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Have P E T STRENGTHS WITH A STUDY FOR EACH IN THIS SECTION

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Have weakness that USE GOOVIERS to show PET weaknesses in Studies . Cover all 3 of PET

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PET Strengths with studies

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Semi Structured Interviews WITH Studies 

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Semi Structured Interviews WITH Studies 

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Have Weaknesses that cover PET - use GROOVIERS

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Strengths PET with studies

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Unstructured Interviews PET problems with studies 

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Unstructured Interviews PET problems with studies 

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The CSEW asked respondents if they had experienced crimes in the the last 12 months. As they had set questions with tick box answers, it was relatively easy to complete the research and respondents may be more willing to participate. The research generates data easily on crime which is now funded by the Home Office

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As the questions and answers are set, the process of doing the interview is quicker and more controlled. The interviewer has support because of this, so it is easy to implement the method

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As there are interviewers who have been trained to carry out the interviews, the method is more sensitive and considers the victims and their experiences of crime. The interviewer can stop the interview etc.. if it is felt that this is needed

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in ‘Just Like a Girl’, Sue Sharpe conducted questionnaires and interviews that were open ended, in order to gain more detail and context in relation to the girls in 1970s feelings on topics such as ‘love, marriage, husbands, children’ this allowed her to get generic ideas for the sample which could be generalised to other girls of a similar age

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Practical Strength: Oakley did the research herself so she didn't need to hire any interviewers (cheaper).

Ethical Strengths: Oakley had gained consent as it was an interview. And the identity of the respondents were kept anonymous. And another pint, is that she also gained the trust of the respondents.

Theoretical Strength: Oakley had obtained in-depth answers because it was an unstructured, also more valid because the respondents as people can say their actual views (flexibility). And it was also non-directive, so she could find out more information that she might have not considered before.

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P - semi structured interviews can allow trust to be gained, which enables the researcher to have access to more depth and detail from the respondent. Flexability is also increased as the researcher can ask some more open questions, abit more off topic

E - can allow people to feel more humanised as you can hear peoples voices more than structured interviews.

T - you can partially measure some responses because some answers can be qualitative and some can be quantative.

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To do an interview you will need respondents to agree = CSEW had informed consent. So the respondents where given clear guidance about the interviews before they took place. The could easily be stopped if there where any concerns. All data is confidential and very sensitive topics are not in the question list

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Ad CSEW has set questions about specific crimes and the answers are also set. Respondents chose the answer and the how different respondents respond can easily be measured and compared

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Practical Weakness: The interviews took 2 hours long each which is very time-consuming. She also obtained a lot of data which is harder to measure and compare.

Ethical Weakness: Potential researcher bias as Ann Oakley is a feminist, and her own life problems may have influenced her research as she recently became a mother. And Oakley also did this research out of her personal interest. It was an imposition problem because she might specifically pick out information and specific people to look out at which supports her views.

Theoretical Weakness: The research lacked representativeness and generalizability as it was rather middle-class with no ethnic minorities within the sample used. There was a lot of data collected so it may have been difficult to analyse as they may not have been a common pattern.

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p - semi structured interviews are a lot more time consuming and can deter respondent's from completing the interview due to more open style questions asked, therefore questions and responses stated are more long winded .

e - it may be hard for those responding to give an honest answer due to sensitivity of the topic, going into detail might cause distress of the individual

t - interviewer bias is a problem due to it reducing validity, sue sharps could influence the girls because she is a women. body lanuage and personality etc... can cause the respodent to give socially desirable answers which ulitimatly makes it harder to generalise due to less valid data obtained.

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This is a highly reliable method that is objective 

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This is a highly reliable method that is objective 

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As both questions and answers are set it is not based on the interviewers interpretation - interviewer bias is lower and the method is repeated in the same way so it is highly reliable. It also allows more respondents to be covered as the method stays the same - the CSEW covers over 45,000 respondents

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the CSEW needed interviewers which makes it slower and more expensive - In this case it didn't lead to a smaller sample but it does make it expensive

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The CSEW uses postcodes and does not build a relationship with respondents before research. This may mean that certain types of people do not wish to be involved in the research and are harder to access. Not everyone has a post code, so again they are hard to access

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Whilst the data is confidential and anonymous, having to an interview may intimidate respondents

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In this very structured research, even through there are trained interviewers, looking at experience of crime without a lot of discussion may be upsetting and dehumanise their experieneces. It may also bring up upsetting past experiences which are distressing

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When there is an interviewer present, they can shape the answers the respondent gives. Here respondents may not feel comfortable recalling certain experiences to an interviewer they have no relationship with or are uncomfortable with. the validity of the data is shaped by social desirability

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The data collected is only as good as the questions asked. The CSEW deoesnt ask about all crimes and won't cover crimes with less obvious victims. It will have less on more middle class crimes such as fraud as you may not realise you have been a victim of this, but more on muggings etc..Equally for many years it did not ask about cybercrime and had not data on this even though many people experienced it. This may have affected the trends of crime it reported

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P- the use of semi structured interviews allowed sue to develop rapport and trust with the girls which can lead to more depth and detailed answers as they feel more comfortable

E- she was able to develop rapport with the girls which may make them more comfortable and willing to answer the more sensitive topics and make the research more valid, this type of interview also makes it more human and emphatic as she can let the girls add context unlike in a structured interview, also included different background and ethnicity’s in her research of “just like a girl “

T- issues she hadn’t considered were brought up when speaking to the girls and giving them freedom to express their views. she repeated research, looking at both answers from the 1970s and 1990s

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Practical Strengths: Willis did the interviews himself so it was much cheaper and he was also able to do generate information quickly.

Practical Weakness: He spent a total of 18 months observing the lads and then further of 6 months following them into work which show the entire process was very time-consuming. Willis also had less control of the group

Ethical Strengths: It was an ethnographic study which means he empathised with the respondents and was able to see things from their perspective. It was also said that the group was, 'relaxed' and 'non-judgemental'. The boys were also aloud to set their own agenda.

Ethical Weakness: Some of the boys might've been intimidated as they're might've been a dominate speaker within the group. Some sensitive topics may have been mentioned.

Theoretical Strengths: The boys had the freedom to say whatever they wanted (flexibility). Willis encouraged them to explain their views in their own words which meant the data was more valid.

Theoretical Weakness: Some of the lads might've given socially desirable answers. There was a lack of representativeness as it was small sample of working class that generalised masculine identity.

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Ofsted covered 900 children in 125 focus groups - so in the follow up study to the questionnaires they covered lots of students quickly and secondly they gained lots of data for a wide range of students relatively quickly

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The focus groups where structured so that the student could express their experiences without directly conveying them to the inspector. There were age appropriate activities - so highly sensitive design of method

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P- trust had to be gained, making the interviews longer and more difficult to get a larger sample size

E-the topic could have caused destress to the girls as is was quite a sensitive issue

T- due to the small sample size it becomes more difficult to generalise the study -

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The focus group as semi structured had key themes that where discussed in repeated focus groups - 125. So it was reliable and some measurements are made. It allowed triangulation and a check of the survey data for validity checks. But the open questions made sure wider points not yet covered are highlighted and could be investigated further

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Practical Strengths: She was able to gain the trust of people so people were more likely to take part. And it was also flexible so the data was more valid as people were allowed to say whatever they wanted.

Ethical Strengths: She had the consent of the respondents as it was an interview. And the identity of the respondents were also kept anonymous.

Theoretical Strengths: There was set questions which makes it easier to repeat and therefore more reliable. And it was also representative.

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interviewer is able to be sensitive to the girls responses and prevent asking any questions that may make them feel uncomfortable