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Checks and Balances: United States v. Nixon

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Checks and Balances: United States v. Nixon

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The United States v. Nixon case took place in 1974. In 1972, Nixon ordered some members of his administration to break-in to the Watergate office building where the Democratic National Committee was headquartered. The offices were bugged, and recordings were made of the conversations in the offices by his opponents. Nixon refused to turn-over the tapes to the court. He was impeached and was forced to resign. President Nixon was investigated by the US Congress (legislative branch) and then the supreme court (judicial branch) ruled that this was abuse of his power and he was impeached. This shows how government has stability because it makes sure the president is not too powerful.

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The Flag Desecration amendment was proposed in 1968. It is also known as the flag-burning amendment. This is a failed amendment, it was never passed. It was originally going to prohibit the burning or destroying of the American Flag. People thought that the "desecration" of the flag should have punishable consequences because it is a national symbol and should be respected. This shows how our government provents change from happening too quickly because it was never passed and so no quick change took place, keeping the current laws the same.

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Martiv v. Hunter's Less was a court case that took place in 1814. In this case, the state of Virginia and the Surpreme Court (federal government) fought over who owned the land that once belonged to Lord Fairfax. He originally left the land to his newphew (Denny Martin) after he died. Virginia then transferred the land back to the state. The Surpreme Court ruled in favor of Martin. This is an example of federalism because the federal government overruled the state. This shows the stability of our government because it prevented the state of Virginia from taking the land, not allowing change.

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The 27th amendment was ratified in 1992. This amendment limits Congress from raising their own salaries. In other words, Congress cannot increase their own amount of income until the representitives have allowed it. Before this, there was no law preventing Congress from increasing their payment. This limits govenment because it prevents Congress from having too much power, in this case, over themselves. This represents how our government is stable because it makes sure Congress cannot change things (in this case their salary) too quickly.

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The Ludlow amendment was a proposed and failed amendment, first proposed in 1935. This amendment was supposed to call for a referendum on any decleration of war that was proposed by Congress. The original arguement and the reason this amendment was proposed was because people thought that if people must fight in war, they should get a say in if the war should or should not happen. This is an example of rule by the people, and it shows how the government is stable because they did not allow this change to happen. Also, the government prevented what could have been an amendment the people would control.

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The Controlled Substances Act was passed in 1970. This act established a federal drug policy for the US. It was signed into law by President Richard Nixon. This act has 5 schedules (classifications) of drugs. This allows each substance to be catogorized, and the consequences and punishments of each schedule are different. Before this act, the laws about drugs were not enforced as well and the cosequences were different depending on which case. Also, each state had a different law about drug use, creating confusing and diverse laws. This shows how our country works dynamically because it changes the drug laws when more problems occur.

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Furman v. Georgia was a case where the Surpreme Court struck down all death penalty schemes with a 5-4 vote. William Henry Furman was sentenced to death after accused murder of a victim. The Surpreme Court then ruled this was against the 8th amendment and that it counted as "cruel and unusual punishment". The Court then ruled that the death penalty was illegal for rape and murder cases. This court case represents the dynamism of our government because it created a new representation of the 8th amendment, allowing change over time.

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In 1967, The Surpreme Court ruled that anti-miscegenation laws were unconstitutional. In the Loving v. Virginia court case, two people were sentenced to a year in prison for interracial marrige. Many states before this had already deemed interracial marriage legal, but this law was now for all 50 states. Before this law was passed, the legislative branch banned interracial marriage and the executive branch enforced that. The judicial branch then over ruled this, and a new law was passed making interracial marriage legal. This law represent the dynamism of our government because it changed a law from how it was previously.

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The 22nd amendment was ratified in 1951. This amendment created a time limit to presidential terms. Before this, there was no limit to how many terms a president could remain in office, or how many years. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to four terms. This amendment made it so no president could be in office for more than two terms (eight years). This amendment shows the dynamism of our government because it changed how long a president can be in office, limiting the time.

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The 19th amendment was ratified in 1920. This amendment gave women the right to vote. Before this, only men were allowed to vote. Congress created the 15th amendment which allowed men of any race the right to vote. This kept our government dynamic because it allowed popular sovereignty to all genders, giving any sex the right to vote.

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This side represents how the government has stability, preventing changes from happening too quickly.

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This side represents how our government works dynamically to allow change over time.