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Tupes christal
big 5 traits dimensions
openness
conscientiousness
extroversion
agreeableness
neurotic-ism

Hans/Sybil
many individual variations can be reduced to two or three genetically introduced dimensions
3 traits
extrovert/introvert
stability/instability
neurotic-ism/ psychotic-ism

Walter Mischel
people's behavior appears consistent b/c of people's initial perceptions of them
initial stand out and we view later actions as supporting how we "think" they are
mean at first we see them only doing mean things

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Alfred Adler
believes problems stem from tensions in childhood social situations
childhood feelings of inferiority;y
try to over come these feelings
pros: leads to trying harder
Neg: overcompensation
Inferiority complex (i'm not as good as...)
later found humanism
ideas of birth order impacts our personality

Oldest
responsible mature high achiever
middle easy going, friendly
youngest
immature, funny baby like
only child
much like the oldest can have difficulties sharing
oldest onlys and should marry middles
first born
energetic
logical
ambitious
enterprising
scholarly

middle 1
loner
quiet shy
impatient
uptight

middle two
outgoing
friendly
loud
laid back
patient

Babys
risk takers
idealists
good-sense of humor
hard working
immature
attention seeking
secretive
sensitive
go against norm no boundaries
should marry "onlys"

only
mature faster
get along well with older people
responsible
self centered
perfectionists
attention seekers
use adults language
prefer adult company have difficulty sharing

Twins

Leader twin
resemble first born
aggressive l
loud outspoken opinionated intolerant

Follower twin
resemble shy middle child shy longer quiet blend into the background undefiant

Parents
parents marital status
parenting style
critical eye
parents birth order
how strict the parent is

Gender
double birth order

separate families
more than a five year gap
start a new family

adoption/remarriage
bumped either up or down on birth order scale
all depends on agea t the time and where other kids fall

death of parent/sibling
bump a child either up or down
have different effects when a parent dies
"ghost children"

Humanism
Abraham Maslow
hierarchy of needs
physiological
safety
love/belonging
esteem
self-actualization

Carl Rodgers
people are basically good
unconditional positive regard
personal growth is influenced by those around especially those who are genuine and caring
self concept influences your conception of the world "who am i?"
+image=+world
-image= -world

Social theorists
albert Bandura
bobo doll
social modeling

cognitive theorists
Julian Rotter
locus of control (internal vs. external)

internal what happens to you is based on your doing
external what happens to you is beyond your control

Martin Seligman
learned helplessness

psychologists today are less concerned with theories on personality but with analyzing traits their origin and their impact on behavior

Gordon Allport
interviews freud believes he ignores the conscious obvious
studies fundamental basic traits
believed their 2800 traits
concerned with describing personality not explaining it

Cattell
16 traits (done by factor analysis)

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Freud
psycho-sexual stages

oral stage (0-1.5)
pleasure center in mouth
fixation
oral fixation
dependency

anal stage (1.5-3.5)
pleasure center in anus and elimination
fixations
anal retentive(neat; private bathroom)
anal explosive (messy life; potty party)

phalllic stage (3.5-6)
pleasure center in genitals
jealousy of same sexx parent
fixations

Oedipus complex (replace mother and marry father)

Electra somplex (k. Horney) replace mother and marry father

Penis Envy (womens's desire to possess same organ as men)

Cinderella complex (fear of independence and want to be cared for by opposite sex)

Peter pan complex (desire to remain young forever)

Latency Period (6-12)
lose interest in ippostie sex
cootie period

Genital stage (Puberty)
full adult sexuality
must work on fixations
unresolved problems surface

Karen Horney
gave women a boive tries to disvredit freud;s opinion that women had weaker superehgos and penis envy
basic anxiety are feelings of insecurity resulting form feelings of lonelineess and isolation during childhood
ways of coping with anxiety
compliant (submit to others)
aggressive (hostile towards others)
Detached (withdraw from others)
disagreed with Freud's penis envy so she created womb envy

# data[].attributes.body
Defense mechanisms

repression
forgetting situations causing painful emotions on purpse

denial
rejection an intolerable reality

rationalization
substituting a more acceptable but false reason for one's behavior (i failed because the teacher hates me)

reaction formation
modifying an anxiety causing impulse by performing in ways opposite to one's true feelings (snakes; nice to face hate behind back)

Projection
seeing on'es personality traits attitudes or faults in other but no tin oneself (hypocrite)

Regression
retreating to an earlier developmental level involving less mature responses (boys when they are sick)

undoing
apologizing for doing something

sublimation
people re channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

displacement
shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person (kick the dog)

Compensation
covering up weakness or frustration by over gratifying oneself in another area

fantasy
gratifying frustrated desires in imaginary achievements

identification
increasing on'es feeling of self worth by identifying oneself with people or places of importance

internationalization
people use extensive vocabulary to explain relatively simple terms

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Frued 1856-1939

psyche(mind) + Dynamic(energy)= personality

Unconscious
studied all men
very sexist
obsessed with sex (libido) and aggression
detailed dream analysis/wrote many books
blamed mom for everything

Id (devil on shoulder)

prsent at birht
compoletely unconscious
pleasure principle
all needs should e satisfied immediately unsatisfied needs=anxiety
wish fulfillment
forming a mental image of a situation that satisfies the instinct eg. dreams

Ego
conyrols thinking and reasoning
operates in conscious and preconscious
reality princliole safely and successfully meet needs of ID
only ID and Ego = selfish and unsocial
morality/conscience is missing

Superego (moral watch dog)
not present at birth
compares ego actions with ego ideal
ego ideal standard of excellence for ego to strive for winning
Carl Jung

disagreed with significance frued put on libido

2 unconscious
personal - no mans land (if chosen)
Collective- influential

Persona
ego - outer self
self (personal unconscious)
shadow (collective unconscious)
anima/animus -everyone has both despite gender

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I dont

Image 1
thinking about life

Image 2
boy wanting to go out and play during great depression

# data[].attributes.body
Big 5 personality traits
O- penness
C- ontentiousness
E- xtravert
A- greeableness
N- euroticism

social self
how others see you

self fulfilling prophecy
perform how people expect you too

private self
our inner world
your feelings and attitudes
don't share with others

objective test
personality test
yes or no answers
written and scored in standard way

personalityl
what is consistent about you
what is unique about you

text def
the sum total of characteristics that classify someone as an individual

role
this is a persona you play in society

self-concept
you view yourself
3 parts:

1. body self
physcial traits
2 socail self
3. inner self

objective personality test
fromt he outside
interview
directed - sturcture
non directed- no structure (oreo)
2. observation

slef interview
a. t/f mmpi(lie detector test)
agreement scale likert scale
adjective check list
aspects rating (1-10)

strgethens
easy fast consistent scoring

Weakness
superficial you can figure the tests out

projective personality test
1. word association test
stimulus words
can explain response
2. Thematic apperception test
uses pictures
imagination
henry murray

Rorschach test
inkblots
Herman Rorschach
ink on page folder together

# data[].attributes.body
easy going
determined
kind
respectful
independent

maddie:
athletic, smart, respectful,