# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
National Museum of African American History and Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Search objects from the museum’s online collection and explore specially curated selections.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Featured Essay

March on Milwaukee

By Margaret Rozga

Early in the evening of Monday, August 28, 1967, over one hundred members of the Milwaukee Youth Council of the NAACP gathered at their headquarters at 1316 North 15 th Street, picked up signs hand-lettered with slogans like "We Need Fair Housing," and, led by Father James E. Groppi, a white Roman Catholic priest who served as their adviser, headed toward the 16 th Street viaduct. At about 6:30 p.m. they were greeted at the north end of the viaduct by almost another one hundred supporters and crossed over the viaduct to the nearly all-white south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. There the marchers met resistance.

On the southeast corner of South 16 th Street and West National Avenue, young white men sat on the hoods of cars at Crazy Jim's Motors, holding other signs including one that read "Groppi-the Black god." In fact, as many as 8,000 people, according to Milwaukee Police estimates, lined the route on South 16 th Street and then along West Lincoln Avenue east to Kosciusko Park. These counter-demonstrators jeered, taunted, and cursed the young open housing marchers. What caused this confrontation? And what were the results?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
March on Milwaukee - Libraries Digital Collection

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By Margaret Rozga Early in the evening of Monday, August 28, 1967, over one hundred members of the Milwaukee Youth Council of the NAACP gathered at their headquarters at 1316 North 15 th Street, picked up signs hand-lettered with slogans like "We Need Fair Housing," and, led by Father James E.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This section contains original documents and materials created or distributed by Freedom Movement organizations during 1951-1968. Most of these documents are in PDF format.

Database of CRM-Related Archives, Repositories, and Visitor Centers

Preserving our History: What to do With Your Freedom Movement Papers.

Documents Grouped by Kind

** Separate Collections of Documents From Specific Campaigns, Events & Issues**

Letters & Field Reports from Specific Projects and Geographic Areas:

Note: To keep prevent this list from growing too large, all press releases are listed separately under Freedom Movement Press Releases regardless of topic or organization.

See also Reports & Letters From the Field

** Freedom Movement Publications **

National & Multi-State Publications

State-Wide Publications

Local Publications
////
** Election Campaign Flyers **

** Freedom Movement Maps **

** Freedom Movement Research & Analysis **

** Legal Documents & Briefs **

** Miscellaneous & Uncatagorizable Documents **

** Civil Rights Acts (text of) **

** International **

** Racist, Hate, & Repression **

A few examples of typical segregation laws and racist hate literature.

See also:

© Copyright
Webspinner: webmaster@crmvet.org
(Labor donated)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
southern 
christian leadership conference

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
national association for the advancement of colored people

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
southern 
conference education committee

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Civil Rights Movement Archive of original documents sorted by type of wdocument.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This section contains original documents and materials created or distributed by Freedom Movement organizations during 1951-1968. Most of these documents are in PDF format. Database of CRM-Related Archives, Repositories, and Visitor Centers Preserving our History: What to do With Your Freedom Movement Papers.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Photos: The scenes of unrest from 50 years ago

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Photos and front page coverage of the 1965 Watts Riots from the Los Angeles Times.

# data[].attributes.headline
The US House of Representatives and Civil Rights

# data[].attributes.subject
The US House of Representatives and Civil Rights

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Oral History

Spurred by a growing grassroots movement during the mid-20th century, Congress passed landmark legislation to protect Americans' civil rights, to end discrimination, and to ensure access to the ballot. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 focused on access to public accommodations and equal employment. Despite its far-reaching provisions, the bill did not fully address barriers to voting in America, leading to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The narratives in this exhibit tell the stories of these important pieces of legislation.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The House and Civil Rights | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Spurred by a growing grassroots movement during the mid-20th century, Congress passed landmark legislation to protect Americans' civil rights, to end discrimination, and to ensure access to the ballot. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 focused on access to public accommodations and equal employment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Emmett Till's murder broke many silences and aversions to the truth about the systematic reality of violence and oppression that was bred throughout the Jim Crow South. The murder of Emmett Till is an American story of racial injustice that continues to be replicated today. Read More →

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Emmett Till's murder broke many silences and aversions to the truth about the systematic reality of violence and oppression that was bred throughout the Jim Crow South. The murder of Emmett Till is an American story of racial injustice that continues to be replicated today. Read More →

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
October 13, 2009-May 1, 2010

The Library of Congress celebrates Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist Herb Block (1909-2001) with a look at his remarkable seventy-two-year career (1929-2001). Herblock! includes eighty-two original cartoon drawings, primarily selected from the Library's extensive Herbert L. Block Collection. These cartoons represent Block's ability to wield his pen effectively and artfully, using it to condemn corruption and expose injustice, inequality, and immorality on topics including the Great Depression, the rise of fascism and World War II, communism and the Cold War, Senator Joseph McCarthy, race relations, Richard Nixon, the Reagan era, the 2000 election, and more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Herblock! | Exhibitions - Library of Congress

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
October 13, 2009-May 1, 2010 The Library of Congress celebrates Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist Herb Block (1909-2001) with a look at his remarkable seventy-two-year career (1929-2001). Herblock! includes eighty-two original cartoon drawings, primarily selected from the Library's extensive Herbert L. Block Collection.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Administrative Policy Procedures - Anti-War - Bureau Personnel - Civil Rights - Counterterrorism - Foreign Counterintelligence - Frequently Requested - Fugitives - Gangs Extremist Groups - Gangster Era - Miscellaneous - Organizations - Organized Crime - Political Figures Events - Popular Culture - Public Corruption - Supreme Court - Unexplained Phenomenon - World War II - Violent Crime

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Skip to content Skip to navigation

Welcome to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research & Education Institute

We are always excited to hear from students engaged in historical research about Dr. King. Unfortunately, we do not have the capacity to respond to all the research requests we receive. Our website offers some of the best primary and secondary sources available and we hope you enjoy the process of discovering new information and ideas about the past and present. For suggested starting resources, click on the link above.

The Encyclopedia, based on the extensive historical research originally conducted for The Papers, has over 280 articles on civil rights movement figures, events, and organizations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Skip to content Skip to navigation Welcome to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research & Education Institute We are always excited to hear from students engaged in historical research about Dr. King. Unfortunately, we do not have the capacity to respond to all the research requests we receive.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On May 12, 2009, the U. S. Congress authorized a national initiative by passing The Civil Rights History Project Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-19). The law directed the Library of Congress (LOC) and the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) to conduct a national survey of existing oral history collections with relevance to the Civil Rights movement to obtain justice, freedom and equality for African Americans and to record and make widely accessible new interviews with people who participated in the struggle. The project was initiated in 2010 with the survey and with interviews beginning in 2011.

The activists interviewed for this project belong to a wide range of occupations, including lawyers, judges, doctors, farmers, journalists, professors, and musicians, among others. The video recordings of their recollections cover a wide range of topics within the freedom struggle, such as the influence of the labor movement, nonviolence and self-defense, religious faith, music, and the experiences of young activists. Actions and events discussed in the interviews include the Freedom Rides (1961), the Albany Movement (1961), the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963), the Selma to Montgomery Rights March (1965), the Orangeburg Massacre (1968), the Poor People's Campaign (1968), sit-ins, and voter registration drives in the South. The murder of fourteen year old Emmett Till in 1955, a horrific event that galvanized many young people into joining the freedom movement, looms large in the memories of many movement veterans.

Many interviewees were active in national organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Black Panther Party. Other interviewees were key members of specialized and local groups including the Medical Committee for Human Rights, the Deacons for Defense and Justice, the Cambridge (Maryland) Nonviolent Action Committee, and the Newark Community Union Project. A few interviews focus on Chicano activists who were influenced by the African American freedom struggle and their recollections of the occasional coalitions that developed between the black and brown power movements. Several interviews include men and women who were on the front lines of the struggle in places not well-known for their civil rights movement activity such as Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Saint Augustine, Florida; and Bogalusa, Louisiana. The collection also includes the reflections of the children of grass-roots activists including Clara Luper, Robert Hicks, and Gayle Jenkins.

A number of organizations and individuals were responsible for the Project from inception to completion. Curation, preservation and access to the interviews was, and remains, a joint undertaking of the Library's American Folklife Center and the NMAAHC. The American Folklore Society (AFS) oversaw the research team of four scholars who gathered the information for the CRHP National Survey Database of Civil Rights Collections; the database was developed by Washington State University's Center for Digital Scholarship and Curation. The Southern Oral History Program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill coordinated the production of the interviews, the majority of which were conducted by leading historians on the topic of the long black freedom struggle and (with a few exceptions) were recorded in born-digital video format by Media Generation.

This site guides researchers to collections in several Library divisions that specifically focus on the movement as well as the broader topic of African American history and culture. The Civil Rights History Project Collection (AFC 2010/039) contains more than 1200 items consisting of born-digital video files, digitized videocassettes, digital photographs and full-text transcripts for all interviews. The interviews are also accessible through the Library's YouTube site and the NMAAHC website.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
About this Collection | Civil Rights History Project | Digital Collections | Library of Congress

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On May 12, 2009, the U. S. Congress authorized a national initiative by passing The Civil Rights History Project Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-19).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Gateway to the Courier Digital Archives

All 177 issues of The Southern Courier are available right here to browse or search, providing a unique on-the-scenes view of the mid-1960s civil rights movement in the Deep South. For more information about file sizes, resolution, and access to the photo library, scroll down.

The Courier offers perceptive insights into life during the civil rights movement. Click on the image for a larger view.

About the Archives

Each issue is available in three different resolutions:

Low Resolution (Low-Res) displays at 72 dpi. Most text is converted to "soft text", which allows faster loading, searching, and printing, but will appear blurry when enlarged. Each issue may be downloaded in a searchable pdf file of about 3 Mb.

Medium Resolution (Standard) displays at 150 dpi. Text and images will be fairly sharp when viewed or printed at full size, but may appear blurry when enlarged. The pdf file for each issue is about 10 Mb.

High Resolution (High-Res) displays all text and photos at 300 dpi. Text and photos will be sharp when viewed or printed at full size, and fairly sharp when enlarged. Each issue takes up about 10 Mb, so downloads will take significantly more time than for the lower-resolution versions.

The Southern Courier Digital Access Project is funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations in this website do not necessarily reflect those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

To enter The Southern Courier archives, click here.

This archive is also available on DVD-ROM. Contact archive@southerncourier.org to order.

About Courier Photos

For many readers of the Southern Courier, the photos told the stories. No other paper, week after week, looked so carefully and and incisively at black lives, the civil rights movement, and racial realities in the Deep South. For more than three years, staff photographer Jim Peppler recorded the events and the people who shaped - and were shaped by - the civil rights struggle. A gifted photo-journalist who went on to a four-decade career at Newsday, Jim donated his 11,000-photo Southern Courier collection to the Alabama Department of Archives and History, which now holds the copyright to them. To browse this deeply moving photographic history, click here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
All 177 issues of The Southern Courier are available right here to browse or search, providing a unique on-the-scenes view of the mid-1960s civil rights movement in the Deep South. For more information about file sizes, resolution, and access to the photo library, scroll down.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Provides access to the files, work, oral interviews, photos, and documentation. SNCC, as a result of its focus on documentation, has available 250 + archives. No other organization has documented the history of the movement and struggle to this magnitude. Without this documentation, this portion of history would be unknown. This Archive enables SNCC to pass on information wealth to young people, organizers, scholars, and organizations looking for guidelines to see struggle on a comprehension level. It allows ordinary people to see the efforts of SNCC and take control of their lives.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
SNCC Legacy Project - Rooted In Black Struggle

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Provides access to the files, work, oral interviews, photos, and documentation. SNCC, as a result of its focus on documentation, has available 250 + archives. No other organization has documented the history of the movement and struggle to this magnitude. Without this documentation, this portion of history would be unknown.