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https://thingspeak.com/channels/1419813

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https://thingspeak.com/channels/1416690/charts/2?bgcolor=%23ffffff&color=%23d62020&dynamic=true&results=60&type=line&update=15

https://thingspeak.com/channels/1416690/charts/1?bgcolor=%23ffffff&color=%23d62020&dynamic=true&results=60&type=line&update=15

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/16NMgEvJr-u-4ngzFZvcSuYIXlfWtKIVx/view?usp=drivesdk

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LD7xW-ipqyCYxS5DPN1j_TPUdiN8pi1M/view?usp=sharing

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https://thingspeak.com/channels/1416517/charts/1?bgcolor=%23ffffff&color=%23d62020&dynamic=true&results=60&type=line&update=15

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sHWB_NpSda-j856o1fm4WCeAye82coBS/view?usp=sharing

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https://thingspeak.com/channels/1411636/charts/1?bgcolor=%23ffffff&color=%23d62020&dynamic=true&results=60&type=line&update=15

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Arduino Temp and WIFI sensors and receiving data

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Arduino Temp and WIFI sensors and receiving data

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ThinkSpeak link

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https://thingspeak.com/channels/1406034/charts/1?bgcolor=%23ffffff&color=%23d62020&dynamic=true&results=60&type=line&update=15

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https://thingspeak.com/channels/1406035/charts/1?bgcolor=%23ffffff&color=%23d62020&dynamic=true&results=60&type=line&update=15

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https://thingspeak.com/channels/1406038/charts/1?bgcolor=%23ffffff&color=%23d62020&dynamic=true&results=60&type=line&update=15

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201910148 Choi Ji Un
Arduino LED Blinking

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201910145 Chae Jee Seung Arduino LED Blinking

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201910145 Chae Jee Seung Arduino LED Blinking

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Arduino

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The 3 leds at the back do not seem to work because they do not touch the area of the GND.

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a general outline

○ IoT solutions A useful tool to improve digital social logistics warehouse operations

- Warehouse businesses collect and analyze data with IoT solutions and improve efficiency of their work

- Warehouse work improvement process selects tasks → Identifies phenomena / sets goals → establishes activity plans → analyzes factors → reviews and implements improvement measures → verifies effectiveness → 7 steps to establish improvement measures

Support for working hours and movement visibility

○ IoT solutions improve warehouse operations through visibility of working hours and movements

- (visible working hours) Identify working hours as limited resources or costs and verify and analyze if working hours are being followed properly

- Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) and Automated Guided Forklift (AGF) and Pickering Robots to make worker transportation and walking as short as possible while increasing work productivity

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Protect and observe wild animals and livestock.It can be located according to the signals sent by the terminal when raising livestock during grazing, so it is also used to check the habitat or condition of protected wildlife.

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Infrared SensorsA device that uses infrared light to detect physical and chemical amounts such as temperature, pressure, and intensity of radiation, and converts them into electricity capable of signal processing.

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- Water Supply ManagementHydroPoint Data Systems, a water management company headquartered in Petaluma, California, provides customers with automated systems that eliminate water waste and provide damage protection and monitoring from leaks and leaks. To this end, we leverage real-time interactive wireless communication, big data, and cloud based on AT&T's machine-to-machine (M2M) network.In 2013 alone, 25,000 customers saved 20 billion gallons of water, 77 million kWh of electricity and $143 million in expenses, according to HydroPoint's CEO and president of Spain, called WeatherTRAK.Weathertrack is a smart water controller that replaces conventional timers. It analyzes data sources transmitted over the Internet, such as weather data, and provides preventive management information to constant supply managers through websites and mobile applications.HydraPoint's platform is a platform that links water systems and sprinklers, master valves, flow sensors, historical constant rates, constant planning, and location-specific weather data to an integrated management framework."We are using M2M communication in the field, data communication using power lines, and wireless communication to the cloud," Spain said. Without IoT, companies cannot provide services cost-effectively. "Because constant management systems are characterized by changing every minute, real-time monitoring is essential."

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RFID - Samsung-pay
-Samsung Pay is a simple payment service introduced by Samsung Electronics.
It implements a contactable magnetic payment system as a magnetic field so that data can be transmitted wirelessly. Therefore, you can pay in the same way as scratching a card by simply bringing the device with the technology close to the regular card reader.

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Vehicle Speed Sensor
-It senses speed when a driver drives a car. For example, it helps you maintain the proper speed of your car.

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1. smart watch
Smartwatch can receive notifications from apps such as phone calls, text messages, and kakaotalk, and above all, it can be used effectively to take care of your health.
2.
(1) Motion sensors, heart rate
sensors, stress sensors, ultraviolet sensors, oxygen saturation sensors, etc.
(2)  android platform

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Smart cars combine IT and automobiles to provide a variety of technologies and services ranging from intelligent driving support to automatic parking, vehicle collision prevention, and infotainment application services.

• Intelligent integrated chassis systems: technology for upgrading vehicle systems such as driving and steering systems and integrated control of vehicles to avoid accidents
• Driver status monitoring and vehicle control system: A technology that monitors driver's drowsy driving and prevents accidents through vehicle control.
• Integrated biometric fusion system: Convergence technology that recognizes various biometric information (brain waves, blood pressure, blood sugar, body temperature) of drivers in real time
• Lane retention steering support system: technology for maintaining lanes using radar, camera sensors, etc.
• Automatic parking control system: Automatic parking and parking aid technology through the information of the surrounding situations recognition sensor
• Smart air conditioning system: A technology that recognizes the indoor environment of a vehicle (temperature, humidity, smell) and converts it into a pleasant environment.
• Vehicle collision prevention system: A technology that recognizes the distance between vehicles through radar, camera sensors, etc. to prevent collisions in advance.
• Automatic operation technology: A technology that operates on its own without the driver's control through various sensors and automatic control systems.

If data is leaked from iot devices, financial damages that utilize IoT financial services can also occur. Since home IoT devices transmit data without encrypting it, important unencrypted information and financial information can be stolen randomly when working at home or doing financial transactions.

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Remotely operated vechile to defuse explosive

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Remotely operated vechile to defuse explosive

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These days the use of roberts in the defence is widely used.  Militery power are also measure according to how many defense robert are being used. It has lots of benifits but it is controled by the remote so the hacking of this is high.
As defense system is too sensitive for a country. if the hacking is done than whole country can be in the danger. Every country will focus to access the defense system of the other country during the war which is too dangerious for a country.

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If we look at all of this historical events closely we can clearly see that all these breaches happened because of Humans Mistake Or how its Also Called Social Hacking or social engendering

The Most vulnerable  technology is your Carsharing apps.
Because the Hackers can Leak your position and what is more dangerous your Personal Data like Drive lenience.

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TechNewsWorld reports, “TRENDnet marketed its SecurView cameras for various uses ranging from home security to baby monitoring and claimed they were secure, the FTC said. However, they had faulty software that let anyone who obtained a camera’s IP address look through it — and sometimes listen as well.

Further, from at least April 2010 [until about January 2012], TRENDnet transmitted user login credentials in clear, readable text over the Internet, and its mobile apps for the cameras stored consumers’ login information in clear, readable text on their mobile devices, the FTC said.

It is basic security practice to secure IP addresses against hacking and to encrypt login credentials or at least password-protect them, and TRENDnet’s failure to do so was surprising.”

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With the development of the fourth industry, factories are mechanizing a lot of work. Mechanization in the factory reduces expensive workers, reducing the company's lack of employment, reducing the poor working environment and sanitation caused by long exploitation, but not much progress so far, people are still working on things that machines cannot. People do things that machines can't do, and machine accidents happen frequently, and there are many stenosis accidents on the machine frame.

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These days, the yellow dust is so bad that I want to put air purifiers at home and have a lot of life outside, so I don't have time to clean at home, but it's hard to prepare air purifiers and vacuum cleaners because the house is too small. I wish I had an iot device that automatically cleans the house without my hands.
To reduce the volume of the design, an air purifier is located on top of the robot vacuum cleaner. At the bottom are wheels for movement and various sensors for automatic cleaning. It measures space through dToF sensor at the bottom and allows air to be cleaned while avoiding objects that could be hit. In addition, IR obstacle detection sensor, obstacle collision prevention sensor, fall prevention sensor, and docking station sensor are used to avoid obstacles. At the top, a dual measuring sensor that measures fine dust and harmful gases is installed to measure air quality. The iot app allows the device to be interlocked to control the clean speed wirelessly and to clean the desired location. It also allows sensors that find charging stations to go to the charger and charge themselves if the battery is low. In this way, I want to find a space that I need on my own without using a single product directly, and design it so that I can move and clean the air by myself and enter a space that needs air cleaning.

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Problem
-Fine dust rises rapidly in the change of seasons when spring weather changes. Fine dust causes various diseases in humans and has a bad effect on the environment.

Proposed Solution
-If ventilation is not possible when the fine dust is severe, it is recommended to use an air purifier.

Sensors
-Air pollution sensor, dust sensor, remote control sensor

Network
-WPAN : Remote control in the home

Flowchart

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With the world supply at an all-time high and commodity prices at an all-time low as a result of increasing demands in food production and consumption, the modern farming industry is at a crossroads. There is a greater need than ever before for farmers and agronomists across the globe to improve resource management in response to tightening budgets, while the “farm to fork” movement has seen rising pressure for enhanced product traceability, as consumers become more interested in the origin of the goods they purchase and how they were grown.

Solution
Using drones.

The use of global positioning system (GPS) technology, together with geographic information system (GIS) tools, form a large part of these precision agriculture practices allowing fine-scale monitoring and mapping of yield and crop parameter data within fields. These provide more intense and efficient cultivation methods, which can help farmers adjust fertilizer prescriptions or identify crop diseases before they become widespread. With more data at their fingertips, farmers can make decisions based on economic and environmental factors – for example, by optimizing fertilizer treatment and applying only the right amount at the right time, significant cost and environmental savings can be made.

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Health Examination Program in Daily Life

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Health Examination Program in Daily Life

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Problem :
Often, it is difficult to treat a disease because it is found late due to a long incubation period or without a medical examination. Therefore, I hope there will be a program to diagnose health in everyday life.

Solution :
When you wake up in the morning and look in the mirror, the program in the mirror diagnoses your health.
It tells me what I lack in my body and what I need to fill.
For example, low blood sugar, lack of iron, how tired your body is, and how fast your heart is.
I think it would be good to manage the schedule additionally.

Embedded System and Sensor :
In order to make these programs,
Several embedded systems and sensors are required.
Embedded systems require digital TVs, scanners, ECG measuring devices, life support, and so on, as we often know.
Sensors require temperature, ultrasonic wave, infrared, touch, and humidity.

Wireless network :
Use wireless LAN and
IEEE 802.11.g support speed of 53Mbps, but uses 2.4 GHz frequency. It is fast and uses low frequencies, so it is less interference with the surrounding terrain. Although the spped drops to 20Mbps, it has the advantage of being compatible IEEE 802.11.b, which uses the same frequency.

In addition, it would be good to manage the schedule together with the user's mobile phone.

Flowchart :

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Main Problems:

1.    Even if we have advanced gadgets and technology, what limits their advancement is their power source and how easily get energy.

2.    In industries, if we use wire to charge gadgets there will be voltage drop which means we will loose some energy on the way.

3.    The biggest problem is not about wire but the source itself: Where do we find the energy??

The WET or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission od electrical energy without wires as a physical link. In a wireless power transmission system, a transmitter device, driven by electric power from a power source, generates a time-varying electromagnetic field, which transmits power across space to a receiver device, which extracts power from users. Wireless power transfer is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous or are not possible.

Wireless power techniques mainly fall into two categories, near field and far-field or non-radiative techniques, power is transferred over short distances by magnetic fields using coupling between coils of wire or by electric fields using capacitive coupling between metal electrodes. Inductive coupling is the most widely used wireless technology; its applications are charging handled devices like phones and electric toothbrushes, RFID tags, induction cooking, and wirelessly charging or continuous wireless power transfer in implantable medical devices like artificial cardiac pacemakers, or electric vehicles.

In  far-field radiative techniques, also called power beaming, power is transferred by beams of electromagnetic radiation, like microwaves or laser beams. These

Techniques can transport energy longer distances but must be aimed at receiver. Proposed applications for this type are solar power satellites and wireless powered drone aircraft.

http://insideenergy.org/2016/07/15/ie-questions-why-dont-we-have-wireless-electricity/

Solutions?

Imagine looking out over Tokyo Bay from high above and seeing a man-made island in the harbor, 3 kilometers long. A massive net is stretched over the island and studded with 5 billion tiny rectifying antennas, which convert microwave energy into DC electricity. Also on the island is a substation that sends that electricity coursing through a submarine cable to Tokyo, to help keep the factories of the Keihin industrial zone humming and the neon lights of Shibuya shining bright.

But you can’t even see the most interesting part. Several giant solar collectors in geosynchronous orbit are beaming microwaves down to the island from 36 000 km above Earth.

Soon after  humans invented silicon-based photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight directly into electricity, more than 60 years ago, we realized that space would be the best place to perform that conversion. The concept was first proposed formally in 1968 by the American aerospace engineer Peter Glaser,  he acknowledged the challenges of constructing, launching, and operating these satellites but argued that improved photovoltaics and easier access to space would soon make them achievable.

A commercial SPS capable of producing 1 GW would be a magnificent structure weighing more than 10 000 metric tons and measuring several kilometers across. To complete and operate an electricity system based on such satellites, we would have to demonstrate mastery of six different disciplines: wireless power transmission, space transportation, construction of large structures in orbit, satellite attitude and orbit control, power generation, and power management. Of those six challenges, it’s the wireless power transmission that remains the most daunting. So that’s where JAXA has focused its research.

Wireless power transmission has been the subject of investigation since Nikola Tesla’s experiments at the end of the 19th century. Tesla famously began building a 57-meter tower on New York’s Long Island in 1901, hoping to use it to beam power to such targets as moving airships, but his funding was canceled before he could realize his dream.

To send power over distances measured in millimeters or centimeters—for example, to charge an electric toothbrush from its base or an electric vehicle from a roadway—electromagnetic induction works fine. But transmitting power over longer distances can be accomplished efficiently only by converting electricity into either a laser or a microwave beam.

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1. Everyone who sits in front of a desk for a long time tries to maintain a good posture, but not everyone can. There are definitely people like me who can't keep their posture right unless someone watches and talks to them.
2. To try to correct the posture by yourself, signal if the posture is wrong.
3. Signal processing signal processing and position sensor
4. Wi-Fi

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Wearable smart device in healthcare industry

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Wearable smart device in healthcare industry

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The problem in healthcare industry – it is extremely difficult to control and collect data about patients, when there are more patients than expected. As an example, when Covid19 was spreading dramatically, there were lack of nurses and doctors to take care of patients. Thus, we need to be ready for such kind of situations.

The Internet of Things -  can transform the healthcare industry by helping doctors gain faster access to patients’ data. Wearable, Internet-connected sensor devices that track a patient’s heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and patient’s activity for example, how many steps he or she walks every day. These days, we have smart watches, but most people do not use it. Therefore, we need to implement wearable smart devices in hospitals in order to collect valuable data about patients at once. It has significant advantages, firstly, it saves time that nurses do not need to measure every patients blood pressure and temperature every 3-4 hour. Secondly, it prevents spread of viruses. For instance, if patients infected with a Covid19, nurses do not need to come close and check them, instead they just monitor them on the computer. Lastly, if patients are at home with other illnesses like diabetes or asthma and they have not done any activity yet, the device sends alarm to the patients and also doctors to inform that patients need to walk.

The device – has an internet connection, Wi-Fi, GPS, sensor and it may also have a small screen. It can be controlled by using Android or IOS operating systems.

Flowchart

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Problem statement

These days lots of manpower are used in the garbage collection so if we can develop the automatic vehicles that can collect the garbage itself and dumped in the dumping place then we can automatically save the time and also the money. So, in the street the garbage truck can collect the garbage easily and we do not need any person to drive also which will be run by sensor.

Proposed statement:

The garbage collection vehicle will be developed with the different sensor.  The vehicle will be automatic and collect the garbage in the street and road. It will have the incline belt so that it can collect the small dust also easily. it will have the light sensor so that it can see and it also have the voltage sensor for the speed. Motion sensor will help in the movement off the tyre. Camera is installed with the light sensor so that people can sit in a chair and can see what is happening. It will collect the dust itself and put in the container and can unload the truck also.  Gps will be installed . network are bluetooth, gps.

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Новый документ

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◦Find one real-problem related to your life or any industry that you think need an IoT solution.

◦Design your IoT application to solve the problem by using all components in IoT that we have covered.

◦Your IoT design should include:

ØProblem statement

ØProposed solution

ØSelect suitable sensors and the embedded system

ØChoose what type of wireless network

ØArchitecture of your system (provide a flowchart)

ØSubmit your work at Padlet (https://padlet.com/syibrah2/IoT)

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Problem: I have a small fish in our house. But sometimes fish die for unknown reasons, and dead fish are hidden by the structures inside the fish tank. If these dead fish are left unattended, the water condition becomes poor, which can adversely affect the remaining fish. Also, water can be contaminated by the amount of food, moss, and excrement of fish. Just as our living environment is important, we should pay attention to the environment inside the fish tank when we raise fish.

Solution: Install various sensors in the fishbowl. These sensors identify the approximate population of the fish and regularly feed the right amount of food at the user's set time through a food container attached to the fishbowl. Also, check and analyze the activity of the fish and the level of contamination of the water quality. This data can be viewed through the mobile phone app and helps monitor the fish tank and fish condition.
Example)

1. If a particular fish is not active on the bottom of a fishbowl for a long time

The system determines that the fish is dead or in poor condition, so the user is informed through the app. The user can then check the notification and get the dead fish out.
2. In case of poor water quality
The app warns you that you need to clean the fishbowl or change the water.

Sensor:
Temperature, water quality sensor - Check water quality status
Infrared, Motion Sensor - Approximate population of fish, identifying activity

Network:
WLAN - fishbowl and application interaction

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Problem statement. Car accidents are real things even now.1.35 million people die in road accidents worldwide every year — 3,700 deaths a day. Car crashes have risen to the 8th leading cause of death for people globally. Saturday is estimated to be the deadliest day of the week for car crashes in the US. So we have to come up with a solution to tackle this event.

Solution. Smart driving. Currently we are capable of taking a lot of data from everywhere and we have a lot of self driving cars. So what if we install IoT device on the road. For example we can replace traffic lights with smart traffic light that can connect with cameras and cars that are passing through some specific area of their location to let them now what cars are in the road, what is their speed and direction. We can install motion sensors on the road with Lidar sensors in order to be able to locate cars on the road or other obstacles and be able to avoid them. And lastly we can install smart computers inside the cars that in case of human error is capable of handling car control.

Network. For this IoT connections I think the most efficient way would be to divide the road into multiple small sectors WLAN in order to give network less overload that will bring flexibility, fast processing and low ping network connections. Also device connections should be done with 5g WIFI as its the most fast. Because every second in that cases is precious.

Sensors. Motion sensors with Lidar will be used to make map of the road and cars and object on it into 3D and sense their motion that will give us precious ides of how and what is happening. Cameras can also be equipped with algorithms to detect approaching vehicles or objects. Traffic lights will also have devices to be able to connect to our network.

Flowchart

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problem: The problem of increasing solitude deaths overlapping with Covid-19
solution: -Smart Band: Smart bands are built to monitor health conditions in real time,Real-time monitoring of watch
-LED sensor: LED sensor light to prevent lonely death
Installing sensors on fluorescent lamps, Systems that contact you if movement is not detected for 12 hours
network : wifi,bluetooth

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1. Problem Statement
I always live inside my home if there is no outside job.
This got worse after the Covid-19, so I actually missed my electronic bill paper once and had to pay extra.
2. Proposed Solution
So, my solution is that a sensor send a signal to the transmitter if the mail box opened by mail officer.
And transmitter send me alarm to my smartphone.
3. Suitable Sensors and the Embedded System
There can be many sensors used, but I think the light sensor is the best. Because there are possibilities that send me a wrong signal by false alarm such as wind, earthquake, or just steps of people. But the light sensor is only take situation that actually opened mail box, so I choose the light sensor. So, the system will be the communication & networking.
4. Wireless Network
I think WiFi is enough since the mailbox is very near the house.
5. Architecture and Flowchart

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Problem

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is when a seemingly healthy baby dies unexpectedly and suddenly, and there is no explanation for the cause of their death. Even after a thorough investigation, an explanation for the cause of death may not be found.

Some of these possible causes being investigated include:

a form of apnea (periods of stopped breathing while sleeping)

brain abnormality in the area that controls breathing

My solution:

My solution is to create an IoT application, which sends a message to the parents when the baby, rolls over and sleeps on their stomach during sleep. And this can prevent the unexpected death of infants.

How it will work?

My application will use a simple hand watch and  CCTV camera which set up inside of the room where the baby sleeps. And with the special machine learning software, we can identify the position, and with a hand watch, we can monitor the heartbeat of the baby. When sudden change happens with the baby, the application will send an alarming message to the phones of the parents.

Technical part

My IoT app will use the following hardware devices:

CCTV camera with Night Vision

Hand Watch with Pulse sensor to detect a heartbeat

Wireless wide area network (WWAN) to connect with parents phone

Flowchart

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Problem statement: Nowadays, we use security cameras for optimal security. However, the memory in the cameras runs out fast as it keeps recording everything at all times. Also, if there was some kind of activity that you would like to watch, it is time consuming to look for the part of the footage you are looking for.

Proposed solution: Therefore, we can solve this by implementing a motion sensor into the camera so that the sensor detects when there is any activity worth recording so that the camera only records when there is something to record instead of recording long hours of useless footage. Also, this way if any kind of activity happened it would be easier to find on the recordings database. This solution will require the use of WLAN protocol as the wireless network.

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Problem Statement
With the rapid urbanisation, people who reside in urban places face one common problem which is a lot of outside noise.
Especially, with huge number of cars in everyday life, horns, sounds of cars' engine or any other sounds in urban areas are becoming an usual thing to hear when we go outside.
Sound levels of typical car horns are approximately 107–109 decibels, and they typically draw 5–6 amperes of current. According to earandsinusinstitute.com, approximately 26 millions of Americans between the ages of 20 and 69 suffer from some form of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.  Researchers claim that we can diminish our hearing ability with only being exposed to car horn sounds for 24 minutes a week.
Therefore, this issue is getting bigger and bigger with the establishment of urban areas. In addition, people who reside in cities, especially in big cities, are not only exposed to car horn sounds, but a lot more than that.
For example, ambulance siren, crowd noise, construction sounds and so on.

Proposed Solution
So my potential solution to this problem would be theoretical. If we design an IoT-embedded system in a portable device form which fulfills the task of suppressing noise in some radius of the device's carrier, it could be a solution.
However, there are a lot of concerns and issues to face as well when it comes to design such an IoT device. With all the research and knowledge from this course, I will try explain and propose possible way of designing such a device.

Sensors and Wireless Network
So here are the sensors we need in my version of the design:
1. Frequency detection sensor
2. Noise reducer
3. Wi-Fi chip

Architecture and Flowchart
Let us make the scenario of how it works. Let us say that we embedded aforementioned sensors in one system in a compact portable plastic design. Next thing is we create a cloud on the internet and store some important data in it such as algorithm for noise reducer.
Then, our IoT system would be connected to the cloud through Wi-Fi. We set the radius and "healthy" frequency for our frequency detection sensor. And I assume we are set. Next time a car honks close to our IoT device, our algorithm and sensors will work and reduce the noise to an extent where hearing abilities are not affected. For example, If we set the frequency level of the sound to 80 decibels, then the device will lower any sound that is above that.

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Problem:  The time is the most important factor in our life. Many people complain about having less time or stressful day because of oversleep or less amount of sleep.
Many people sleep more than required sleep and don't have enough time to eat dinner in the morning or doing other staff. Moreover, Same people complain about less amount of sleep at night.
Solution:  To solve this problem, we can use Smart Sleep Tracking Ring or Bands. This device can help you to track amount of sleep that you have at night. if you have more amount of sleep than required, it will alarm you to wake up. and if you have less amount of sleep for a day, it will infirm you that you have to sleep this amount of time to fulfil  required amount.
it will also play some sleeping music or song that you like before you go to sleep and when you have already slept it will stop.
Sensor and Embedded system: We use Brainwave sensor to track your condition of sleep. when your brain is in sleep condition it will it will calculate amount of sleep which means that it will not count that you spend for trying to sleep.
Wireless network:   We use WPAN network. it can connect your phone or your computer via Bluetooth to give daily, weekly or monthly reports. and can connect to smart speakers to play music or song.
Flowchart:

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Protect and observe wild animals and livestock.It can be located according to the signals sent by the terminal when raising livestock during grazing, so it is also used to check the habitat or condition of protected wildlife.

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Protect and observe wild animals and livestock.It can be located according to the signals sent by the terminal when raising livestock during grazing, so it is also used to check the habitat or condition of protected wildlife.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been widely used for the last decade, and its use is growing immensely even now. So, basically, RFID systems are composed of tags and a reader to read them. The RFID tag has two components, a processor and an antenna.

One of the RFID application examples is its use in theft tracking and detection. RFID movement tracking can be paired with sales data and video data to determine if items left the store in larger quantities than were purchased at that specific time. With this data aggregated, retailers can see systematically which exact items were stolen, which door they exited through, at what exact time, and have HD video of the specific perpetrator. This data can be actioned real-time through alerts to associates, used for monitoring of general trends, or as evidence to work with authorities creating criminal cases.

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RFID technology in hospitals is present in many forms, from tracking surgical tools to tracking persons –patients, visitors and staff. There are several important reasons to use RFID technology in the healthcare industry from reducing medical errors like to lost essential surgery tools or forget surgery sponges within patients, as well as reduce economic costs or increase the security at healthcare buildings.

The most common RFID applications in hospitals are inventory tracking, control access, staff and patients tracking, tracking tools, tracking disposable consumables, tracking large/expensive equipment, laundry tracking, etc.

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High-Pass to the vehicle terminals and authorization signal is transmitting the handset technology with RFID.

Received information to the antenna of a freeway exit ramp.

So when we go through the intersection of the expressway, we don't have to pay the money or card as we used to, but we can get on the highway without stopping through the RFID technology on the high pass.

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If you bring a transportation card to the transportation card terminal on the bus, the transportation card terminal reads the information of the card (CRAM). After verifying the normal status based on the information stored on the transportation card terminal, deduct the amount if it is prepaid and record the usage data if it is postpaid. The transportation card terminal updates the information stored on the above-mentioned terminal from the transportation card operator server every certain hour. At this time, payment data stored on the terminal should also be sent to the operator's server, which is adjusted according to the situation for each bus company.

Reference:
https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=jennyanydots&logNo=220542927106&proxyReferer=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

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Many kiosks use RFID to either manage resources or interact with users.
DVD rental kiosks use RFID DVD tags to make sure customers receive their selected movie rental. Other examples of RFID kiosks include interactive media displays where an embedded RFID reader interrogates badges or cards.

Also, library kiosks are ideal for checking in/out books and media from Libraries, this RFID-enabled kiosk can create a self-service option that wasn't previously available. High Frequency (HF) RFID tags and readers are ideal for short-range applications like media check in/out stations.

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RFID antenna with 200 mm range and diagnostic LED

•Diagnostic and display LEDs for easy setup

•Communication on PLC via DTE10x Evaluation Unit

•Connection with rotatable M12 connectors for standard cables up to 20 m

•Adjustable transmission power

•Extended range of mounting accessories

Long Range Variety of Applications
The ANT600 antenna is ideal for long write/read distances. A typical application is product tracking in the production process. The ANT600 can store production data or quality parameters, for example, in an ID tag. In material logistics, RFID systems can easily determine whether the material and material quantity match the production order. In facility control, product-specific machine parameters can be read from the ID tag attached to the product. The transmission power can be adjusted to define different ranges.

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Timing marathons and races are one of the most popular uses of RFID, but often race participants never realize they’re being timed using RFID technology, and that’s a testament to RFID’s ability to provide a seamless consumer experience.

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RFID chip placement in animals to transmit animal condition, living, habitat information to the computer so that we can have data. It is mainly used animals in the ocean such as whales. As the extiinction of whales have beome more serious problem. With the help of RFID, we can track animals data and learn the major causes of their extinction.

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Passports with an embedded chip are called biometric passport, e-passport or digital-passport. This chip has biometric information that is used to authenticate the identity of the passport holder. The information stored in the RFID chips of e-passports depends on the country’s policy. Data usually stored are name, date and place of birth, sex, nationality and a digital version of the photograph. Data about the passport are in the chip too, such as the number, issue date and place, and the expiration date. The standardized biometrics used for identification system are facial recognition, fingerprint recognition or iris recognition.

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The entire book is managed by a leader who attaches RFID tags and reads tags.

Strengths
·Non-contact method and long-distance data reception
·Induction current is used, no power is required.
·Multi-tag recognition and modification at the same time
·Reflective permanent
·Storage data in tag

weaknesses
·High cost of initial system deployment
·Tag price is higher than bar code
·Receiving unnecessary data by receiving non-contact data
·Metallic penetration and shielding
·Electromagnetic harmfulness

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4. Attendee Tracking If you’ve ever managed a large conference before, you’ll know that it’s key to keep the flow of traffic moving at a steady pace, especially in and out of seminars. With an RFID attendee solution, eliminate the need for registration lines at entrances

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4. Attendee Tracking If you’ve ever managed a large conference before, you’ll know that it’s key to keep the flow of traffic moving at a steady pace, especially in and out of seminars. With an RFID attendee solution, eliminate the need for registration lines at entrances

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Patient & Staff Tracking / PEOPLE/ATTENDEE TRACKING

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Patient & Staff Tracking / PEOPLE/ATTENDEE TRACKING

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1. To verify patient information.

2. Reduce wait times and bottlenecks.

3. To locate patients.

Passive RFID systems are frequently used for maintaining and verifying patient records on wristbands. These RFID wristbands have patient information printed on them, and patient records are stored on the tag’s chip or associated with the tag’s ID through a database. Information encoded on the wristband’s tag is an optimal way of identifying patients because it can help in emergency situations by ensuring patients are not given the wrong medication or sent to the wrong area in the hospital. Lives have been lost due to accidents where patients’ files were switched. Important information encoded on the wristband such as “Allergic to nuts” or “DOB 7/29/80” could play a critical role in the patient’s outcome.
RTLS is also implemented to track newborn babies. Research shows that, between 1965 and May 2017, 135 infants have been stolen from healthcare facilities in the United States alone*. Infants are not just stolen from random places in the facility, but trusted areas like the mother’s room, the nursery, and the pediatric hall. In order to lower the risk of infant abduction, hospitals place RTLS tags on all infant’s legs in order to monitor and track each child. If a child ventures too close to an exit door, an alarm will sound and the door will lock; additionally, if a tag is taken off a child a different alarm sounds immediately indicating the location of the child.

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The most common Rfid applications are tracking tools like tracking tools used to track patient, Tool tracking.

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The most common Rfid applications are tracking tools like tracking tools used to track patient, Tool tracking.

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Payment in transportation.

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For one RFID example, there are transportation cards. It can save money inside, and by swiping over the sensor without contact, I can purchase the transportation fee.

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For one RFID example, there are transportation cards. It can save money inside, and by swiping over the sensor without contact, I can purchase the transportation fee.

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RFID People Tracking: People tracking system are used just as asset tracking system. Hospitals and jails are most general tracking required places. Hospital uses RFID tags for tracking their special patients. In emergency patient and other essential equipment can easily track. It will be mainly very useful in mental care hospitals where doctors can track each and every activity of the patient. Hospitals also use these RFID tags for locating and tracking all the activities of the newly born babies.The best use of the people tracking system will be in jails. It becomes an easy tracking system to track their inmates. Many jails of different US states like Michigan, California, and Arizona are already using RFID-tracking systems to keep a close eye on jail inmates.

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RFID People Tracking: People tracking system are used just as asset tracking system. Hospitals and jails are most general tracking required places. Hospital uses RFID tags for tracking their special patients. In emergency patient and other essential equipment can easily track. It will be mainly very useful in mental care hospitals where doctors can track each and every activity of the patient. Hospitals also use these RFID tags for locating and tracking all the activities of the newly born babies.The best use of the people tracking system will be in jails. It becomes an easy tracking system to track their inmates. Many jails of different US states like Michigan, California, and Arizona are already using RFID-tracking systems to keep a close eye on jail inmates.

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RFID (Radio frequency identification) is an emerging technology that can usher enormous opportunities in Agri-food sector. Some of the current applications are automatic toll collection, library management, counterfeit or theft prevention system, animal traceability and access control system. Advancements in sensor technology, communication networks and their integration with RFID technology, are expanding the application domain including real time monitoring, quality control, food safety, traceability system, intelligent transportation and online information systems for end-user. Unique features of RFID systems presents a number of potential benefits like improvement in efficiency and speed of operations, increased accuracy of information, minimized labor cost, reduction of inventory losses. This paper is intended to provide readers an overview of recent implementations of RFID in various segment of Agri-food sector together with the obstacles hampering its wide adoption. Basics of RFID tag including types of tag, frequency ranges and standards available for data transmission are also discussed.

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Please give 1 (ONE) example of RFID application.

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Automatic door using infrared sensor

The change in the amount of light.
It's a sensitive detection.
The light is blocked by the person in front of the door.
Infrared sensors detect it.
Infrared sensors transmit the detected signal to the power unit,
There's an automatic door opening.
People perceive it as body temperature, so the sensors can detect far-infrared radiation. we're going to fire infrared or ultrasonic waves. It's a way of reflecting and recognizing. Fire a beam of light, and the beam of light by something. It's a way of detecting and operating in the way that it's blocked.

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1. Lifeband Touch - Wristband to measure the amount of physical activity a user has

• Wearable device in the form of a wristband that tracks user movement to measure the amount of physical activity, such as calorie consumption, walking distance, and so on.
• Touch the OLED screen to check the time, phone information on the smartphone, and remote play smartphone music in the bag.
• Works with smart devices based on iOS and Android to support Bluetooth 4.0

2. Based on input/output functions, information is collected through internal and external sensors. It also searches and controls data through other devices or computers. It also supports wireless communications such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPS.

It is also possible for a "wrist computer" to act as the input/output interface of a remote system, such as a watch with a mobile phone or a watch with a Wi-Fi function.

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Infrared SensorsA device that uses infrared light to detect physical and chemical amounts such as temperature, pressure, and intensity of radiation, and converts them into electricity capable of signal processing.

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Infrared SensorsA device that uses infrared light to detect physical and chemical amounts such as temperature, pressure, and intensity of radiation, and converts them into electricity capable of signal processing.

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The temperature can be measured by various kinds of sensors. Once in contact with a measurement target, it can be distinguished by a contact formula that responds to changes in temperature, and a contactless temperature sensor that detects the energy emitted by the measurement target.

Principle of Temperature SensorTop Thermocouple Temperature Sensor Thermocouple Temperature Sensor
Thermocouples are basically made of two bars and different metals and are made up of wires that they meet at the end. At a certain point in time, changes in temperature result in changes in electromotive force (emf) between the two ends. As the temperature rises, the output emf of the thermocouple rises, but is not necessarily linear. The two different metals in a thermocouple, namely, different types of metal, such as J, K, T, E, N, R, S, B, C, G, and D, vary in temperature range and electromotive force-to-temperature value data.RTD Temperature Sensor and Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) / Thermistor
The RTD and thermistor are resistive temperature sensors, which take advantage of the fact that the electrical resistance of the material changes as the temperature changes. RTD relies on metal resistance changes and the resistance rises approximately linearly to temperature. The thermistor is based on a change in the resistance of the semiconductor, and as the temperature rises, the resistance drops non-linearly.Infrared Thermometer Infrared Thermometer
The infrared thermometer is a contactless temperature sensor. The infrared sensor measures the heat radiation from the material and deduces the temperature. Sensor used when the measurement accuracy varies depending on the radiation rate of the measurement object and the measurement distance, but the measurement target cannot be contacted.Bimetal Thermometer Bimetal Temperature Sensor
Bimetal equipment uses the difference in thermal expansion rates between different metals. The design is a combination of two metal bars, with one side expanding and bending more than the other as the measurement ends are heated, which is read as temperature on mechanically connected scales. These equipment are portable and do not require a power supply, but are not as accurate as Thermo Couple or RTD and are difficult to provide information for temperature recording.Liquid glass thermometer liquid expansion temperature sensor
Liquid expansion temperature sensors are commonly used in schools and homes, usually available in two types: mercury and organic liquid. Some use gases instead of liquids. Mercury is defined as an environmental hazard, and mercury thermometers are now rarely used. The liquid expansion temperature sensor does not require power and is safe to use repeatedly without the risk of explosion. On the other hand, it does not produce easily recordable and transferable data and does not make point measurements.Temperature label state change temperature sensor
The state change temperature sensor consists of liquid crystals that change shape when a certain temperature is reached, such as temperature labels, pellets, temperature crayons, and temperature lockers. Temperature labels, for example, attach to a measurement target, and when the measurement target exceeds a certain temperature, the white dot on the attached sensor label changes to black. This equipment does not respond to short-term temperature changes because the response time usually takes a few minutes. And the accuracy is lower than other types of sensors. In addition, the change in state is irreversible except for liquid crystal displays. However, a health change sensor is useful, for example, if you need to make sure that the temperature of the equipment or material has not exceeded a certain level while the product is being shipped.

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Flame sensors are opto-electronic used to sense presence or absence and quality of fire and provides signals to the control devices. Flame sensors find applications in safety settings too, such as in under-the-hood fire suppression systems and in process plants where the existence of flammable materials makes fire monitoring a necessity.
I would like to mention Ultra violet flame sensors as an example. These sensors are commonly employed in industrial gas burners where they are relatively shielded from the presence of visible light or infrared radiation. They are susceptible to the detection of sparks and similar high-energy light, so they must be placed carefully to avoid false readings. They can also be used in processes burning light fuel oils.

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High performance in a small size – disruptive CO2 sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS)

Use Infineon’s XENSIVTM PAS CO2 sensor to track the environment you are in – for improved health, productivity and overall well-being.

Increasingly efficient building insulation can help to mitigate the effects of climate change, but heavily-insulated buildings are not always good for human health. Poor ventilation can result in lower oxygen levels and a build-up of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Even moderate levels of CO₂ can have a negative impact on health and productivity. Already at 1000ppm, people begin to experience drowsiness and have difficulty concentrating. Consequently, there is a growing demand for smart indoor air quality sensors that can “smell” rising levels of CO₂ and either alert the user or trigger a system response.

Measure what matters with our XENSIV™ PAS CO2 sensor

With the current pandemic, awareness of indoor air quality is rising, making accurate, affordable monitoring solutions like the XENSIV™ PAS CO2 sensor more important than ever. It has been shown that a correlation exists between the concentration of CO₂ and aerosols, one of the transmission pathways of COVID-19. Therefore, if we can reliably measure the CO₂ level in an indoor space, we can actively manage the risk of virus transmission.

Widespread adoption of CO₂ sensors has so far been hampered by size, performance and cost constraints. Infineon’s XENSIV™ PAS CO2 sensor leverages photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) technology to provide an exceptionally small, real CO₂ sensor, overcoming the challenges of existing CO₂ sensor solutions. Its unprecedentedly small form factor in SMD (Surface Mounted Device) package allows for smooth high-volume assembly and easy system integration.

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Pressure Sensor

A pressure sensor is a device that senses pressure and converts it into an electric signal where the amount depends upon the pressure applied.
Pressure sensors are used for control and monitoring in thousands of everyday applications. Pressure sensors can also be used to indirectly measure other variables such as fluid/gas flow, speed, water level, and altitude. Pressure sensors can alternatively be called pressure transducers, pressure transmitters, pressure senders, pressure indicators, piezometers and manometers, among other names.