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- eliminated slavery by constitutional amendment
- John Quincy Adams is the main vocalist in abolishing slavery

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- extended national rights to citizens regardless of their race
-addresses rights concerning citizenship, equal protection of laws, and addressed issues concerning former slaves after the civil war

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- Granted African American men the right to vote

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Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948)

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Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948)

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- President Harry Truman ordered to desegregate the Armed Forces
- required military to provide equal opportunities for all citizens and this eventually led to the end of segregation in the services

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- died in a brutal murder after he winked at white women and the husband and friend beat him
- sparked the civil rights movement
-got a court case in which the murderers were found not guilty due to an all white jury

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- civil rights activist who got arrested when she refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man in 1955
- sparked the civil rights movement

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- A desegregate central high school in Little Rock, AR, became integrated and nine African Americans enrolled
- the governor then didn't allow them to go there and then they got taken to court
- the nine students then won and the national guard had to protect them when they went to school

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- series of nonviolent demonstrations by African American college students at a segregated lunch counter
- staged to end racial inequalities in the South
- led to sit-ins across the U.S.

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- a series of organized interstate bus rides where 16 black and white CORE members would ride together
- used to directly oppose the discriminatory Jim Crow Laws in southern states

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- More than 250,000 demonstrators protested in front of the nation's capital to protest for civil rights
- Dr. King's "I Have A Dream" speech was spoken there and pressured JFK to create a strong federal civil rights bill on Congress

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- Sent because he was apart of a nonviolent protest
- Wrote the famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

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- A letter written to two of MLK Jr's pastoral colleagues about segregation while he was imprisoned
- this brought more attention to the civil rights movement

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- Nonviolent direct action campaign organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) against racial segregation
- turning point in struggle for civil rights because the protests were in the most segregate city

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- Prohibited the federal and state governments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen can participate in a federal election
- was adopted to respond to policies made in Southern states that limited political participation of African Americans

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Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1964)

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Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1964)

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- eliminated discrimination in employment
- the EEOC investigates instances of discrimination in the workplace and ensures equality

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-addressed a number of important civil rights issues on 27 pages
- it prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin in public places as well as employment discrimination

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- 1st law to guarantee full voting rights of Americans
- authorized use of federal voting registrars, prevented states from changing election laws without clearance, and suspended literacy tests

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- Fair Housing Act
- designed to prohibit discrimination in the sale, rental, advertising, and financing of housing

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- was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee
- his death sparked an enormous wave of riots and looting in urban areas throughout the nation
- it also brought the idealistic phase of civil rights to a close

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- 1st African American to play Major League Baseball
- was an exceptional athlete; receiving scholarships
- was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan

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- Wisconsin's school attendance law was unconstitutional to the Amish, since it violated free exercise of religion
- Three Amish fathers refused to enroll their children which conflicted with the state's law of attendance in school til the age of 16
- Court ruled that the state law was not applicable to the Amish

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- controversial decision concerning state laws restricting abortion with a 7 to 2 majority
- case spawned a lot of opposition called for amendments that would eliminate legal abortions