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Moral reasoning can be influenced by our culture and the society in which we live.

The influence of socio-cultural factors becomes stronger as we age.

Some aspects of moral reasoning, such as judging antisocial behaviour as bad, may be universal.

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The children's responses were converted into points scored (e.g. very, very good = 3, neutral = 0, very, very bad = -3)

a number of similarities between the 2 groups, both rated lying in antisocial situations negatively and both rated truth-telling positively.

Chinese children tended to rate truth-telling less positively than their Canadian counterparts. In fact, Chinese children rated lying in pro social situations significantly more positively than the Canadians.

These cultural distinctions became more obvious within older age groups, with children increasingly rating lying as positive in pro social situations. 70% Chinese 11 year olds rated lying positively compared to just 25% of Chinese 7 year olds.

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For each cultural group, half the children were assigned to a social story condition, and the other half a physical story condition.

Each participant was read 4 different stories specially  written to be familiar to school children of both cultures.

2 of the stories were 'pro social' which meant the child character was doing good deeds. The other 2 stories were 'anti social' which meant the child character was doing a bad deed.

In 2 of the stories the child character would also lie to their teacher about the deed and in the other 2 they would tell the truth.

The children were shown a 7-point rating chart from 'very, very good' to 'very, very naughty' which they could use to rate the child characters actions.

The child was asked, 'was what he (or she) did  good  or naughty?' twice. Once after the child did the action and again after the second part of the story.

The child could respond verbally, non-verbally or both using the rating scale.

The stories were read to the children in their own language with illustrations. The interviewer also alternated the words 'good' and 'naughty'.

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120 Chinese children

108 Canadian children

3 groups aged 7,9 and 11

Chinese children were from a medium city called Hangzhou

Canadian children were from a small city called Fredericton

Chinese children class were unknown

Canadian children were generally middle-class