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You are concerned about your students' attitudes toward English and toward language learning. You try to promote positive attitudes toward learning English. You wish to find out what your students' attitudes are and whether they change throughout the duration of a language course.

1. Which of the procedures discussed in that chapter would be most appropriate for gathering information about it ?

The audio or video recording of lessons are most appropriate for gathering information about it situation. This procedure would allow me as a teacher to choose the focus of recording that could be from me to the students, or from their students to me. On the other hand this method allows me to reproduce and study these recordings as many times as I require to analyze the lesson, the attitudes of the students in the class and the ways in which I would be responding to these.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected?

Advantages

This procedure is not based on teacher assumptions and interpretations in comparison to methods such as teaching journals or lesson reports, because can really observe the situation.

Recordings can be reproduced and back as many times as necessary to study the information gathered in the lessons.

Can get the real details of the lessons as the real language used by the teachers or students during a class. Schratz (1992: 89)

Disadvantages

It is limited to the range of the device with which it is being recorded, and may not capture the entire classroom.

It takes a long time to review the gather material, so it should be used occasionally and not daily.

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You are very conscientious about planning your lessons, but somehow they never seem to go according to plan. You rarely have time to get through all the material that you had planned. You want to find out why this is happening.
1. Which of the procedures discussed in that chapter would be most appropriate for gathering information about it ?
The most appropriate procedure for situation (b) is the Lesson reports, the Lesson reports is a type of inventory where the teacher describes the characteristics of a lesson.
The overriding idea is to monitor everything that happened during a lesson, in one way or another it also allows you to make a kind of evaluation of how positive the lesson was.
On the other hand, a lesson plan consists of everything a teacher does during a lesson, from the teacher's point of view. The key aspect is to create the lesson reports by a group of teachers or by a teacher so that the work is more focused on the objective and content. Similarly, it is very important that the teacher in his lesson report answered questions that point to a type of self-evaluation, in order to improve on other occasions.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected?

Advantages

1. Monitoring of the teaching process.
2. The lesson plan allows to carry out a type of self-evaluation about the teaching process.
3. Allows to observe a process continued by the teacher.
4. Teaching team work.
5. Significant results.
6. Control of their own teaching by the teacher.
7. Planning ahead.

Disadvantages

1. It involves many aspects, it can be exhausting for the teacher.
2. Teachers do not have enough time for the timely development of what is planned.

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You are concerned about one of your students who always avoids sitting near the front of the class. This student seems to be paying attention, but rarely participates actively in lessons. You are not sure why. Since you have a large class, it is difficult for you to monitor individual students. You want to find out what this student's attitude is toward the class.

Which of the procedures discussed in that chapter would be most appropriate for gathering information about it: teaching journal, lesson reports, surveys and questionnaires, audio and video recording, or observation?

Taking into account the complexity and characteristics of the situation, an investigation of the student's personality and his behavior within the classroom refers, in this hypothetical case he would implement a combined procedure of three procedures, would take into account for obvious reasons, the observation is made Introspection is necessary taking into account that many times the teacher develops a profile that could be intimidating, complex and not very motivating, which would trigger a passive attitude in the student, secondly the use of daily records, detailing each moment and situation presented. , this in order to obtain a record and analyze their routines and personal reactions, could be a bit cumbersome since it would require a special dedication and concentrated on the subject to be evaluated, but would favor the harmonious development in the student-teacher relationship. Finally, based on the analysis of the daily log, he would carry out a survey, thus seeking the answers he would need to understand the attitude of the student in question.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected?

Advantages:

Makes it possible to obtain information as it occurs.

It can be done imperceptibly.

They can be performed in cases where there is resistance to research by the subjects. Although observation cannot always overcome such resistance, it implies less active cooperation on the part of the observed subjects.

Disadvantages:

There is an idea that observation techniques have the limitation of not being able to quantify their data. Currently, we can mistakenly consider such an interpretation and, although not all observational data should be quantified, it is important to highlight that they can be.

It fails to cover the subjective aspect and is only limited to the behavioral aspect.

Possibility of strange and hidden factors interfering (something that interrupts).

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You have been teaching English to elementary students for several years, and colleagues point out that you have developed a special kind of "teacher's English." You want to investigate whether this is true, what these features are, and whether it helps or hinders your teaching.

1. Which of the procedures discussed in that chapter would be most appropriate for gathering information about it?
The most appropriate procedure for gathering information about this situation could be peer observation, since the observation indicates that the observer should visit a class of the teacher who requests it, to observe different aspects or a specific aspect of his teaching, to which many teachers are reluctant, because they feel that they will be evaluated or judged by another companion about their methodologies or capacities for teaching.

This procedure however is not about that, the observer should not participate in the evaluation of the teacher's lesson, it is not an evaluator, observation is suggested as a way to collect information about teaching in a neutral way, the observer should only limit himself to observe and not participate during class.

The two teachers must meet beforehand to discuss what the observer will specifically observe during class, in this case, for example, the observer must be aware of the "English for teachers", which the teacher is supposed to have developed over the course of several years of teaching English to elementary school students, as indicated by their colleagues, and you need to know if this is the case and what these characteristics are, to take the corresponding actions.

As soon as possible after the lesson, the two teachers meet and the observer shares the information collected during the lesson, with this information the teacher will be able to confirm if he should make changes in his class or if that "English for teachers" is just a rumor from colleagues.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the  procedure you selected?
Advantages:

This procedure has the advantage that the teacher can have a strategy to realize externally but reliably, if his work is being performed correctly, or perhaps the force of habit has caused him to overlook important details that can negatively affect your class.

Contrary to what many teachers may feel when a colleague visits their class, which are generally strong criticisms, this procedure has as its strength that the observer cannot evaluate the teacher, but rather give him the identical information of how he taught his class, a detailed description so that he can self-analyze his performance.

Disadvantages:

It could be, in case the observer is not a serious, professional and ethical person, which in this case would cause this observer to distort the information to their comfort or for any other destructive purpose.

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You have been experimenting with a process approach for teaching writing (i.e., one in which you encourage students to go through a number of stages when completing a writing task, from planning to drafting to reviewing and revising). You want to find out if students actually find this approach useful and whether they use it on writing assignments outside of class.

1. Which of the procedures discussed in that chapter would be most appropriate for gathering information about it?

Surveys and questionnaires are the most appropriate and also accurate for gathering information about this task, why? Well, as we all know surveys or questionnaires are the right tools if we want to get information of someone or something and even how another think of, or what is the opinion that subject has. When a person gives a survey to another, the person is surely going to feel more comfortable to expose its opinions even more than doing it face to face. Because the person does not have to deal with the pressure of telling to another its failures or mistakes. As human beings we do not feel free to say what we want in front of the person who we are talk about but if we have the chance to do it secretly. We are going to feel sure.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure you selected?
Advantages:
1. The questionnaires are inexpensive

2. They are practical

3 Quick results

4 No need to be a scientist

5 User anonymity

6 No pressure

7 Cover all aspects of a topic

Disadvantages:

1 Lack of sincerity

2 Lack of conscientious responses

3 Differences in understanding and interpretation

4 Feelings and meanings that are not well transmitted

5 Some questions are difficult to analyze

6 Respondents may have their own intentions

7 Lack of customization

8 questions omitted