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Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen

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Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen

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The Clergymen believe that racial inequalities could be more effectively solved in court. They also stress that although they understand the impatience and frustration of the Negro community, they think that the protests and demonstrations are unwise. The Clergymen commend the local law enforcement for the peaceful and calm way they have handled the protests. The letter wraps up with the Clergymen asking the community to come together and work together to solve racial issues.

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Speaker: Clergymen from Birmingham.

Occasion: Following protests and the arrest of Martin Luther King. April 12, 1963

Audience: Martin Luther King and the African-American community.

Purpose: To persuade the protesters to bring their issues to the courtroom and not to the street.

Subject: Finding a new way to create change and avoid violent protests.

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Ethos: The letter from the Clergymen starts with the group expressing their background and explain that they have written other articles in the past about racial issues.

Logos: Logos is used in this piece as the Clergymen use their religious backgrounds to show that violence and hatred have no place in the communities "religious and political traditions".

Pathos: The Clergymen use Logos by writing with a appealing and peaceful tone in their letter. This calm and friendly manner ensures that their message appeals to the audience as a whole.

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Admonishing: "Just as we formerly pointed out that "hatred and violence have no sanction in our religious and political traditions," we also point out that such actions as incite to hatred and violence, however technically peaceful those actions may be, have not contributed to the resolution of our local problems." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

Laudatory: "We commend the community as a whole, and the local news media and law enforcement in particular, on the calm manner in which these demonstrations have been handled." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

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Antanagoge: "however technically peaceful those actions may be, have not contributed to the resolution of our local problems." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

Anecdote: "We the undersigned clergymen are among those who, in January, issued "An Appeal for Law and Order and Common Sense," in dealing with racial problems in Alabama." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

Inclusive Pronouns: "In Birmingham, recent public events have given indication that we all have opportunity for a new constructive and realistic approach to racial problems." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

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Speaker: Martin Luther King

Occasion: Response to the Clergymen of Birmingham. April 16, 1963

Audience: The Clergymen of Birmingham.

Purpose: To explain the injustices against the African-American community and the need for public protests and demonstrations.

Subject: The importance of Civil Rights and public protests in inspiring change.

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Martin Luther King starts by calmly stating his disagreement with the Clergymen. He then states that he is confident that they will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham because the goal of America is freedom. King then explains how it is gods will that they will earn their freedom and equality. He then condemns the praise of the police by the Clergymen by describing the brutality they have displayed in dealing with protesters. The police also have treated African-Americans in prison with hostility and cruelty. King then commends the many people who have stood up for their rights and they impact they have had in the fight for equality.

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Ethos: King uses Ethos by starting off his letter with calmly disagreeing and saying that he knows the Clergymen are people of good will and heart. This helps readers with an open mind to his view as he comes across as peaceful and someone of good character.

Logos: He uses historical examples such as the Declaration of Independence and the use of slavery in making cotton king. This helps show how African-Americans have helped shape the United States to what it is today in order to persuade the reader.

Pathos: Martin Luther King uses Pathos in his letter by using a motivational and patriotic approach in describing the importance of freedom in the United States which appeals to the reader and provides inspiration.

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Understanding: "I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

Hopeful: "I hope this letter finds you strong in the faith. I also hope that circumstances will soon make it possible for me to meet each of you, not as an integrationist or a civil rights leader, but as a fellow clergyman and a Christian brother."  (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

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Parallelism: "if you would observe their ugly and inhuman treatment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you would watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro; if you would see them slap and kick old Negro men and youngNegro boys; if you will observe them, as they did on two occasions, refuse to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

Inclusive Pronouns: "Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear-drenched communities and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all of their scintillating beauty." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)

Analogy: "We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over seasons for action; the nation, because the goal of America is freedom. Abused and scorned though we may be, our destiny is tied up with the destiny of America." (Letter to Martin Luther King from a Group of Clergymen)