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History: In 1887, an account of the city from Francis Younghusband gave knowledge that Turpan consisted of two walled towns, a Chinese one, and about a mile to the west, a Turk town.

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Climate: Turpan has an extreme desert climate with long, hot summers and very cold winters, with brief springs and falls in between.

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Trading: Kashgar was known for trading silk, gold, many spices and gemstones.

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1. Until the muslim conquest of persia Ctesiphon served as the winter capital of the iranian empire
2. In the parthian and sasanian eras it ruled as the royal capital of the iranian empire for over 800 years
3. While the Roman-Parthian wars where raging Ctesiphon fell to the romans three times and two times during sasanian rule afterward
4. Ctesiphon is latin and dervives from an ancient name
5. Ctesiphon was established in the late 120s bc and was built off of a military camp

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1. Hecatompylos also known as Qumis is an ancient city that was close to collapsing when it was revived as a Seleucid outpost
2. Hecatompylos means one hundred gates in Greek which was commonly used if a city had more that four gates
3. Alexander the great stopped here and after his death it officially was a part of the Seleucid empire
4. The city was taken by the Parni tribe around 240 BCE and it was made part of Parthian empire
5. After it was taken by the Parni it was made one of the very first capitals of the Parthian empire

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History: Kashgar was first heard of when a Chinese Han dynasty traveled the Silk Road to explore the west lands. In 1933, Uighur and Kirghiz forces attacked Kashgar, trying to take it from the Chinese Muslim, and succeeded. But later in 1934, the Muslims defeated them and took back Kashgar.

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Taklamakan Desert, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Taklamakan Desert, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Taklamakan Desert, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Taklamakan Desert, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Taklamakan Desert, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Taklamakan Desert, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Climate: Kashgar has a desert climate, with hot summers and cold winters, the temperature differing greatly between those times. Spring is long while fall is much shorter. It's also one of the driest cities on Earth, so the wettest month May only has an average of 0.5 inches of rain. Snowfall is rare, and there can be up to around 300 hours of sunlight in July.

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Trading: Turpan was a trading center for mostly cotton, vegetables and grapes.

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Geography:
1. Dunhuang is located in Western China.
History, Government, Culture:
1. Theres evidence that Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Manichean were practiced. Dunhuang was a sacred religious site.
2.. Dunhuang protected the Han Chinese empire from Mongol Invaders.
Dunhuang lnvolvement In Silk Road:
1. Military importance and crossroads of cultures.
3 Items Dunhuang Traded Or Produced:
1. Coral from the ocean
2. Brocade and silk from Persia
3. Indian agate
4. North eastern European amber
5. Pearl from Sri Lanka,
6. Precious stones like lapis lazuli, fragrances, and metal ware all coming from eastern Afghanistan.

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Niya ruins, Minfeng County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

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Geography:
1. Niya is an oasis in the Taklamakan desert.
History, Government, Culture:
1. There was trade revealed between the Niya and Kushan empire.
2. Archaeologists uncovered coins and documents dating back to the Han dynasty.
3 Items The Niya Traded Or Produced:
1. Chinese silk, tea, and porcelain.
2. European gold, glassware, and silver.
3. There was Greek-style furniture in houses, and depictions of Greek gods like Eros, Athena and Hercules too.

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Antakya, historically known as Antioch, is situated along the Orontes River. According to the new testament, some followers of Jesus went to Antioch to teach the gospel. In doing so, they made the first Christian urban community outside Jerusalem. That is why Antioch was often called "The Cradle of Christianity". Because Antioch was a large city that was founded by the Greeks and taken over by Romans, it had connections to the East-West and North-South routes of the Silk Road. Antioch was known for their fertile farms, and especially their cucumbers.

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●Running northwest from the bank of the Yellow River, it was the most important route from North China to the Tarim Basin and Central Asia for traders and the military.

Liangzhou District is located in east Hexi Corridor, north to the Qilian Mountains.

They traded jade, silk and ivory

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Samarkand is in the Zerafshan River valley. Many religions were practiced in Samarkand, including

Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Manichaeism, and Christianity. On the Silk Road, they traded wine, cotton, leather, and many others.

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●Chang’an was the ancient capital of 10 Chinese dynasties who benefited from the city’s central location.

In Chang'an, the Chinese traded silk and other valuables such as salt, teas, sugar, porcelain, and spices.

the market was called the Nine Markets, you could access the market through the Northeast and Northwest gates.