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Type of signals:

- continuous and discrete
- Analog and digital signals
- Energy and Power signals
- deterministic and probabilistic signals
- Even and odd signals
- Harmonic signal

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Deterministic signal is a signal with a known physical representation in either mathematical or graphical form. Probabilistic signal has only probabalistic representation such as mean value, roots mean square and etc.

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Muhammad amirnurrasyid I learnt about type of signal

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Muhammad amirnurrasyid I learnt about type of signal

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MD.HASIBUZZAMAN       I learnt from this class about signals & now I can identify a bit more.

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MD.HASIBUZZAMAN       I learnt from this class about signals & now I can identify a bit more.

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there are 13 types of signals that we learnt:
1. continuous
2. discrete
3. analog
4. digital
5. energy
6. power
7. deterministic
8. probabilistic
9. even
10. odd
11. harmonic
12. skew
13. hidden odd

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Harmonic signal is a signal or wave whose frequency is an integral multiple of the frequency of reference signal

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Azkiyyah Wahida bt Dzulkifli

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Continuous signal (eg : Oscilloscope Wave)

An oscilloscope displays several types of waves, which can be classified into sine waves, square and rectangular waves, step and pulse shapes, sawtooth and triangle waves, synchronous and asynchronous signals, periodic and non-periodic signals, and complex waves.

The basic wave shape, sine wave features harmonious mathematical properties similar to the sine shape studied in trigonometry class. Test signals generated by the signal generator’s oscillator circuit are often sine waves. Many AC (alternating current) power sources also generate sine waves.

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Energy signals are electrical signals that are finite in their duration, meaning it is time limited signals. It is non-periodic and amplitude becomes zero as time tends to infinity. Power of energy signal is zero.

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Harmonic frequency is multiplier of the main or basic frequency. it can be found in ameteur radio. The signal sources come from oscillar transmitter.

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Probabilistic Signal
It only has probabilistic  representation such as mean value and root mean square.
The value of this signal cannot be predicted accurately.
known as random signal
For Example : Noise in communication system

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Differences between even and odd signal

Signals are sometimes classified by their symmetry along the time axis relative to the origin, t = 0. Even signals fold about t = 0, and odd signals fold about t = 0 but with a sign change. Simply put,

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Harmonic signal

If a signal is periodic with frequency f, the only frequencies that make up the signal are integer multiples of f, which are f, 2f, 3f, 4f, etc. These frequencies are called harmonics. The first harmonic is f, the second harmonic is 2f, the third harmonic is 3f, and so on. The first harmonic (f) is also given a special name which is the fundamental frequency.

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Odd Signal:
A signal is odd if x(t) = -x(-t).
An odd signal must be 0 at t=0, in other words, odd signal passes the origin.

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Continuous Signal- eg:Sonar Signal

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HARMONIC SIGNAL

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Analog and Digital signal

Analog Signal

-signal with amplitude which can take any values in a continuous range

-Amplitude of an analog signal can be of infinite value

Digital Signal

-Signal can have amplitude with certain value only

-Amplitude of digital signal takes values from a discrete set

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For every signal almost harmonic frequency. It has odd and even harmonic frequency. In wireless and broadcasting, the transmitter used to emit minimum energy at harmonic frequency. Signal output at harmonic frequency can cause interfere if it is strong enough

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Analog signal is a signal with amplitude which can take any values in a continuous range. It can be infinite value.
Digital signal is amplitude with certain value only. It take a value from a discrete set

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ToPower signal is the signal with certain value of power and non zero

Power is the time average of energy

Power is useful when energy signal go to infinity

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Harmonic signal is a repeated signal

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Analog signal with amplitude witch can take any values in a continuous range. Amplitude of an analog single can be of infinite value.

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A digital signal refers to an electrical signal that is converted into a pattern of bits. Unlike an analog signal,which is a continuous signal that contains time-varying quantities, a digital signal as a discrete value at each sampling point.

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Mobile phones use microwave signals. The signals from the transmitting phones are reflected by metal surfaces and walls, and travel through the air to communicate with the nearest transmitter mast.

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Mobile phones use microwave signals. The signals from the transmitting phones are reflected by metal surfaces and walls, and travel through the air to communicate with the nearest transmitter mast.

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An energy signal has zero power, because energy is power integrated over all time. When you find the power in an energy signal, you have a finite energy divided by infinity. Thus zero.

For example, a non-rechargeable battery is an energy signal. It holds a finite amount of energy. It can supply some power only for a limited time, but if you compute the average power over your lifetime you will get a very small number.

A power signal is always adding some energy, so integrated over all time (to get energy) will give an infinite result.

For example, the sun is (an approximation of) a power signal. It radiates at a constant power. If you add the energy it gives off over your lifetime, you will get a very large number. For a better example, imagine a sun that exists for all time and never burns out. This sun would supply infinite energy when you add up its energy over all time.

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Interference of signal in analog usually will distort the signal, because the value will change drastically, on the other hand, even though interference will change the value of digital signal, it still within readable range hence distortion is eliminated

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One of characteristics of signal is symmetry that may be useful for signal analysis. Even signals are symmetric around vertical axis, and Odd signals are symmetric about origin.

Even Signal:
A signal is referred to as an even if it is identical to its time-reversed counterparts; x(t) = x(-t).

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System is signal process

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Deterministic signal
is a signal with known physical representation in either mathematical or graphical form

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Hidden odd signal
-the signal going up and no symmetry at horizontal signal because of DC value.

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Even signals are symmetric around vertical axis, and Odd signals are symmetric about origin. Even Signal: A signal is referred to as an even if it is identical to its time-reversed counterparts; x(t) = x(-t).

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Digital signal.. Digital signals are discrete time signals generated by digital modulation. Computers, CDs, DVDs, and other digital electronic devices

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Digital signal.. Digital signals are discrete time signals generated by digital modulation. Computers, CDs, DVDs, and other digital electronic devices

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-Square wave signal
-only has two levels, 1's and 0's
Djjd

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Energy signal is a signal which has certain value of energy. Energy is a measurement strength of signal. Energy is the area under the squared signal. For example, non-periodic signal and deterministic signal.

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Analog and Digital signal

Analog Signal

-signal with amplitude which can take any values in a continuous range

-Amplitude of an analog signal can be of infinite value

Digital Signal

-Signal can have amplitude with certain value only

-Amplitude of digital signal takes values from a discrete set

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Energy signal has a limited time while power signal is limitless

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Probabilistic signal which is in random signal form; etc noise in environment and thermal noise..

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Deterministic and probabilistic signal

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Digital signal

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Analog
Digital

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Continuous and Discrete signal

Continuous-time signal

- Signal with certain values for all values of time t.

Exp: Telephone output and video camera

Discrete -time signal

- Signal with certain values defined at certaib instants of time t.

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Deterministic signals : they have a relatively constant frequencyand level content over a long time period.

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Chai ying yee. Continuous time signal-signal with certain value for all value of time t

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Chai ying yee. Continuous time signal-signal with certain value for all value of time t

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-example is telephone output and video camera.

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Deterministic signal
-stationary signal
-have relative constant frequency and level content over one longtime period

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Energy signals have values only in the limited time duration, a signal having only one square pulse is energy signal, A signal that decays exponentially has finite energy, so, it is also an energy signal, The power of an energy signal is zero, because of dividing finite energy by infinite time.

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Probabilistic signals and deterministic signal
Dah belajar banyak2 jenis signal, nanti masuk simpang jgn lupa bagi signal$

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Deterministic signal
-behaviour of these signals is predictable with respect to time
-there is no uncertainty with respect to its value at any time

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Analog signal
•has amplitude that can take any value in a condition range.
•The amplitude can be of infinite value

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Discrete time signal
Independant of time variable
Takes on only discrete value
Can be calculated by multiplying continuose time signal with pulse

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Energy signal has a certain finite value while power signal goes to infinity and no standard pattern . Signal cannot possess both power and energy at the same time

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Periodic Signal
A signal f(t) is said to be periodic f(t)=f(t ± nt) where n is a periodic signal repeat itself every T seconds.

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Digital Signal
-Signal can have amplitude with certain value only.
-Amplitude of digital signal takes value from a discrete set.

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Sine waves
continuous signal
analogue