explorer to accomplish this. Dias was the one that opened the way for a sea route from Europe to Asia, making trade with Asia possible again since the on-land trading routes had been closed off by the Ottoman Empire.

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Marco Polo was said to have sailed to China in 1295. When he returned, he told many stories of the Asian culture and he brought back many resources and goods. He recorded all of his travels in a book called Livres des merveilles du monde.

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Group of Vikings that discovered America's present day Newfoundland in about 1000 A.D. However, they later left their discovered land due to the bad conditions. This group of Vikings also had their own gods that they worshiped as well as many mythological characters.

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From the northeastern part of the US, the Hiawatha were a group of Native Americans whom inspired the Iroquois.

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The largest Pre-Columbian settlement that was located north of Mexico. The Mississippian Settlement was home to about 40,000 people in 1100 A.D. and was located in Cahokia, which is known as East St. Louis, Illinois today.

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The Mound Builders were the Indians of the Ohio River Valley.They were around for a 5,000 year period and built many various mounds for the use of religious, ceremonial, burial, and residential purposes.

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The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture in Central Mexico from 1300-1521. The Aztec people were of a specific ethnic group in Mexico and generally spoke the Nahuatl language. They often offered human sacrifices to their gods. They also built many pyramids without the use of a wheel.