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Going out to harvest fresh fruits during its season helps me distress.

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To me, health means each individual's physical, mental and social well-being. Health often gets neglected until it starts deteriorating. It enables us to do our most trivial demands to pursue our dreams, enjoy our relationships and relish our daily activities. Health isn't just about caring for yourself but also loving, accepting and nurturing yourself to be physically fit and mentally happy.

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Illustration of Social Determinants of Health by Colin Fleck.

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The influence of socioeconomic variables on health is a global concern. Migrant and refugee communities are essential to Australia's ethnic fabric, contributing to the country's cultural variety and economic progress. Income inequality substantially influences migrants' and refugees' healthcare, nutrition, and general living circumstances. Many migrants and refugees begin their careers in low-paid positions that do not pay a livable wage, restricting access to adequate healthcare and education (WHO, 2022). Individuals are empowered by the availability of education to make educated decisions regarding their well-being. Language challenges, educational gaps, and unfamiliarity with the Australian school system, on the other hand, hinder educational options for migrants and refugees. Individuals and families benefit from adequate housing because it gives shelter, safety, and a stable environment. Many migrants and refugees, due to overcrowding in shared accommodation, raise the risk of infectious illnesses and expose persons to environmental health dangers that contribute to stress and mental health difficulties.
Cultural diversity and the distinctive experiences of migrant and refugee groups complicate these socioeconomic variables even more.

WHO. (2022). Refugee and Migrant Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/refugee-and-migrant-health
WHO. (2023). Social Determinants of Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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Culturally Responsive Nursing: A Reflection on Domain 7 - Professional Practice

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Culturally Responsive Nursing: A Reflection on Domain 7 - Professional Practice

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Standard 12.1 was the most essential component of competency for me. This competency requirement serves as the foundation for culturally sensitive treatment. It entails admitting that my cultural background, beliefs, and prejudices can impact how I engage with patients, particularly those from migrant and refugee backgrounds. I've realised that the first step towards providing patient-centred care is self-awareness. It reminds us that our culture and prejudices may substantially impact the quality of treatment we deliver. I now know that patients from migrant and refugee backgrounds may have culturally specific healthcare preferences and that respecting their autonomy and choices is critical. By continually reflecting on my own cultural experience and views, I aspire to be a more culturally responsive nurse, ensuring that every patient I see receives the respect and care they deserve regardless of cultural background. Through efforts like these, informed by the 'Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice' framework (Mrwhpadmin, 2020), healthcare professionals can work to eliminate biases, prejudices, and inadequate communication, ultimately providing the highest quality of care to individuals from migrant and refugee backgrounds.

Mrwhpadmin, M. (2020, December 9). Competency Standards
Framework - Migrant &Amp; Refugee Women&#039;S Health Partnership. Migrant & Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. Retrieved October 11, 2023, from https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/competency-standards-framework/

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I took this photo back in Bhutan on my daily morning walk.

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Punakha Dzong (one of the biggest palace in Bhutan)

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Punakha Dzong (one of the biggest palace in Bhutan)

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Picture from the official instagram of Ukraine @ukraine.ua

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Principal Health issues that Refugee’s face

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Principal Health issues that Refugee’s face

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Country of focus: Ukraine
Since Russia's full-fledged invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the country's conflict has devastated civilian life, killing thousands of people and damaging civilian property. Around 5,000 Ukrainians have landed in Australia since the invasion of Ukraine (TMHC, 2023).

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder): Refugees, especially those fleeing war-torn areas, may have PTSD symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and hyperarousal.

Treatments:

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT).

Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).

Infectious diseases: Ukrainian refugees may come from locations with heightened risks of contagious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) or hepatitis.

Treatments:

Checked for infectious diseases on arrival.

TB medicines.

Hepatitis immunisation.

Malnutrition and Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Refugees with restricted access to nutritional meals may be malnourished and suffering from iron deficiency.

Treatments:

Nutritional counselling and supplementation.

Iron supplements.

To successfully manage refugees' health issues, healthcare practitioners in Australia follow the 'Australian Refugee Health Practise Guide'. The healthcare system enables a better adjustment and a higher quality of life for immigrants.

Australian Refugee Health » Primary care for people of refugee backgrounds. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/
TMHC. (2023, April 11). Supporting Communities Impacted by the Invasion of Ukraine. Transcultural Mental Health Centre. Retrieved October 12, 2023, from https://www.dhi.health.nsw.gov.au/transcultural-mental-health-centre-tmhc/resources/community-mental-health-profiles-and-information-resources/supporting-communities-impacted-by-invasion-of-ukraine#:~:text=Pre%2Dmigration%20experiences%20of%20war,experience%20of%20conflict%20and%20displacement.

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Photo courtesy @tourismbhutan on instagram.

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Bhutanese prayer flags are commonly seen hanging on every mountain pass, bridge, stupa, temple, vehicle and the roofs of homes. Buddhists consider putting up the prayer flags as a merit, and everyone will be blessed with happiness and luck as the wind blows the prayers through the air. We hang it during auspicious days or even before a big event for individuals.

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A picture of The Fourth King of Bhutan, His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck.

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The "Gross National Happiness" concept was introduced in the early 1970s by His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The recognition of the importance of health in spiritual development is reflected in allocating a portion of the government's budget to the healthcare sector (Sithey et al., 2015). Policies like the health trust fund reflect Bhutan's commitment to prioritizing health in its decision-making process guided by the philosophy of national happiness.

Sithey, G., Thow, A., & Li, M. (2015). Gross national happiness and health: lessons from Bhutan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 93(8), 514. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.15.160754

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Parzo (carving) is one of the thirteen traditional arts of Bhutan, which includes turning a block of wood into a carved mask.

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Zorig Chusum - The Thirteen Arts and Crafts of Bhutan

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Zorig Chusum - The Thirteen Arts and Crafts of Bhutan

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The traditional arts are known as Zorig Chusum. The establishment of Zorig Chusum Institution in 1971 promoted Bhutanese culture by preserving traditional arts and crafts and solved the employment problems Bhutan faced then (Exposure, n.d.). Moreover, the institution provided youth with disabilities equal opportunities, making them significantly more likely to be employed.

Exposure, B. L. (n.d.). Zorig Chusum | Bhutan Life Exposure. https://www.bletour.com/location/zorig-chusum/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20establishment%20documents,professional%20skills%20to%20the%20youth.

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How to make biscuits the traditional way

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How to make biscuits the traditional way

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Khabzey is a traditional Bhutanese biscuit. Khabzey in Bhutan is widely used in every festival and ritual around Bhutan.

Ingredients:

Flour

Oil

Sugar.

Procedure:

1. Mix a ratio 1:10 of sugar to boiling water.

2. Slowly add the mixture to a kilo of all-purpose flour to make a dough.

3. Start shaping the dough how you like.

4. Finally, fry the piece in hot oil.

Your Khabzey is ready to serve.

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This is the Altar room where the ceremony takes place with the deities represented by statues and offerings in front.

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Lochoe: Bhutan's Unique Annual Ritual for Health and Happiness

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Lochoe: Bhutan's Unique Annual Ritual for Health and Happiness

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Lochoe is a yearly religious activity conducted by each household to express appreciation to both heavenly and human actors for life's benefits and to celebrate it to improve it. It is a comprehensive strategy to sustain Bhutanese people's health and happiness via physical exercise, cultural identity, social support, and spiritual well-being. Lochoe promotes residents' well-being by embracing the core of Bhutan's Gross National Happiness ideology.

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Losar, the Bhutanese New Year’s celebration.

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Losar, the Bhutanese New Year’s celebration.

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Losar, held according to the lunar calendar, isn’t just a festival but a tremendous ritual dining and family gathering. Losar in a typical Bhutanese family starts with porridge early in the morning made with red rice and beef, alternatively paneer (fresh Indian cheese) for vegetarians. Losar food, preparation, display, consumption, and cultural significance are all essential traditional rituals that strengthen community relationships and Bhutanese culture.

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The song is originally a Zhungdra (a genre of traditional music). The dance Tashi Lebay is performed at the end of every celebration. It conveys a farewell feeling, and everyone joins to form circles of never-ending ripples to signify endless good wishes and happy reunions like the ripples.

Drukpa D. (2021, December 18). Tashi Laybay [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6DqDDK6RqQ