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Cold War Records | Newspapers & Articles

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The Cold War is a term used to describe a tense relationship primarily between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that never resulted in any direct warfare, but did result in many crises. Cold War records are mostly comprised...

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In 1969 the US and the USSR began the process of the strategic arms limitation to the number of nuclear weapons.

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What are the limitations
of evidence based practice?

Sometimes the best available evidence is not available. This is particularly the case with regard to novel management techniques or the implementation of new technologies. In such cases scientific evidence is not (yet) available and there are often too few organizational data to draw reliable and valid conclusions upon, which hinders the decision-making process and decreases the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

Another limitation is that the current management environment changes more rapidly than in the past, which limits the relevance and applicability of scientific and experiential evidence that was generated in an organizational context that was different than today's. In those cases we have no other option than to deal with the evidence we do have, and treat our organization as a prototype: systematically assess the outcome of the decisions we take through a process of constant experimentation, punctuated by critical reflection about which things work and which things doesn't (see Pfeffer and Sutton, 2010).

Another serious limitation is that practitioners need to develop new skills in seeking and appraising evidence, which takes considerable time and effort. Without these skills practitioners are prone to confirmation bias - seeing only the evidence that supports their personal experience and judgment.

Finally, some managers see evidence-based practice as a tool to reduce staff expenses: use the best available evidence to determine the best model or technique, hire young, inexpensive practitioners and equip them with an evidence-based protocol to guide their decisions. This would not only be a misuse of evidence-based practice but also suggest a fundamental misunderstanding of it's principles: evidence-based practice is not cook book management, but just one tool in the toolbox of knowledgeable practitioners. Evidence, especially in social sciences, is never conclusive. Knowledgeable practitioners make decisions not based on conclusive, up to date information, but on the best available evidence. We need the professional judgment and expertise of seasoned practitioners to determine whether the evidence is applicable, and if so, how. Therefore evidence-based practice is not likely to reduce costs in the short term, but it will help make managers better decisions, and as such make a significant contribution to the betterment of the organization in the long run.

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Limitations of Evidence-Based Practice " Center for Evidence Based Management

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What are the limitations of evidence based practice? Sometimes the best available evidence is not available. This is particularly the case with regard to novel management techniques or the implementation of new technologies.

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An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a surface-to-air missile designed to counter ballistic missiles (see missile defense). Ballistic missiles are used to deliver nuclear, chemical, biological or conventional warheads in a ballistic flight trajectory. These weapons were used to shoot down other missiles.

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Military & Intelligence
Get short URL

WASHINGTON (Sputnik) - At the outset of the Moscow's anti-terrorism campaign in Syria in October 2015, Russian guided missile ships deployed in the Caspian Seaired fired 26 long-range cruise missiles at a range of 1,000 miles, successfully hitting their 11 intended targets.

"We have long known that the Russians have cruise missiles, but this [Russia's recent actions in Syria] was our first opportunity to witness their operational use at such an extended range, a fact not lost on those who defend our US homeland," Todorov stated in an article addressing the cost of missile defense.

The Russian demonstration of capabilities raised the need for the United States to develop "Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) systems" to enhance the US response to "a range of threats - missile and air - and not just one domain or the other," Todorov explained.

In the past year, a key US cruise missile defense program, the Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor (JLENS), had its funding cut by the US Congress.

While conducting a test flight in October 2015, the system, a large blimp with missile sensors and surveillance capabilities, broke free of its tether causing widespread damage to homes and power lines.

Prior to having its funding cut, the program represented a $2.7 billion investment by the Department of Defense.

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Russian Long-Range Cruise Missiles Renew US Worries - Ex-Pentagon Official

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Russia's demonstration of long-range cruise missile capabilities during the military campaign in Syria has raised renewed concerns in Washington over US abilities to defend against all classes of missile threats, former US Missile Defense Agency Deputy Director Brig. Gen. Kenneth Todorov said on Monday.

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The american and soviet arms control agreements that would lead to an era of something very new, detente.

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From the mid-1960s the Cold War appeared to soften, with a gradual but noticeable easing of tensions between the US, USSR and some of their allies. This decade-long thaw in international relations is known by various names: in the West it is called detente, in Soviet Russia it was known as razryadka and in West Germany it was generally referred to as Ostpolitik. The period of detente produced better communications and a greater level of respect between the nuclear superpowers. did not end the Cold War, however it produced some significant achievements. The greater willingness to communicate led to arms reduction summits, the signing of anti-nuclear proliferation agreements and a reduction in nuclear arms stockpiles. There was new political recognition of communist nations, the most significant of which was Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to Maoist China. Detente also resulted in improved diplomatic communication, even some minor economic and trade agreements between East and West. Though the Cold War was far from over, detente was a period of mutual acceptance by both superpowers. Though their ideological and economic systems may have rendered them incompatible, they acknowledged that there had to be systems for communicating and working together.

There are different opinions about the nature and the true meaning of Cold War detente. To some, detente simply marked a normalisation in superpower relations; it became impossible for the superpowers to maintain the hostility and belligerence that had existed for a quarter-century. Some attribute this change in attitude to a change of leadership. In the first years of the Cold War, foreign policy had been defined by assertive ideologues like Stalin, Truman and John Foster Dulles. But by the late 1960s and early 1970s these men were long gone; they had been replaced by political pragmatists like Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev. Detente-era leaders had to wrestle with domestic issues as well as Cold War struggles; they came to believe that arms spending and direct confrontation was costly, dangerous and unpopular. Governments had to find new, more sophisticated and subtle ways of waging the Cold War. Raymond Garthoff supports this idea, suggesting that detente represented a change in methodology, not a 'winding down' of the Cold War:

"The agreements [of detente] cannot be said to have played any substantial role in affecting the course of the Cold War and its final settlement. They did not have any weakening effect on US or Western resolve or behaviour, as some critics had feared, nor can it be demonstrated that they moderated the pursuit of advantage ... as both continued to wage the Cold War. Detente was a more sophisticated and less belligerent way of waging the Cold War, rather than an alternative to it."

Some of the factors that contributed to the rise of detente include:

Fears about nuclear weapons. The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 triggered paranoia and public concern about the dangers of nuclear war. Over time, nuclear powers came under international pressure to reduce stockpiles of nuclear warheads and missile systems. Pressure groups like the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND, formed 1957) and Greenpeace (formed 1971) lobbied against the further production and proliferation of nuclear weapons. American stockpiles of nuclear weapons peaked at more than 30,000 in the mid-1960s, then slowly declined. In July 1968 the US, USSR and Great Britain signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty, an international agreement to limit the spread of nuclear weapons while working towards nuclear disarmament.

Economic factors. The Cold War arms race was a costly business for both the US and USSR. Both faced additional, though contrasting economic problems during the 1970s. America spent billions of dollars on its involvement in Vietnam, while the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil embargo of 1973 also led to disruptions in oil supply, higher fuel prices, a stockmarket slump and other detrimental effects on the US economy. The Soviet economy, which had grown rapidly through the 1950s and 1960s, began to stall after 1970. Of particular concern was a lack of growth in the agricultural sector, which caused food prices to increase by between 50 and 100 per cent. Having to prop up several failing Soviet bloc states placed additional strains on the Russian economy.

Domestic issues. During detente, both major powers were distracted by internal problems that drew attention away from foreign policy. In the US, domestic opposition to the Vietnam War and military casualties there deterred strong action against communism elsewhere in the world. America in the early 1970s was also distracted by the unfolding Watergate scandal, which ended in 1974 with the resignation of president Richard Nixon. The Soviet Union was preoccupied with economic problems, such as falling crop yields, internal opposition and problems within the Soviet bloc. Brezhnev dealt with opposition by winding back some of the liberal reforms implemented by Khrushchev, expanding the powers of the KGB and tightening press control and censorship.

The Sino-Soviet split. Through the 1960s, domestic political events and ideological differences caused the USSR and China to drift apart. By 1967 Moscow and Beijing were barely on speaking terms. Two years later, border clashes between Russian and Chinese soldiers threatened to plunge the two nuclear powers into a full-scale war. It was later revealed that Russia had more nuclear battle plans against China than against the US. American planners saw advantages in widening the Sino-Soviet split, which they did through both covert and diplomatic means, such as Richard Nixon's visit to China in 1972.

The 'German detente'. In West Germany, the 1969 election of Willy Brandt as chancellor heralded a new approach to the Cold War there. Brandt - more left-wing than previous West German leaders, though far from a communist - favoured rapprochement, or a re-establishing of friendly relations, with communist East Germany and other Soviet bloc nations. Brandt's foreign policy, called Ostpolitik, was a more practical and realistic approach to breaking down the divisions between the Soviet block and western Europe. The most important policy, Brandt argued, was to permit and encourage trade deals across the Berlin Wall with East Germany. He believed these new trade links would encourage greater communication and cultural exchange, making Soviet bloc nations less defensive and more open to reform. Brandt's Ostpolitik was very unpopular with conservatives, both in West Germany and internationally, however it was generally successful and played an important role in reducing European tensions. Ostpolitik also referred to a similar approach employed by Pope Paul VI and the Vatican, who also sought greater communication with the leaders of Soviet bloc nations.
Economic transformation
"In the early 1970s the Nixon administration claimed that the era 'of confrontation' with the Soviet Union was at an end, and that the era 'of negotiation' was beginning. In 1981 the Reagan administration came to office not with a commitment to negotiate with the Soviet Union but a promise to restore American strength and prestige. The 1970s were characterised by the incoming administration as a 'decade of neglect' in which the United States - seduced and blinded by detente and hampered by Vietnam and Watergate - had failed to provide for its own security."
Mike Bowker, historian

The onset of detente paved the way for several international visits and bilateral conferences. In 1972, with the Vietnam War still raging, US president Richard Nixon visited communist China, where he met the ailing Chinese dictator Mao Zedong. Nixon's trip surprised the world and set in motion the restoration of Sino-American diplomatic relations. Though some claimed the anti-communist Nixon had betrayed his own political values, most Americans were weary of the Vietnam War and supported improved relations with China. Nixon's visit also caused some nervousness in the Kremlin; the one thing Soviet politicians feared was a US-China alliance. In May 1972, Nixon followed his visit to China with a state visit to Moscow. He conducted extensive meetings with Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, signing trade agreements as well as two treaties to reduce arms manufacture. Nixon returned to the USSR in 1974, while Brezhnev himself visited the US in 1973.

The advances of detente continued through the 1970s. In August 1975, the US, USSR and 33 other nations signed the Helsinki Accords, a non-binding agreement aimed at enhancing relations between communist nations and the West. There were also several Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) held during the 1970s, resulting in two weapons-reduction agreements: SALT I (1972) and SALT II (1979). Other multilateral treaties, both signed by the US and USSR, outlawed biological weapons production and limited numbers of ballistic missiles (both 1972). In 1975 the Space Race came to an end, with the launching of the Apollo-Soyuz project, the first joint American-Soviet space mission. The Soviet Union also increased its trade with the West, importing large amounts of American grain to offset the slump in its own agricultural production. Soviet imports of Western consumer goods also increased sharply, doubling by 1979.

1. Detente was a period of improved relations between the superpowers, leading to less hostility and confrontation.
2. The causal factors for detente included domestic concerns, nuclear fears and pragmatic political leadership.
3. Detente produced better communication, including nuclear reduction treaties and Nixon's 1972 visit to China.
4. It also eased tensions in Europe, chiefly through the Ostpolitik trade policies of West Germany's Willy Brandt.
5. Detente did not end the Cold War, which continued behind the scenes in proxy conflicts such as Vietnam - however it reduced the risk of a direct confrontation between the US and USSR.

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From the mid-1960s the Cold War appeared to soften, with a gradual but noticeable easing of tensions between the US, USSR and some of their allies. This decade-long thaw in international relations is known by various names: in the West it is called detente, in Soviet Russia it was known as razryadka and in West Germany it was generally referred to as Ostpolitik.

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If there are more bombers, there will be less space for peace and white doves.
- Nikita Khrushchev

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Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April 1894 - 11 September 1971) was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964.

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The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War.

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Cold War Nuclear Arms Race , a timeline made with Timetoast's free interactive timeline making software.

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"peace is not the absence of a conflict, it is an ability to handle the conflict with peaceful means"
- Ronald Reagan

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Introduction

Ronald Reagan (1911-2004), a former actor and California governor, served as the 40th U.S. president from 1981 to 1989. Raised in small-town Illinois, he became a Hollywood actor in his 20s and later served as the Republican governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Dubbed the Great Communicator, the affable Reagan became a popular two-term president. He cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets and is credited with helping to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. Reagan, who survived a 1981 assassination attempt, died at age 93 after battling Alzheimer's disease.

Ronald Reagan's Childhood and Education

Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois, to Edward "Jack" Reagan (1883-1941), a shoe salesman, and Nelle Wilson Reagan (1883-1962). The family, which included older son Neil Reagan (1908-1996), resided in an apartment that lacked indoor plumbing and running water and was located along the small town's main street. Reagan's father nicknamed him Dutch as a baby, saying he resembled "a fat little Dutchman."

Did You Know?

Among the items on display at Ronald Reagan's presidential library in California is a 6,000-pound graffiti-covered section of the Berlin Wall, given to him by the people of Berlin.

During Reagan's early childhood, his family lived in a series of Illinois towns as his father switched sales jobs, then settled in Dixon, Illinois, in 1920. In 1928, Reagan graduated from Dixon High School, where he was an athlete and student body president and performed in school plays. During summer vacations, he worked as a lifeguard in Dixon.

Reagan went on to attend Eureka College in Illinois, where he played football, ran track, captained the swim team, served as student council president and acted in school productions. After graduating in 1932, he found work as a radio sports announcer in Iowa.

Ronald Reagan's Hollywood Career and Marriages

In 1937, while in Southern California to cover the Chicago Cubs' spring training season, Ronald Reagan did a screen test for the Warner Brothers movie studio. The studio signed him to a contract, and that same year he made his film debut in "Love is on the Air," playing a radio news reporter. Over the next three decades he appeared in more than 50 movies. Among his best-known roles was that of Notre Dame football star George Gipp in the 1940 biographical film "Knute Rockne All American." In the movie, Reagan's famous line-which he is still rememberd for-was "Win one for the Gipper." Another notable role was in 1942 in "Kings Row," in which Reagan portrayed an accident victim who wakes up to discover his legs have been amputated and cries out, "Where's the rest of me?" (Reagan used this line as the title of his 1965 autobiography.)

In 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman (1917-2007), with whom he had daughter Maureen (1941-2001) and an adopted son, Michael (1945-). The couple divorced in 1948 (Reagan is the only U.S. president to have been divorced). In 1952, he married actress Nancy Davis (1921-). The pair had two children, Patricia (1952-) and Ronald (1958-).

During World War II (1939-1945), Reagan was disqualified from combat duty due to poor eyesight and spent his time in the Army making training films.

From 1947 to 1952, and from 1959 to 1960, he served as president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), during which time he testified in front of the House Un-American Activities Committe ( HUAC). From 1954 to 1962, he hosted the weekly television drama series "The General Electric Theater." In this role, he toured the United States as a public relations representative for General Electric, giving pro-business talks in which he spoke out against too much government control and wasteful spending, central themes of his future political career.

Golden State Governorship and Bid for the Presidency

In his younger years, Ronald Reagan was a member of the Democratic Party and campaigned for Democratic candidates; however, his views grew more conservative over time, and in the early 1960s he officially became a Republican.

In 1964, Reagan stepped into the national political spotlight when he gave a well-received televised speech for Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater (1909-1998), a prominent conservative. Two years later, in his first race for public office, Reagan defeated Democratic incumbent Edmund "Pat" Brown Sr. (1905-1996) by almost 1 million votes to win the governorship of California. Reagan was reelected to a second term in 1970.

After making unsuccessful bids for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 and 1976, Reagan received his party's nod in 1980. In that year's general election, he and running mate George H.W. Bush (1924-) faced off against President Jimmy Carter (1924-) and Vice President Walter Mondale (1928-). Reagan won the election by an electoral margin of 489-49 and captured almost 51 percent of the popular vote. At age 69, he was the oldest person elected to the U.S. presidency.

1981 Inauguration and Assassination Attempt

Ronald Reagan was sworn into office on January 20, 1981. In his inaugural address, Reagan famously said of America's then-troubled economy, "In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem."

After the more informal Carter years, Reagan and his wife Nancy ushered in a new era of glamour in the nation's capital, which became known as Hollywood on the Potomac. The first lady wore designer fashions, hosted numerous state dinners and oversaw a major redecoration of the White House.

Just over two months after his inauguration, on March 30, 1981, Reagan survived an assassination attempt by John Hinckley Jr. (1955-), a man with a history of psychiatric problems, outside a hotel in Washington, D.C. The gunman's bullet pierced one of the president's lungs and narrowly missed his heart. Reagan, known for his good-natured humor, later told his wife, "Honey, I forgot to duck." Within several weeks of the shooting, Reagan was back at work.

Ronald Reagan's Domestic Agenda

On the domestic front, President Ronald Reagan implemented policies to reduce the federal government's reach into the daily lives and pocketbooks of Americans, including tax cuts intended to spur growth (known as Reaganomics). He also advocated for increases in military spending, reductions in certain social programs and measures to deregulate business.

By 1983, the nation's economy had started to recover and enter a period of prosperity that would extend through the rest of Reagan's presidency. Critics maintained that his policies led to budget deficits and a more significant national debt; some also held that his economic programs favored the rich.

In 1981, Reagan made history by appointing Sandra Day O'Connor (1930-) as the first woman to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Ronald Reagan and Foreign Affairs

In foreign affairs, Ronald Reagan's first term in office was marked by a massive buildup of U.S. weapons and troops, as well as an escalation of the Cold War (1946-1991) with the Soviet Union, which the president dubbed "the evil empire." Key to his administration's foreign policy initiatives was the Reagan Doctrine, under which America provided aid to anticommunist movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In 1983, Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a plan to develop space-based weapons to protect America from attacks by Soviet nuclear missiles.

Also on the foreign affairs front, Reagan sent 800 U.S. Marines to Lebanon as part of an international peacekeeping force after Israel invaded that nation in June 1982. In October 1983, suicide bombers attacked the Marine barracks in Beirut, killing 241 Americans. That same month, Reagan ordered U.S. forces to lead an invasion of Grenada, an island in the Caribbean, after Marxist rebels overthrew the government. In addition to the problems in Lebanon and Grenada, the Reagan administration had to deal with an ongoing contentious relationship between the United States and Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi (1942-).

During his second term, Reagan forged a diplomatic relationship with the reform-minded Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-), who became leader of the Soviet Union in 1985. In 1987, the Americans and Soviets signed a historic agreement to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles. That same year, Reagan spoke at Germany's Berlin Wall, a symbol of communism, and famously challenged Gorbachev to tear it down. Twenty-nine months later, Gorbachev allowed the people of Berlin to dismantle the wall. After leaving the White House, Reagan returned to Germany in September 1990-just weeks before Germany was officially reunified-and took several symbolic swings with a hammer at a remaining chunk of the wall.

1984 Reelection and Iran-Contra Affair

In November 1984, Ronald Reagan was reelected in a landslide, defeating Walter Mondale and his running mate Geraldine Ferraro (1935-), the first female vice-presidential candidate from a major U.S. political party. Reagan, who announced it was "morning again in America," carried 49 out of 50 states in the election and received 525 out of 538 electoral votes, the largest number ever won by an American presidential candidate.

Ronald Reagan's Later Years

After leaving the White House in January 1989, Ronald Reagan and his wife returned to California, where they lived in Los Angeles. In 1991, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum opened in Simi Valley, California.

In November 1994, Reagan revealed in a handwritten letter to the American people that he had been recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Nearly a decade later, on June 5, 2004, he died at his Los Angeles home at age 93, making him the nation's longest-lived president (in 2006, Gerald Ford surpassed him for this title). Reagan was given a state funeral in Washington, D.C., and later buried on the grounds of his presidential library.

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Ronald Reagan - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com

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Ronald Reagan (1911-2004), a former actor and California governor, served as the 40th U.S. president from 1981 to 1989. Raised in small-town Illinois, he became a Hollywood actor in his 20s and later served as the Republican governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Dubbed the Great Communicator, the affable Reagan became a popular two-term president.

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On the the day of 08/29/1949, the USSR sen its first atomic bomb. It was sent to the Semipalatinsk test site in Kazakhstan. This launched the cold war. The arms race became the main focus of the Cold War. The US tested its first hydrogen bomb in 1952. And beating the russians in the creation of the super bomb.

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Nuclear Bomb Wallpapers - Wallpaper Cave

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Tons of awesome nuclear bomb wallpapers to download for free. You can also upload and share your favorite nuclear bomb wallpapers. HD wallpapers and background images

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The cold war was between 2 alliances. It was The russians and the americans. And heir 2 alliances.

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johns hopkins school of advanced international studies

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jenny town (jennytown@gmail.com) foreign policy

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China-USA Flags | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea

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Old flags of China and the United States 38201610103116

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The russians will end up getting new weapons

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The russians will end up getting new weapons

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They were seen as a threat to the balance of terror in society.

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AWAD MUSTAFA ABU DHABI // The State Department has approved a possible Foreign Military Sale to Saudi Arabia for Patriot Advanced Capability-3

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The first nuclear weapon was created by the U.S. during the Second World War and was developed to be used against the Axis powers

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Long an open secret, the U.S. government has for the first time officially acknowledged that nuclear weapons were stored on Okinawa during the Cold War.

In a statement on the Department of Defense's Open Government website, the Pentagon revealed Friday "that U.S. nuclear weapons were deployed on Okinawa prior to Okinawa's reversion to Japan on May 15, 1972."

The Defense Department statement also acknowledged "that the U.S. government conducted internal discussion and discussions with Japanese government officials regarding the possible re-introduction of nuclear weapons onto Okinawa in the event of an emergency or crisis situation."

Although widely known - various accounts and documents of a secret deal had previously shed light on the storage of atomic weapons on the islands both before and after Okinawa's reversion - the issue had been controversial because Japanese leaders and U.S. officials had consistently denied the presence of such weapons within Japanese territory.

In a 1967 address to the Diet, Prime Minister Eisuke Sato introduced the nation's Three Non-Nuclear Principles, which, reflecting public sentiment, have guided the country's nuclear policy since.

The three principles, which helped Sato win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1974, stated that Japan shall neither possess nor manufacture nuclear weapons, nor shall it permit their introduction into Japanese territory.

The National Security Archive at George Washington University said in a posting Friday that "however welcome the release may be, its significance is somewhat tempered by the astonishing fact that U.S. Air Force photographs of nuclear weapons on the island have been publicly available for over 25 years."

The nongovernmental group posted several photos, which were originally released in 1990 from U.S. Air Force collections at the National Archives and Records Administration. The photos had apparently gone unnoticed until now.

Okinawa remains home to a large number of U.S. military bases, and has been the site of recent protests over the transfer of U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, which has dominated headlines over the past year.

Japan is the only nation to have been attacked with nuclear weapons. The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 killed an estimated 200,000 people and, ultimately, led to the Japan's surrender in World War II.

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In first, U.S. admits nuclear weapons were stored in Okinawa during Cold War | The Japan Times

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Long an open secret, the U.S. government has for the first time officially acknowledged that nuclear weapons were stored on Okinawa during the Cold War. In a statement on the Department of Defense's Open Government website, the Pentagon revealed Friday "that U.S. nuclear weapons were deployed on Okinawa prior to Okinawa's reversion to Japan on May 15, 1972."