# data[].attributes.body
The legal protection available to the shareholders of privately and publicly owned corporations under which the financial liability of each shareholder for the company's debts and obligations is limited to the par value of his or her fully paid-up shares. The company itself, as a legal entity, is liable for the rest. Also called limited personal liability.

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team
A group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete a task, job, or project.
Team members
1 operate with a high degree of interdependence,
2 share authority and responsibility for self-management,
3 are accountable for the collective performance, and
4 work toward a common goal and shared rewards(s). A team becomes more than just a collection of people when a strong sense of mutual commitment creates synergy, thus generating performance greater than the sum of the performance of its individual members.
group
A collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, common feeling of camaraderie, and who work together to achieve a common set of goals.

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team level measuring
team performance the team process the team can be measure on internal logic and group decisions .
teams result . the team can be measure on its work results or products .
individual level : an employee's contrubutions to the team
after all the work we have done with our fellow team mades we needed to the evaluated them , and they have to evaluated us
we needed to grade in scale from 1-10 if each member of the team worked fine .
In my group we all give to each other a positive feedback because every one worked fine and contributed with something to the team

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The word "leadership" can bring to mind a variety of images. For example:

A political leader, pursuing a passionate, personal cause.

An explorer, cutting a path through the jungle for the rest of his group to follow.

An executive, developing her company's strategy to beat the competition.

Leaders help themselves and others to do the right things. They set direction, build an inspiring vision, and create something new. Leadership is about mapping out where you need to go to "win" as a team or an organization; and it is dynamic, exciting, and inspiring.
in conclusion we can say that leadership is the capacity to guide a group or your self to achieve a goal

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in class we made an exercise of what we see.In the blackboard where some images of people doing this so we observe the people and then we play on our own thoughts what we see, it can be a boy a girl and it depends on your interpretation what the boy or girl can be doing also this idea fits in to things .
then we walked through the school taking pictures and then make our own interpretation by observation

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Most productivity methods give you tools to tackle specific projects or to-dos in an organized way. Kaizen, which translates roughly to "good change," is a Japanese productivity philosophy that helps you organize everything you do. In short, it means "constant, continuous improvement," and is a mindset you can apply anywhere, at any job.

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Most productivity methods give you tools to tackle specific projects or to-dos in an organized way. Kaizen, which translates roughly to "good change," is a Japanese productivity philosophy that helps you organize everything you do. In short, it means "constant, continuous improvement," and is a mindset you can apply anywhere, at any job.

Kaizen is less of a productivity "system" that you use to organize a to-do list and more of a philosophy. Unlike the Getting Things Done (GTD) method and the Pomodoro Technique, Kaizen is a way of thinking and organizing everything-from the way you work to the way your team works together.

What Is Kaizen?

While Kaizen translates just to "good change" and doesn't really have much implied meaning beyond that, in productivity circles the term means "constant, continual improvement." Put simply, every aspect of an organization should, at all times, strive to do what it does better. The philosophy first appeared when several Japanese businesses, shortly after World War II, embraced the idea that doing things the way they've always been done was a bad idea, especially when better options were available that would make them more competitive. Inspired by western competitors and manufacturing methods, "Kaizen" came to be synonymous with company-wide efforts to improve upon and intelligently streamline business practices and manufacturing methods while simultaneously respecting the product, craft, or the people involved with making it.

This kind of continuous improvement can be broken down into six steps:

1. Standardize: Come up with a process for a specific activity that's repeatable and organized.

2. Measure: Examine whether the process is efficient using quantifiable data, like time to complete, hours spent, etc.

3. Compare: Compare your measurements against your requirements. Does this process save time? Does it take too much time? Does it accomplish the desired result?

4. Innovate: Search for new, better ways to do the same work or achieve the same result. Look for smarter, more efficient routes to the same end-goal that boost productivity.

5. Standardize: Create repeatable, defined processes for those new, more efficient activities.

6. Repeat: Go back to step one and start again.

It may seem exhausting, but once it's part of your mental approach to work, or your company (or team) culture, it'll feel very natural. If you're always looking for better ways to do things, and you're always willing to give them a try, it's just a step up to formalize it and make sure everyone's on the same page.

Of course, we should point out that Kaizen is not change for change's sake. It's deliberate, constant improvement, and changes that don't actually bring you rewards shouldn't be made. Productivity is a double-edged sword after all. You can spend more time trying out new things and researching new tools than you would actually doing your work. Remember, the best productivity system is the one that helps you get things done, and the best apps are the ones you'll actually use. Keep that in mind when you're looking for ways to optimize your work.

Kaizen In Action: The Toyota Production System

Many associate Kaizen with the Toyota Production System, which uses Kaizen as one of its core business principles. A famous story (that's all but legend in business schools) goes that Toyota is so committed to continuous improvement that any worker on a Toyota assembly line could stop the line at any time to address a problem in production, correct an error, or suggest to management a better way to do things that reduces waste or improves efficiency.

The whole story goes like this: American auto execs visited Toyota plants to find out how their Japanese counterparts were able to produce so many vehicles with such little waste and so few errors. By contrast, their own plants were managing to keep production high, but had a remarkably high error rate at the end of the line. One mistake somewhere along the assembly line-like a door badly soldered, a steering wheel misaligned, or the wrong bolts in the wrong places-would make it all the way to the end of production, and then the vehicle would have to be disassembled and reassembled to correct the error. Doing so cost more money than if the error had been corrected immediately, or if it had never happened in the first place.

The visiting execs watched Toyota's process in action and were stunned at how it worked. It was unimaginable for a single line worker to have the ability to stop the line without the approval of a foreman, much less have anything worthwhile to suggest to management as far as line policy or procedure were concerned. The idea of rewarding employees for fixing errors immediately-even if it wasn't their job-was unheard of, especially since the going logic at the time was "no matter what, don't stop the line." The visiting execs, the story concludes, went home and implemented similar procedures. They started to reward people who sought out better ways to work together, or to get the job done, and they rewarded people for quality work instead of just more work.

As rosy as that story may be, those tenets are core to Kaizen as a productivity philosophy. Once embraced, the goal is to do better work, not just more work (to work smarter, not harder, as it were.) Similarly, it's important to make time to look for improvements and optimizations. Of course, this isn't for the sake of change, but to make your work-and by extension, your life-better. As always, the bottom line is to find a way to spend less time on the things you have to do, and gives you more time to do the things you want to do.

How to Make Kaizen Work for You

Kaizen is easy to implement. Since it's more of a mental philosophy than an actual methodology, there are no tools to buy, apps to download, or planners to scribble in. Instead, making Kaizen work for you largely involves changing your approach to your work. It may seem like Kaizen has to be a corporate philosophy, but Kaizen works on a personal level, too. Here are a few tips.

First, stay on the lookout for better ways to do your own work. If you're usually busy, set aside regular time to get in touch with your work and your priorities. You can spend that downtime making sure you're doing things right-or doing your work in the best way possible. The one-hour Weekly Review is a good way to do this, since the goal of the review is to do just that. It takes you out of the trenches and gives you a 10,000-foot view of your work. Alternatively, use an app like RescueTime to track how you work. You'll get valuable insight into how you spend your day, and where your time goes. With that perspective, you can see how you spend your time, where it's being wasted, and get more engaged with why you're doing what you do.

Similarly, Google employees famously used to spend 20% of their time looking for better ways to work, and 80% of their time doing their regular jobs. Google has since minimized the policy, but the idea is still sound. If you can carve out time to try new ways to work, or try passion projects that may take you in new and interesting directions, you'll get that time back when you discover better techniques or faster tools. If 20% seems aggressive, try 10%-even a few hours a week talking to your boss about ways you can streamline your work, clear your plate, or a new tool that makes everyone's job easier can make a world of difference-as long as you're open to it and looking for it. That's slow, continuous, constant improvement.

When you do find a way to make your work more efficient, spend some time investigating it. If it meshes with your style and the type of work that you do, give it a shot and see if it saves you time. If you work on a team, be open to constructive criticism and feedback from the people you work with. You never know when someone you work with will propose a change or tweak to your current way of doing things that can save time and energy for everyone. If you're immediately defensive because "this is the way we've always done things," you may miss a valuable opportunity to do things better. Remember, start small, and take small steps. That's the essence of Kaizen.

How to Keep Kaizen In Mind When You're Busy with Work

The practical applications of Kaizen are great, but they still involve getting time away from your work so you can think about how to do your work better. It's also important to keep the basic principles in mind while you're working -you don't want to be so absorbed in your job that you miss something important, or shy away from speaking up when you have something to offer. You don't, for example, want to be the assembly line worker who sees the half-attached bumper and wrong tires mounted to the vehicle you're working on, but let them go down the line because your job is just to attach the side-view mirrors.

One of the immediate benefits of Kaizen is a sense of ownership and the authority over your work. Ideally, everyone should feel engaged with and passionate about the work they do, from start to finish, and everyone should do what it takes to make the final product as good as it can be. Whether you work on the side mirrors or the tire mounting, you should want that vehicle to leave the line in perfect condition. It can be tough if your job tries to isolate you, or you feel disengaged and beaten down, but it's that sense of rewarding work that really keeps us motivated. If you don't have it, do what you can to get it, or look for a job where you can.

Similarly, another principle of Kaizen is to minimize waste wherever possible. That doesn't just mean wasted time and energy doing your work, but wasted effort that's tangential to work. Spending time in meetings that don't need to happen, for example, or writing up status reports that never get read, are good examples of waste that could give you time back to work-or look for better ways to work. Sure, some meetings have to happen, and status reports can be important, but if they're not helpful, offload them, find a way to automate them, or delegate them to someone else. If managing your inbox takes up too much of your day, look for systems that will organize it for you or automate it entirely so you only see and deal with what's important. Every hour you power through because you think you don't have time to try something better is an hour wasted.

It's easy to just keep doing things the familiar way just to make it to the end of the day, but doing so stifles improvement. When you look for better ways to work, you learn new skills, accomplish goals you're proud of, make yourself more valuable to your job (or any job), make positive changes, and of course, save time and energy. It's not easy, but it's worth it.

Additional Reading

At this stage, you have the tools to start applying Kaizen to your personal productivity philosophy. We've covered the basics here, but if you want to read more on the topic, here are a few resources:

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Even at its most basic level, all you have to do is keep your eyes open for and embrace ways to improve when they appear. With just a little effort and attention to detail, Kaizen can serve as a kind of "productivity philosophy" that rests on top of everything else you do.
Title image by Tina Mailhot-Roberge. Photos by Jason OX4, Daniel, Ella Phillips, and Sonny Abesamis.

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Get Better at Getting Better: The Kaizen Productivity Philosophy

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Most productivity methods give you tools to tackle specific projects or to-dos in an organized way. Kaizen, which translates roughly to "good change," is a Japanese productivity philosophy that helps you organize everything you do. In short, it means "constant, continuous improvement," and is a mindset you can apply anywhere, at any job.

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COMPANY:A voluntary association formed and organized to carry on a business. Types of companies include sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability, corporation, and public limited company.
when you incorporate a company you are creating a separate legal enntity

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What Is A Company - How to Build a Startup

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we thought of a subject in my group 4020 then our teams made a questionary of the subject , to interview two of the autorities of the school like a teacher .
then we go to the middle school to interview the teacher
the interview was about their needs , why they prefer the ITJ school instead of others , unconformities what they like of the school but we also have a good conversation interact with them .Then we registered their answers

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http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/entrepreneurship.html
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/company.html
http://lifehacker.com/get-better-at-getting-better-the-kaizen-productivity-p-1672205148
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_41.htm
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/tea.htmlm

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The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.
In economics entrepreneurship combined with land, labor,natural resources and capital can produce profit. Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by innovation and risk-taking, and is an essential part of a nation's ability to succeed in an ever changing and increasingly competitive global marketplace.
In clase we made a new wallet , a wallet with a new design we made questions and interview about the preferences of people on a wallet and then we made it
after making our design and we have the final prototype we present the wallet to our teacher this is our example of entrepreneurship

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EMPATHIZE: learn about for whom you are designing
DEFINE:construct a point of view that is based on user needs insights
IDEATE: braustorm and come up with creative solutions
and LLC suply put it's the least complex business structure unlike an s corp or c corp an LLC's structure is flexible .It also gives you the perk of pass-throught taxes limited liability (obviously)and legal protection
creating a LLC is an attractive option but there are a few hurdles limited growth potential cannot issue shares of stock to attract inversions and self employment

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Business Tradelines Build Corp Credit with No Risk

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What Are The Benefits of an LLC?

Regardless if you are just beginning your company or have been operating as a sole proprietorship or general partnership, you should look at incorporating your company as an LLC or Limited Liability Company. Many business owners assume it's too pricey or time-consuming, but both assumptions are incorrect.

The advantages of creating an LLC typically overshadow any perceived disadvantages. In this article, we're going to outline what some of the benefits of LLC incorporation are. The main advantage that LLCs offer is the protection of your personal assets. LLCs provide limited liability protection to their owners, making them NOT personally accountable for the company's financial obligations and liabilities. Creditors cannot pursue the private assets - like their house, savings accounts and shares of stock - of the proprietors to pay for business financial obligations. On the other hand, inside a sole proprietorship or general partnership, proprietors and the business are legally considered the same legal entity, making personal assets vulnerable.

LLC companies typically don't pay taxes in the business level. Any company earnings or loss is "passed-through" to proprietors and reported on their own personal tax returns. Any tax due is paid at the individual level. This is different from other types of incorporation where double taxation happens - once when company earnings are taxed, and twice when the owner or shareholder receives profit.

But far beyond protection and taxation, having the LLC after your company name establishes your credibility with your potential clients, employees, suppliers and partners simply because your company is a legal entity.

LLCs also have limited requirements for compliance, unlike S-incorporated companies and C-incorporated companies.

LLCs can establish any business structure decided on by the owners. An LLC company could be handled by the owners or by managers, unlike companies that have a board of company directors who oversee the main business choices of the organization and managers who manage your day-to-day matters.

To create an LLC, a document called Articles of Organization should be filed before the state and the relevant fees must be paid. Many states impose ongoing taxes, for example, annual report tax, and/or franchise tax.

While these costs frequently are not so costly for smaller businesses, LLC formation is more costly compared to a sole proprietorship or general partnership, each of which aren't needed to file for formation documents before the state. In Arizona and New York, LLC owners are also required to publish notice of the LLC formation in local newspapers for weeks. This is often pricey.

Aside from the cost, you will also find that the transfer of ownerships in an LLC is more difficult than other types of incorporations. With businesses that are formed as corporations, ownership can be as simple as assuming shares of stock. In an LLC setting, however, all the owners must approve before adding new proprietors or changing the percentage of ownership of existing proprietors.

Also, since the LLC is really a more recent kind of business structure, there's much less legal precedents compared to corporations. This can be a good or bad thing, depending on how you look at it. Anyway, if you plan on organizing your company as an LLC, you can either do it yourself or have someone else do it for you. If you ask us, however, we think the latter is the more practical option - at least you can focus on running your business instead of going back and forth with government agencies.

If your business is currently operating as a sole proprietorship, changing it to an LLC is to your advantage. The LLC setup is really one that's in the middle of the road. While your personal assets are protected, you still have the flexibility of managing a business hands-on instead of being operated by a board of directors (as in the case of corporations).

Until lately, becoming a business corporation was the only real protection to entrepreneurs for limiting their personal liability in business. With the LLC, business owners are now able to defend themselves against any present and future liabilities from the business without needing to incorporate. Also, as more and more states recognize the LLC structure, the tax benefits to your organization cannot be over-emphasized.

For individual business proprietors, the LLC provides a one-person LLC form, that is taxed like a sole proprietorship. You can be paid through the profits of your company, which are taxed at the owner's lower marginal tax bracket. You will also benefit from the pass-through of your business losses.

For companies with multiple proprietors, the LLC form offers similar tax benefits and other advantages of the corporate form. When the proprietors or people of the LLC do nothing at all, their LLC is going to be taxed like a partnership by default. However, they are able to elect for the LLC to become taxed like a corporate organization, which is often the preferred option. And within that choice are two other choices - to be taxed as either an S or perhaps a C corporation.

When the proprietors from the LLC wish to keep the business's profits within the LLC to be able to facilitate the development from the business, the most well-liked choice is a C corporation. Under this type, the LLC's profits are only subject to the minimal corporate tax rate of 15 %, which is most probably lower than the personal marginal tax rates of the owners. And when the LLC's proprietors/people wish to receive compensation, they may be compensated W-2 wages for his or her efforts related to the business.

If, however, the proprietors from the LLC wish to some of the profits from the business, the most well-liked election is definitely an S corporation. Each owner or member will get their professional rate share from the LLC's bottom line profit as a distribution of profit, which is taxed as personal income, but is not charged self-employment tax.
If you think organizing an LLC is best for you, go ahead and do the necessary work to organize your business that way.

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LLC - Business Tradelines Build Corp Credit with No Risk

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What Are The Benefits of an LLC? Regardless if you are just beginning your company or have been operating as a sole proprietorship or general partnership, you should look at incorporating your company as an LLC or Limited Liability Company. Many business owners assume it's too pricey or time-consuming, but both assumptions are incorrect.