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Rousseau was the philosopher who created the social contract. The social contract was an agreement with the individuals that the would have their rights protected.
John Lock was an enlightenment philosopher who made the three natural rights which were life, liberty and property.

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During his time, Napoleon Bonaparte achieved much positive for his people.    Napoleon started lycees which were public schools for citizens.                            He made tax collection more fair which allowed for the government to count on steady supplies of money.                            - Napoleon removed dishonest government workers which bettered the government as a whole.                                He also gained the support of the organized church by giving back some of its power but not all. This was possible only because he signed an agreement to the pope.

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The cause of the Revolution of 1848 was the nationalists wanting their own nation-states. Nation states are national governments that are independent from royal rule and serve people and their ideals. Within 20 years, nationalists turned Germany and Italy into two unified nations. The Revolution of 1830 was to overthrow King Charles X.

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The congress of Vienna was about meetings for the purpose of restoring order to Europe. The effects thereafter was taken seriously by a few besides, the nations promised to strive for the christian virtues of charity and peace. The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire,  and maintain the peace between the great powers. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo. The third goal was that he wanted legitimacy.

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Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799). He established a national bank in France, converted France to the metric system, built new roads, reformed the army, attempted to rebuild the navy, brought France out of bankruptcy, codified a new legal system, incorporated Frances new territories and worked to legitimatize his reign. Napoleon's Napoleonic Code made the authority of men over their families stronger, deprived women of any individual rights, and reduced the rights of illegitimate children.

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The Reign of Terror also known as The Terror , was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Griondins and Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution". The death toll ranged in the tens of thousands, with 16,594 executed by guillotine and another 25,000 in summary executions across France. Maximilian Robespierre- Jacobin leader who seized control of National Convention and Committee of Public Safety; later instituted Reign of Terror, targeting those whose philosophies differed from his own. Robespierre was the leader of the Reign of Terror.

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The Estates- General was the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General, a general assembly representing the French: the clergy (First Estate), the nobles (Second Estate), and the common people (Third Estate). Summoned by King Louis XVI to propose solutions to his government's financial problems.

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The basic principle of the Declaration was that all “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” (Article 1), which were specified as the rights of liberty, private property, the inviolability of the person, and resistance to oppression (Article 2). The Declaration of the Rights of Man, then, is very important because it helped to bring about the idea that all people everywhere have a basic set of rights by virtue of the fact that they are human. The Declaration of the Rights of Man takes ideas from the American Declaration of Independence (which was of course inspired by European Enlightenment thinkers) and makes them more specific, as well it was very similar to the American English Bill of Rights. The major difference is that the French document claims that these rights are inherent to all men (not including women at that time) whereas the American Bill of Rights is specifically about America.

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There were many similarities and differences when it comes to the French and American Revolution. For example, in the American Revolution, the colonists were rebelling against their ruler. The colonist who rebel did not kill the English ruler of the time, King George III. While in the French Revolution, they were also rebelling against their ruler but unlike the American colonist, the citizens in France beheaded their King. In the end it doesn't matter if either countries ruler was killed or left alive, it all comes down to the citizens rebelling so that they can gain freedom and equality.

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The start of the French Revolution was due to a build-up of inequalities, bankruptcy, and the influence of The Enlightenment and the American Revolution. The First and Second Estates, which was made up of the rich nobles, did not have to pay taxes, and had special privileges. In contrast, the Third Estate was made up of the townspeople who worked hard every day, and paid heavy taxes. This inequality angered the townspeople. The king before Louis XVI was Louis XIV. He spent too much money and caused the government to go into a downward spiral.