# data[].attributes.headline
using the lid as an opportunity to have a pop of colour

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using the lid as an opportunity to have a pop of colour

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I really enjoyed the researching phase and exploring charities and cultures. but i did struggle to narrow down an idea and to express the concept. however, im really happy with the outcome of the glass. i feel like its effective at appealing to a professional background and at sending a strong message.

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Somalia Water Shortage Update, 23 April 2022 - Somalia

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Situation Report in English on Somalia about Water Sanitation Hygiene, Drought, Flash Flood and more; published on 23 Apr 2022 by UNICEF and WASH Cluster

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As the water crisis in Somalia continues so too does the threat to all Somalian lives. The country, alongside neighboring regions, is experiencing the most severe drought in 40 years and, with the April to May rains predicted to be at subnormal levels, the situation is only likely to worsen. To attribute the dire conditions and water supply issues to the current drought would be an oversimplification. Levels of rain largely impact any water supply, particularly in Somalia, which is part desert and has only two permanent rivers. But, one needs to consider the systemic failings alongside this in order to fully understand the gravity of the situation that prevails in Somalia.

A Lack of Resources and Regulation

According to the Somalia Water Shortage Update, by April 23, 2022, an estimated 4.2 million people in Somalia faced "severe water shortages." The civil war, which has now raged for three decades, has had a profound impact on the country's water systems with a lack of governance and regulation in place to coordinate and/or advance any existing framework.

The WHO-UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2019 - SDG report said, "40% of existing water sources are non-functional," resulting in shortages across the country. "Weak water supply management models" and the high costs of operating and maintaining water systems stand as some of the reasons behind the lack of functional water sources.

At the government level, there is a lack of accountability, which makes planning and regulation impossible. As researcher Mourad Khaldoon notes in a study published in 2022, "Somalia is not a water-scarce country, it lacks good water governance."

The continued civil unrest and humanitarian crises put further strain on an already strained system. The ongoing conflict has led to the internal displacement of about 3 million people in Somalia. This has led to the overuse of groundwater pumps and increased strain on infrastructure, leaving those in search of water found wanting. The hefty water costs of more than a dollar per cubic meter and the long distances individuals must travel to obtain water, along with the potential contamination of water, continue to be the greatest challenges for the poorest.

Water Contamination in Somalia

Without sufficient supply, desperation takes hold and those in need are reduced to conditions that leave them vulnerable to illness. The connection between supply and sanitation is important to consider. As supply decreases, the already limited resources are shared, resulting in water contamination. Somalia's greatest source of water, accounting for 80%, is groundwater. But, groundwater is subjected to high levels of pollution due to a number of factors, including the extensive use of pit latrines and shallow underground tanks; high rates of open defecation; livestock and humans sharing the same water points and inappropriate wastewater disposal.

Surveys conducted in 2019 at water points by the UNICEF Somalia Country office indicated "high levels of fecal contamination in water supplies at source, point of collection and point of use." Without any robust measures in place to regulate the quality of water, the spread of disease is inevitable. Similarly, a lack of education about sanitation further compounds existing issues as at-risk communities lack insight into water contamination and the risks of consuming such water.

The Humanitarian Impact

The WHO says, "No intervention has greater overall impact upon national development and public health than the provision of safe drinking water and proper disposal of human waste," the Muslim Hands website highlights.

The continued drought in Somalia only serves to heighten the existing water crisis in Somalia. A water assessment published in 2019 with the support of UNICEF highlighted that 2.7 million people required humanitarian aid in the form of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) support. Specifically, one-third of households reported a lack of "sufficient drinking water" and about half reported a lack of access to improved latrines, improved water sources and soap.

Thirst is forcing people to make perilous journeys displacing the population while a lack of resources and sanitation are increasing the risk of contracting easily preventable diseases. As these conditions continue, the country continues to fall into further poverty, and while rain is unlikely to provide a long-term solution for Somalians, it would at least provide some level of hope to those suffering most.

UNICEF's Response in Somalia

UNICEF's response to the water crisis in Somalia is comprehensive. UNICEF provides the Somali government with support to establish sustainable water systems and helps improve access to toilets while encouraging proper hygiene practices in communities and an end to open defecation. UNICEF also helps the government to link more education facilities to clean water supplies. Additionally, UNICEF is helping the country to maintain and rehabilitate water and sanitation systems, among other efforts.

Humanitarian efforts by organizations such as UNICEF will continue to support Somalia in its water crisis be it through emergency water supplies and practical maintenance or education while The Borgen Project continues to foster upstream change through advocacy, appealing for more U.S. attention to the water crisis in Somalia.

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A Closer Look at the Water Crisis in Somalia - The Borgen Project

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As the water crisis in Somalia continues so too does the threat to all Somalian lives. The country, alongside neighboring regions, is experiencing the most severe drought in 40 years and, with the April to May rains predicted to be at subnormal levels, the situation is only likely to worsen.

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i wanted glass bottles because theyre easy to recycle for the company, as well as looking higher quality. they could also be reusable for the consumer at home

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i wanted glass bottles because theyre easy to recycle for the company, as well as looking higher quality. they could also be reusable for the consumer at home

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i thought it was interesting how efficient and quickly people wanted a service and to get to where they wanted to be.

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i thought it was interesting how efficient and quickly people wanted a service and to get to where they wanted to be.

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interesting view and value of water.

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Summary

A biography of the strangest molecule in the universe. Alok Jha takes the most every day of subjects - water - and explodes it into a story that takes us from the Big Bang to the latest developments of modern science

The Water Book Summary

The Water Book by Alok Jha

Water is the most every day of substances. It pours from our taps and falls from the sky. We drink it, wash with it, and couldn't live without it. Yet, on closer examination it is also a very strange substance (it is one of only a very small number of molecules which expand when cooled). Look closer again and water reveals itself as a key to a scientific story on the biggest of canvases.

Water is crucial to our survival - life depends on it - but it was also fundamental in the origins of life on Earth. The millions of gallons of water which make up our rivers, lakes and oceans, originated in outer space. How it arrived here and how those molecules of water were formed, is a story which takes us back to the beginning of the universe. Indeed, we know more about the depths of space than we do about the furthest reaches of the oceans.

Water has also shaped the world we live in. Whether it is by gently carving the Grand Canyon over millennia, or in shaping how civilisations were built; we have settled our cities along rivers and coasts. Scientific studies show how we feel calmer and more relaxed when next to water. We holiday by the seas and lakes. Yet one day soon wars may be fought over access to water.

The Water Book will change the way you look at water. After reading it you will be able to hold a glass of water up to the light and see within it a strange molecule that connects you to the origins of life, the birth (and death) of the universe, and to everyone who ever lived.

The Water Book Reviews

It delights again and again because, as in all the best science writing, the tale is stranger and more curious than one could ever imagine - Guardian

One of the brightest young science writers around . . . He belongs to a select band of science communicators, and knows his science at a deep level and can put it across. - The Independent

About Alok Jha

Alok Jha is a journalist and broadcaster based in London. He is science correspondent for ITN and, before that, was science correspondent at the Guardian. He has presented science programmes for BBC2 and BBC Radio 4. Alok received a science-writing award from the American Institute of Physics in 2014, was named European Science Writer of the year in 2008, and has been shortlisted for feature writer of the year at the annual Association of British Science Writers awards.

Additional information

null null null null null null null null null null

Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.

This is a used book - there is no escaping the fact it has been read by someone else and it will show signs of wear and previous use. Overall we expect it to be in very good condition, but if you are not entirely satisfied please get in touch with us

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A biography of the strangest molecule in the universe. Alok Jha takes the most every day of subjects - water - and explodes it into a story that takes us from the Big Bang to the latest developments of modern science The Water Book Summary Water is the most every day of substances.

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i found that people wanted to trust charities but didnt, and are more likely to donate if they feel empathetic.

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i ended up picking this wordmark because its clear and rounded, it feels relaxing and trust worthy, like a warm poke that this is the clear path.

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i ended up picking this wordmark because its clear and rounded, it feels relaxing and trust worthy, like a warm poke that this is the clear path.

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mocking the label on the back, and tone of voice. through the manifesto and the companies background

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mocking the label on the back, and tone of voice. through the manifesto and the companies background

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business cards to be used for events, and to express the professional sense of the brand. it wants to be taken seriously and used for events.

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business cards to be used for events, and to express the professional sense of the brand. it wants to be taken seriously and used for events.

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where the consumer will be buying their drinks with their meal deal, this will be the first glance at the company. to hopefully gain curiousity

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where the consumer will be buying their drinks with their meal deal, this will be the first glance at the company. to hopefully gain curiousity

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key things to focus and consider;

1. tone of language on bottle, minimal but direction
2. materials; recycling - information provided on bottle
3. layout
4. shape of bottle and lid

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i like the layout of writing but i dont think the lid works, its too casual and unprofessional and not what the brand stands for.

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this doesnt feel high quality enough

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the sideways writing makes it clearer to read, leaving more whitespace makes it feel more minimal

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the sideways writing makes it clearer to read, leaving more whitespace makes it feel more minimal

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experimenting with font, lowercase seems more like a chat between two friends, not a forceful gesture like a shout

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experimenting with font, lowercase seems more like a chat between two friends, not a forceful gesture like a shout

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experimenting with ways to represent clear, in a simple but readable way

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experimenting with ways to represent clear, in a simple but readable way

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A direct and simple approach at sending a message to the audience.

'This is 700 litres of water' is designed to make it obvious to the consumer that them purchasing this bottle, is actually purchasing more for someone else

being direct with tone of voice, saying 'This is" makes it a no brainer for the consumer

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I live really locally to resturants and cultural practise events in East London. I think it's important to experience culture and immerse into new experiences.

Restaurants near me;

a) Very friendly and Welcoming service
b) Interesting mix of sweet and savoury foods, i really enjoyed eating the bananas with savoury rice and meet
c)

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yes theory 'the forgotten country'

Through watching this video i did see somalia and somalialand in a new light. it was really interesting to see interviews with citizens of the country in todays world, and from the perspective of a guest visiting to see the culture for the first time.

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50 Hours in African Country that Doesn't Exist on a Map

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i have been brainstorming the best ways for the brand to be clear and transparent through everything they do, in the most clear way.

i started thinking about how making everything clear and transparent through the process of the water being distributed physically, and shown in.

i considered how using clear transport so that the audience can see the products being transported to their stores, and abroad. this is also a good publicity stunt as it would spread awareness of the brand.

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transparent bottles, vehicles and process 

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transparent bottles, vehicles and process 

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creating something high quality and professional that is considered quite normal

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creating something high quality and professional that is considered quite normal

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experimenting with simple ways to show the meaning of the brand, i drew these water droplets that intent to sent a tone thats fresh and simple - i want to experiment with manipulating this with text 

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experimenting with simple ways to show the meaning of the brand, i drew these water droplets that intent to sent a tone thats fresh and simple - i want to experiment with manipulating this with text 

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Simple logos that send a message and set a tone

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Simple logos that send a message and set a tone

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i wanted to find a font which felt professional but also clear and readable. the messaged needs to send the message, and there isnt need for distractions. the thinner fonts work better because they feel more simplistic.

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i wanted to find a font which felt professional but also clear and readable. the messaged needs to send the message, and there isnt need for distractions. the thinner fonts work better because they feel more simplistic.

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lighter weight fonts feel more polite, i dont want to be shouting at the consumer

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lighter weight fonts feel more polite, i dont want to be shouting at the consumer

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Clear is all about transparency and making a real impact. They believe that everyone should have access to clean water, especially those affected by civil war, with a current focus on Somalia. We're is committed to ensuring that 100% of profits go directly towards providing clean water solutions and supporting war-torn communities. We prioritise transparency, accountability, and social responsibility, allocating funds efficiently and constantly evaluating projects for maximum impact. By partnering with governments, NGOs, and local communities, Clear aims to empower individuals, promote self-reliance, and create sustainable change. Their goal is to raise awareness about the water crisis in war-affected regions and inspire action, ultimately building a future where everyone has access to clean water.

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How much water does Somalia need?

Somalia is a water scarce country with approximately 411 m3 of renewable fresh water per capita as of 2017 (World Bank, 2020). This is a staggering decline over time from 2 087 m3 in 1962 (ibid) which is far below the UN recommended threshold of 1 000 m3 per capita per year.7 Oct 2021

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'THIS IS 700 LITRES OF WATER' on a 330ml bottle of water
'all profits go to countries impacted by civil war right now'

simple and direct terminology. clear and direct way of telling someone that they're buying water for someone else

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SEE
(see the different and sea for water)
this concept aims to show the different it makes, through keeping you updated on the funds and maps through technology on your phone.

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created by children of somalia,

this concept is designed to play on the sympathy from the audience. having messages and hand drawn drawings to set the scene of where help is needed and to draw the consumer into the story.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7eLwLeNLt8

video about somalialand where they speak of somalia and original culture before and during civil war.

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50 Hours in African Country that Doesn't Exist on a Map

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clear water
transparency

other words for transparent;
obvious

explicit

clear
lucid

apparent

blatant

visible

noticeable

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have the whole concept around transparency

'clear water'

QR CODE to tell the story; say how much is raised and what is happening with the money

minimalist and quick decisions, clear message

recyclable packaging, plastic. maybe an interesting shape bottle, or a recognisable logo

campaign ideas to spread the word, 'if you know, you know'

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we aim to create a no brainer option for people to make a direct impact to improving lives.

working together with our consumers, to make a visible impact.

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Mark has always been a high earner and managing people with respected companies. He finds himself using his own disposable income to support causes he cares about, because of his struggling background.

He decides to start a non profitable water bottle brand, designed to be a more convenient and appealing way for people to donate. Because of his personal background to somalia he wants all profits to go to helping countries going through or impacted by civil war, with a current focus on somalia.

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the simple way to donate

the charity that does it for you

- charity which gives 100% of profits back into the cause, see the difference and be the difference.

why complicate it?

small decisions, big impact

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100% non profitable; to overcome stigma behind not trusting charities and to ensure people know where the money is going

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simple way to help, the charity which gives back

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simple way to help, the charity which gives back

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an quick and simple way to donate; give a bottle, by grabbing a bottle

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an quick and simple way to donate; give a bottle, by grabbing a bottle

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i really wanted to create a brand which stands for positive change, being a designer holds a lot of power to create things for positive change. i would love to steer this project into the direction of a charity which makes basic human needs more accessible to people.

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i often see people being confrontational when asking charity raisers where their money is going, and what they're actually raising for

lots of people worry that the donations just go towards the charity workers income

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emotional impact on person watching;

key information portrayed;

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survey was given out to people with middle to high income who work in corporate jobs; London based

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survey was given out to people with middle to high income who work in corporate jobs; London based

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https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/PX9ZWWM

from this survey i wanted to see what people care about and their perspective of charities.

findings;

People don't

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Web survey powered by SurveyMonkey.com. Create your own online survey now with SurveyMonkey's expert certified FREE templates.

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through my research i have found that people feel more inclined to donate when they feel sympathetic towards the cause; this means bridging the distance between two types of people

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through my research i have found that people feel more inclined to donate when they feel sympathetic towards the cause; this means bridging the distance between two types of people

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i decided to observe peoples behaviour around the business locations in london, such as liverpool street (known for big offices such as BT). Here i watched people to see their behaviours, expressions and what they decided to do with their lunch break.

it was clear that they had little time, and quickly wanted food.

people were mainly on their own as they wanted the time to themselves after being sociable at work.

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"five reasons to give to charity"

1. giving to charity makes you feel good
2. strengthens personal values
3. giving is more impactful
4. Giving can reintroduce friends and family to the importance of generosity
5. Giving to charity builds and strengthens community

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when thinking about water, initially i think of water shortages and how much of a privilege clean water is.

filtered water

clean water

filtered showering water

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https://revisesociology.com/2021/03/03/ongoing-wars-and-conflicts-in-the-world-today/

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It is sad to say, but there are currently ongoing wars or minor conflicts in around three dozen countries, most of them in the Middle East, North West Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and a major ongoing drug-war in Mexico.

Wikipedia lists around 40 ongoing wars and conflicts with over 100 combat deaths in 2020 or 2021. NB Wikipedia is a useful starting point for this topic as it provides us with a statistical and historical overview which is relatively easy to understand, but keep in mind that you'll need to verify sources and check up on how valid the data is!.

Map of Conflicts in the world today

See (1) below for source

Wiki categorises ongoing conflicts as follows:

Major wars, with over 10 000 direct conflict deaths in the current or previous year - there are three of these: in Afghanistan, Yemen and the Tigray conflict in Sudan/ Ethiopia.

Minor wars, with 1000 to 9999 deaths in the current or past year - there are around 12 of these.

Minor Conflicts, with 100 to 999 deaths in the current or past year - around a further two dozen fall into this category.

They also list 'minor skirmishes' which have resulted in 1 to 99 deaths.

A point of note is that the Mexican Drug War actually had the highest death toll in 2020 - with over 50 000 deaths, but it's not classified as a 'major war' because most of those deaths are murders rather than as a result of direct armed conflict between the drugs gangs and the Mexican armed forces.

Examples of recent and ongoing conflicts (list taken from Wiki)

It would be worth spending some time exploring some of these conflicts to get a feel for their differences and similarities.

But even if you don't do any 'deeper digging' just a quick skim through Wiki's list of ongoing conflicts can be informative - it shows you that MOST contemporary high death toll conflicts occur in developing countries, mostly in the middle east and Sub-Saharan Africa, and it also shows you just you that some countries have suffered ongoing or successive conflicts for several years - we see this in the Congo, and in Iraq and Syria.

Wikipedia also looks at conflict deaths by country from 2016 to 2020 - Mexico tops the list in 2020, and this along with Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan and Nigeria have had particularly high levels of conflict deaths over the past 5 years.

Sources/ find out more

(1) Nice info map graphic - By Futuretrillionaire, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22118731

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Ongoing Wars and Conflicts in the World Today

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It is sad to say, but there are currently ongoing wars or minor conflicts in around three dozen countries, most of them in the Middle East, North West Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and a major ongoing drug-war in Mexico. Wikipedia lists around 40 ongoing wars and conflicts with over 100 combat deaths in 2020 or...

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women donate more regularly to charity. men in higher amounts.

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women donate more regularly to charity. men in higher amounts.

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what does this tell us?

Men potentially see it more worthwhile giving in higher amounts

Women give little and often, when they can.

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https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesnonprofitcouncil/2019/07/11/gender-generosity-who-gives-more-and-does-it-even-matter/?sh=7296cb7067da

from this article it finds that women give more to charity. to me, this makes sense because women are seen to be more naturing and miteronal meaning they would feel more sympathetic towards people, therefor donating more than men. charities do tend to ask for sympathy, women being more emotional than men means they will feel more inclined.

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Do men or women give more to charity? Depending on who you ask, you might get different answers, and the research isn't always straightforward.

According to studies conducted in 2012 and 2014, men donated more frequently and at higher amounts than women. A gendered generational study, though, found that boomer and older women gave 89% more than men of the same age, while the recent 2018 Global Trends in Giving Report suggests the donor community is 65% female.

So, which is right? I believe the answer is both.

The key variance lies in the environment of the ask. In order to better understand, look at the focus of the studies: Men donate more in workplace giving campaigns (2012) and political campaigns (2014), while women are the primary donors when it comes to giving to charities of choice (2010). The 2018 survey was purely promoted and completed online, potentially skewing the findings since Pew Research Center reports that 73% of female adults in the U.S. use social media, compared to 65% of adult males.
Why does this matter?
There is a pragmatic evolution occurring in philanthropy that's separate from the ever-changing face of fundraising-focused technology that could be costing your organization more than just dollars.

According to The Economist, private wealth held by women is projected to increase by 111%, from $34 trillion in 2010 to $72 trillion by 2020. What's more, Forbes' list of the world's 100 richest individuals went from including four women in 2000 to 11 in 2019.

The power of the purse extends into retirement as well. Women's deeper engagement and sustained giving lead to higher levels of donations around retirement than their male colleagues. Plus, women's post-retirement years tend to be longer and healthier. On average, American women live five years longer than men, and three more years without a major disease or injury.

For nonprofits, the struggle in tapping this potential donor pool is that women are bypassing "institutional philanthropy" by constructing their own channels of giving: 70% of giving circles are majority-women groups, and giving circles have contributed up to $1.29 billion to philanthropy since they started.

Giving circles, such as women's leadership groups, enable networking and collaboration -- regardless of donation size -- with a diverse demographic united by a common passion. "Diverse" is the key word here, as racial diversity will be the most defining and impactful characteristic of the coming generations.

They also allow donors of any size to actively participate and know their contributions are making a significant impact in areas important to them. They get a voice in choosing how their money is invested, and they are choosing to give for proactive, community-oriented reasons, rather than in response to a particular need.

Need proof?

* Benevity reports that International Women's Day donation activity in 2016 doubled from the previous year. Donations to causes dedicated to women's issues grew by nearly 12 times, and volunteering for women's causes is growing at twice the rate of overall active volunteerism.

* A Women Philanthropy Institute study showed women gave 63% of donations on #GivingTuesday in 2016, compared to 51% of regular donations during the rest of the year, highlighting the importance of using social media to reach female donors.

* A study by Fidelity Charitable states that female donors, overall, donate to nonprofits as a way to address problems they perceive in their communities, while 60% of men say they give from a strategic mindset that takes into account the tax benefits of giving. (So, we'll see if the tax law changes and doubled standard deduction decreases men's giving!)

* A recent survey by the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation found that 80% of donors and recipients highlighted building partnerships among organizations with a common vision as critical to effective social impact work.
What does this mean for you?
In one word: change.

In the wake of the 2016 election, many women became activists, running for office, speaking out and starting social movements and impacting public policy. I believe that women will continue to take advantage of these growing nontraditional donor networks -- and it is up to nonprofits to adapt.

To be effective, nonprofits must weave a female-focused strategy into established fundraising approaches rather than treating women as a separate giving entity. Organizations should provide meaningful opportunities for donors to leverage the power of their collective gift while engaging with the community. The ultimate goal is to cultivate a culture of philanthropy locally.

Cross-sector community-focused collaboration -- particularly among unlikely partners -- is quickly becoming the driving force behind successful fundraising efforts, and nonprofits need to stay on top of all these trends to effectively reach both men and women.

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Council Post: Gender Generosity: Who Gives More, And Does It Even Matter?

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Do men or women give more to charity? Depending on who you ask, you might get different answers, and the research isn't always straightforward. According to studies conducted in 2012 and 2014, men donated more frequently and at higher amounts than women.

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https://www.statista.com/statistics/292929/giving-to-charity-in-england-by-gender/

this article shows that women have always been more charitable than men, but in more recent years women are even higher donaters. This could be potentially because of world conflict and issues being more substansial in recent years. Or this could be because of pay rising and pay gaps being smaller so it evens out the figures.

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In 2021/22, approximately 72 percent of women in England advised that they had given to charity compared with 61 percent of men. Throughout this provided time period, a higher share of women gave to charity than men.

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Charitable giving by gender England 2022 | Statista

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In 2021/22, approximately 72 percent of women in England advised that they had given to charity compared with 61 percent of men. Throughout this provided time period, a higher share of women gave to charity than men.

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helping countries who are going through civil war or still recovering from civil war is a good way to draw attention to war that is currently happening and not spoken about.

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i want to help people who currently need help because of disasters or war, or people who are being neglected by the public eye.

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As a part of being a designer i do believe we have an opportunity to do good ethically and also sustainable for the future of design. charities are often neglected or seen as having a stigma behind not being trust worthy or a desirable thing to be involved with (as people have became so materialistic and money motivated).

it's important to use this opportunity to have a choice and change the taboos of charity and create new ways and methods for bringing success to charities, and therefor helping people around the world.

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works full time at BT managing people in the technical team

money motivated and ambitious

lives in a flat share

not in a relationship because he's always prioritised his work

considers himself empathetic, will help someone whos dropped something in the street

busy working week and drinks alcohol with friends at weekends

plays golf

enjoys competitive sports because of his competitive nature

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"The civil war that started after the collapse of the central government of Somalia in 1991 affected all aspects of life in Somalia and destroyed most of the water systems (Jama & Mourad, 2019), which has affected water resources management and created a poor governance system. After the years of the civil war, the federal states tried to improve the situation with the help of the international community. However, the administrations of the federal member states couldn't improve the livelihood of the Somali people (Balthasar, 2014) due to the lack of a documented system of roles and responsibilities, which by its turn, increased the gaps between the different institutions, reduced the level of collaboration to solve water challenges, reduced transparency and increased the competition to attract funders (Jama & Mourad, 2019; Mourad, 2020)."

this is still a current issue which makes this even more shocking

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personally i find reading about civil wars really shocking, i find it hard to believe that somalia doesn't get more media coverage considering this is still issues happening today

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Somalia's defeat in the Ogaden War strained the stability of the Siad regime as the country faced a surge of clan pressures. An abortive military coup in April 1978 paved the way for the formation of two opposition groups: the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), drawing its main support from the Majeerteen clan of the Mudug region in central Somalia, and the Somali National Movement (SNM), based on the Isaaq clan of the northern regions. Formed in 1982, both organizations undertook guerrilla operations from bases in Ethiopia. These pressures, in addition to pressure from Somalia's Western backers, encouraged Siad to improve relations with Kenya and Ethiopia. But a peace accord (1988) signed with the Ethiopian leader, Mengistu Haile Mariam, obliging each side to cease supporting Somali antigovernment guerrillas, had the ironic effect of precipitating civil war in Somalia.

Threatened with the closure of their bases in Ethiopia, the SNM attacked government forces in their home region, provoking a bitter conflict that left ghost towns in the hands of government forces. Ogaadeen Somali, who had been progressively absorbed into the army and militia, felt betrayed by the peace agreement with Ethiopia and began to desert, attacking Siad's clansmen. Siad became preoccupied with daily survival and consolidated his hold on Mogadishu. Clan-based guerrilla opposition groups multiplied rapidly, following the example of the SSDF and SNM. In January 1991 forces of the Hawiye-based United Somali Congress (USC) led a popular uprising that overthrew Siad and drove him to seek asylum among his own clansmen. Outside Mogadishu, all the main clans with access to the vast stores of military equipment in the country set up their own spheres of influence. Government in the south had largely disintegrated and existed only at the local level in the SSDF-controlled northeast region. In May 1991 the SNM, having secured control of the former British Somaliland northern region, declared that the 1960 federation was null and void and that henceforth the northern region would be independent and known as the Republic of Somaliland.

In Mogadishu the precipitate appointment of a USC interim government triggered a bitter feud between rival Hawiye clan factions. The forces of the two rival warlords, Gen. Maxamed Farax Caydiid ( Muhammad Farah Aydid) of the Somali National Alliance (SNA) and Cali Mahdi Maxamed (Ali Mahdi Muhammad) of the Somali Salvation Alliance (SSA), tore the capital apart and battled with Siad's regrouped clan militia, the Somali National Front, for control of the southern coast and hinterland. This brought war and devastation to the grain-producing region between the rivers, spreading famine throughout southern Somalia. Attempts to distribute relief food were undermined by systematic looting and rake-offs by militias. In December 1992 the United States led an intervention by a multinational force of more than 35,000 troops, which imposed an uneasy peace on the principal warring clans and pushed supplies into the famine-stricken areas. The military operation provided support for a unique effort at peacemaking by the United Nations.

In January and March 1993 representatives of 15 Somali factions signed peace and disarmament treaties in Addis Ababa, but by June the security situation had deteriorated. American and European forces, suffering an unacceptable number of casualties-in the Battle of Mogadishu (October 3-4, 1993), for example, 18 U.S. soldiers and hundreds of Somali militia fighters and civilians were killed-were withdrawn by March 1994. The UN force was reduced to military units mainly from less-developed countries, and the clan-based tensions that had precipitated the civil war remained unresolved. The remaining UN troops were evacuated a year later. Over the next few years there were several failed attempts at peace as fighting persisted between the various clans; the SSA and the SNA continued to be two of the primary warring factions.

In 1998 another portion of the war-torn country-the SSDF-controlled area in the northeast, identified as Puntland-announced its intentions to self-govern. Unlike the self-declared Republic of Somaliland, Puntland did not claim complete independence from Somalia-it instead sought to remain a part of the country as an autonomous region, with the goal of reuniting the country as a federal republic.

Attempts at peace

During the 1990s more than 10 peace conferences were held to address the warfare in Somalia, but they were largely unsuccessful. A 2000 peace conference held in Djibouti, however, sparked international optimism when it yielded a three-year plan for governing Somalia. A Transitional National Assembly, comprising representatives of the many clans, was established and later that year formed a Transitional National Government (TNG). But the TNG's authority was not widely accepted within the country: the new government faced constant opposition and was never able to rule effectively.

Another series of peace talks began in 2002; those talks, sponsored by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and based in Kenya, eventually produced a new transitional government, known as the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). A transitional parliament was inaugurated in 2004, and in October of that year the parliament elected Abdullah Yusuf Ahmed interim president for a five-year period. Somalia's new government remained based in Kenya, however, as much of Somalia, especially Mogadishu, was unsafe. Also in 2004 a tsunami struck the Somali coast, killing several hundred people, displacing many thousands more, and destroying the livelihood of Somalia's fishing communities.
Ioan M. Lewis The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
In February 2006 the transitional parliament met in Baydhabo (Baidoa)-the first time it had met on Somali soil since its formation in 2004. Although not the Somali capital, Baydhabo had been selected as the meeting place because it was deemed safer than Mogadishu, where clan-based violence continued to escalate. Matters were further complicated when in June 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) took control of Mogadishu and southern regions of Somalia after defeating the militias of clan warlords. That same month the ICU revamped its organizational structure and changed its name to the Supreme Islamic Courts Council (SICC). The group challenged the authority of the TFG, and further hostilities ensued. In response, Ethiopia sent troops to Somalia to defend the beleaguered TFG. This action was generally supported by the international community, since the TFG was internationally recognized as the legitimate government of Somalia and there were concerns that the SICC had ties to al-Qaeda, particularly the militant faction known as al-Shabaab; indeed, that group later acknowledged such ties. Peace talks were held in an attempt to reach a compromise between the TFG and the SICC, but tensions remained. In December 2006 Ethiopian and Somali troops engaged in a coordinated air and ground war in defense of the TFG, and they were able to push the SICC out of Mogadishu in January 2007. The SICC largely disintegrated, but al-Shabaab survived and began to mount a campaign of guerrilla attacks that continued for several years. In February 2007 the United Nations Security Council authorized a small African Union (AU) peacekeeping mission (AMISOM) in Somalia, which, unfortunately, was extremely limited in what it was able to do. Unrelenting violence and warfare-as well as drought, flooding, and famine-continued to devastate Somalia. In December 2008 Yusuf, who faced growing criticism for his handling of the peace efforts, resigned as president.

A moderate Islamist, Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, was elected president in January 2009. Also that month the transitional parliament extended the TFG's mandate for another two years; it was again extended in 2011, for one more year. In April 2009 the transitional parliament agreed to adopt Sharīʿah (Islamic law) for use throughout the country, a move viewed by many as an attempt to attract some of the support that had been enjoyed by the ICU/SICC.

Incidents of piracy off the Somali coast-a problem for many years-greatly increased in the first decade of the 21st century and aroused international concern. Beginning in 2012, however, there was a significant decline in the number of attacks, attributed in part to the political strides being made in Somalia, an improvement in security practices on ships, and an international naval presence in the region to discourage acts of piracy.

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Somalia - Civil War, Conflict, Famine: Somalia's defeat in the Ogaden War strained the stability of the Siad regime as the country faced a surge of clan pressures.

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Somalia's current civil war and water shortages

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Somalia's current civil war and water shortages

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somalia is currently going through a civil war meaning that it is in current need of help. where as other countries have been through civil wars and need help because of the repercussions after the war has finished.

- this makes somalia at a top priority list when picking which country to help.

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creating empathy and connections between two vastly different worlds.

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countries that need help with access to clean water

Ethiopia - ended in 1991
DRC - democratic rebublic concgo - civil war ended 2003

countries impacted by civil war and low access to drinking water;

somalia - 2009 to current date

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priorities their own hobbies and interests

follow sports; because of their competitive nature

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men  who prioritise functionality and practicality.

money motivated

feel privileged

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of the audience and their daily lives

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flyers, objects

water bottle lables, advertisements and views on route

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act out someones experience;

leaves the office because they're hungry and only has a short time slot between meetings..

quickly greets people on route from the same office as them..

walks to the nearest shop for a lunch, happens to be a Tesco's express round the corner from the office..

sees a crowd of people and wants to quickly go in and out to avoid and busy hustle..

sees favourite sandwich on the shelf and grabs a bottle of water quickly without much thought..

leaves shop and walks quickly back to the office to eat lunch and continue with work..

what does this tell me? i need to be grasping on the quick decision and gaining the attention of the audience, because the decision behind buying the water doesn't have a lot of thought behind it.