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Fangyu Zhou

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When is speech violence? Sometimes. It depends. That’s a complicated question.

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When is speech violence? Sometimes. It depends. That’s a complicated question.

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When is speech violence? In a New York Times op-ed published on July 14, 2017, the psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett argued that long-term stress can inflict serious damage on a body. One cause of long-term stress? A pattern of encountering hateful speech, “a culture of constant, casual brutality.” Deciding which speech belongs in this category is difficult; Barrett’s proposed metric is that speech is violence when it ceases to be merely offensive and becomes abusive. But this litmus test, like all taxonomical devices, represents a hazy and contentious spectrum.

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The icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR.

When is speech violence? In a New York Times op-ed published on July 14, 2017, the psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett argued that long-term stress can inflict serious damage on a body. One cause of long-term stress? A pattern of encountering hateful speech, "a culture of constant, casual brutality." Deciding which speech belongs in this category is difficult; Barrett's proposed metric is that speech is violence when it ceases to be merely offensive and becomes abusive. But this litmus test, like all taxonomical devices, represents a hazy and contentious spectrum.

Four days later, the social psychologists Jonathan Haidt and Greg Lukianoff responded to Barrett's story in the Atlantic. According to Haidt and Lukianoff, this idea, that speech is sometimes violence, might be "the most dangerous" notion on college campuses today. It's simply a logical fallacy, a conflation of physical harm and violence.

Audio brought to you by curio.io

The disagreement Haidt and Lukianoff have with Barrett is definitional. They treat the meaning of "violence" as a target that Barrett misses, accepting her empirical claims, but rejecting her larger conception of violent acts. Although they fail to provide their own definition of violence (possibly because choosing any one definition is problematic), they likely have in mind something along these lines: "Behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something," the definition you get when you Google "definition of violence." According to this narrow definition, Haidt and Lukianoff are right to criticize Barrett's argument. Speech that causes harm isn't the same as violence. Any behavior that doesn't involve "physical force," like speaking, is necessarily disqualified.

But Haidt and Lukianoff have committed a fallacy, too: treating a word as something with an immutable meaning. They have conflated the meaning of the word with its dictionary definition.

What, then, is the meaning of a word? If you were one of Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy students, this question would have occupied the preponderance of your term, as it did Wittgenstein's academic life. To aid in his search, Wittgenstein invented the language-game, a tool for examining and comparing the innumerable instances of language.

Wittgenstein's language-game, briefly summarized, is the idea that we can view conversations as context-sensitive exchanges with malleable rules that help determine the meanings of words. These rules are established through social convention. We agree upon certain constraints about how words may be used and bring them to our language-games. For instance, if I point my finger at something and say "that," you know I'm referring to that thing.

When I'm having lunch with my parents, I'm participating in a different language-game than when I'm at a bar with my friends.

Having a common reference point like a dictionary helps facilitate communication, but when the dictionary is treated as the ultimate source of linguistic authority, we become too focused on satisfying definitions instead of interpreting the content of speech. Thinking in terms of language-games widens our considerations, and can help elucidate nuanced ideas and situations.

In a way, each language-game is spoken in a micro-dialect, one that is affected not just by region, but location, relationships, identity, history, power. When I'm having lunch with my parents, I'm participating in a different language-game than when I'm at a bar with my friends or serving coffee to strangers. Likewise, when we are determining whether some kinds of speech can be understood as violence, it's important to examine the larger context. When Milo Yiannopoulos says " feminism is cancer," for instance, it may be heard differently by Haidt and Lukianoff than by Lisa Feldman Barrett. As white men, Haidt and Lukianoff likely don't have a reference point to understand what it feels like for a woman to hear these words. They won't cut the same way.

For people who occupy positions of power in society, there may not be a single word they would ever consider violence. But that doesn't mean other people can't legitimately experience some speech as violence. And when people say they do experience language as violence, it's not because they've confused speech with physical assault; it's because the language-game in which the speech-act takes place is different.

For the following sentences, decide if I'm using the word "violence" correctly:

* Slapping someone in the face is an act of violence.

* Smashing a pie in someone's face is an act of violence.

* Spanking a child is an act of violence.

* Screaming hateful words at a stranger is an act of violence.

* Pushing someone to the ground is an act of violence.

* Breaking down a door is an act of violence.

* Cheating on a partner is an act of violence.

* Attending a white supremacist rally is an act of violence.

People will likely disagree as to which of these sentences contains a proper usage of "violence." That's because, as Wittgenstein tells us, "usage has no sharp boundary." Oftentimes, the only way to determine the meaning of a word is to examine how it is used. This insight, developed by Wittgenstein in his exploration of language-games, is often described as the "meaning is use" doctrine.

In his essay, " Wittgenstein's Dictionary," the educator John Willinsky highlights the differences between the "meaning is use" doctrine and a dictionary-first theory of meaning. "The dictionary's careful fixing of words to definitions, like butterflies pinned under glass, can suggest that this is how language works. The definitions can seem to ensure and fix the meaning of words, just as the gold standard can back a country's currency. What Wittgenstein found in the circulation of ordinary language, however, was a free-floating currency of meaning. The value of each word arises out of the exchange. The lexicographer abstracts a meaning from that exchange, which is then set within the conventions of the dictionary definition."

In trying to determine whether speech can be properly understood as violence, Haidt and Lukianoff have either overlooked or willfully ignored a fundamental property of language. It's slippery and messy and more liquid than solid, a gelatinous mass that changes shape to fit our needs, like an octopus squeezing into the cracks between rocks on the seafloor. So why is it that when we teach and speak about language it's portrayed as this rigid thing with fixed definitions and terms that we must conform to?

Appeals to the dictionary serve a political purpose; they preserve existing power structures, and fortify the way things are.

According to Willinsky, "The schooled representation of meaning sets language in the hands of those who hold the proper definitions." In other words, appeals to the dictionary serve a political purpose; they preserve existing power structures, and fortify the way things are at the expense of the way things can be.

It can appear trivial to expend so much energy on worrying about how we speak, because speech seems less tangible than physical action. But definitions always matter. In the judicial system, for example, they are key in assigning blame. The "reasonable person" standard is applied in self-defense cases to determine culpability; in this context, "reasonable" means average, ordinary. As legal scholar Jody David Armour writes in Negrophobia and Reasonable Racism, this definition of reasonable "takes the merely typical and contingent and presents it as truth and morality, objectively construed," a pretty low bar for justice. Consider how a "rational person" test or an "omniscient person" test might change the meaning of criminality.

Similarly, there was a time in the American South when blackness, that thing that determined where one could eat, drink, and sit, was codified into law as having "one drop" of black blood. And migrants fleeing violence in Central America are rarely granted asylum in the United States because of the legal definition of " refugee." There are profound consequences from definitions, and they should not be ceded to the staff of a reference book.

Even words without legal import can hold incredible power. Speech can't bruise skin, but it can break a spirit. Is a feeling any less real because it happens "under the hood?" Is heartbreak not real pain? Why do we describe hurtful words as a punch to the gut or a slap to the face? For so long, the free speech debate has been built upon an incoherent premise: that speech is powerful enough to solve social ills, but can't inflict as much damage as a fist.

When is speech violence? It depends on how we define it. If we define violence as a physical act, then speech is never violence. If we choose to define violence as causing harm to a person, then speech is often violence. If we choose to define violence as intentionally causing harm, then sometimes speech is violence.

If there is to be one takeaway from the work of Wittgenstein, it's that nothing is essential in language. He spent his entire life feeling around for the atoms of speech, only to discover that he was grasping at an illusion. Language is what we say, what we mean, and what we understand-different meanings for different people in different contexts.

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Wittgenstein on Whether Speech Is Violence - JSTOR Daily

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When is speech violence? Sometimes. It depends. That's a complicated question.

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Verbal aggression by parents and psychosocial problems of children

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Verbal aggression by parents and psychosocial problems of children

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According to the research: "Analyses of data on a nationally representative sample of 3,346 American parents with a child under 18 living at home found that 63% reported one or more instances of verbal aggression, such as swearing and insulting the child. Children who experienced frequent verbal aggression from parents (as measured by the Conflict Tactic Scales) exhibited higher rates of physical aggression, delinquency, and interpersonal problems than other children."

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Impact of Domestic Violence on Teenagers. | Daniel Zhu 

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Impact of Domestic Violence on Teenagers. | Daniel Zhu 

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Impact of Domestic Violence on Teenagers. | Daniel Zhu | TEDxUlink Guangzhou Youth

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Language, gender and ‘reality’: Violence against women

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Language, gender and ‘reality’: Violence against women

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The term ‘domestic violence’ understates the seriousness and criminality of violence within the home.

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Abstract

This paper examines the theory behind and some examples of the relationships between gender, language, cognition and perception in the context of the criminal justice system. In particular, we consider the language of domestic violence and sexual assault and how words and communication styles can affect and are affected by what we think and believe to be 'reality'. The paper illustrates how the language used to describe violence against women may operate to minimise these acts, and the dominant conversational style and female violence victims' genderlect may collide to produce evidentiary issues and a credibility gap. We argue that there is an inherent dilemma in engaging with legal constructs which continue to negate women's understandings of reality, and that the voices of female rape and domestic violence victims remain muted by the baritone 'voice' of the legal system.

Introduction

In this paper, we examine the theory behind and some examples of the relationships between gender, language, cognition and perception - particularly in law. We look at the language of domestic violence and sexual assault to see how words and communication styles can affect and are affected by what we think and believe to be 'reality.'

Legal thinking and communication strongly reflect masculine language styles, morals and values because our current legal system has evolved from an institution run entirely by males (Easteal, 2010). Its history has meant that it has ultimately suffered the same fate as our gender and identity roles, in that what was once a performance is now viewed only as natural. Simone de Beauvoir summed it up nicely when she stated, 'men have created the legal world in their own image, confusing it with the absolute truth' (de Beaviour, as cited in Davies, 1994, p. 168). It is our argument that the male values which our criminal justice system is based upon are consistently reinforced by the gendered language systems used within our criminal justice system. The 'voice' of the law is male, with its emphasis upon abstract rules, instead of the female whisper of connectedness. This is not a simple one-way relationship either. As explored in this article, law's baritone 'voice' also contributes in turn to the perpetuation of a masculine-derived perception of 'reality.' In making this argument, we acknowledge the impracticality of adding new gender-neutral pronouns to the English language (Pinker, 1994), and endorse Radcliffe Richards' (1980, p. 291) assessment that 'the use of "man", "he" and the like are not sexually neutral at all...and the common use of these male words does influence people's unconscious attitudes to women'.

In the next part of this paper, we see how language contributes to the construction of 'reality' (cognition and perception). We discuss how the language we use creates a lens which helps us perceive the world in certain ways and also can serve as a reflector of the dominant values. Then, in Part III, we look at how gender is related to, and reciprocally influential on, language and conversational styles. In Western industrialised countries like Australia, these communication differences have been coined 'genderlects ' (Tannen, 1990, 1994). Although primarily an essentialist construct, Tannen does include differences derived from ethnicity and class. It is the male style of speaking which dominates in mixed conversation and male genderlects are the norm in the professional domain (Coates, 1996).

The discussion of these nexuses between language and belief systems is necessary, as it provides a foundation to understanding how our laws and their administrative institutions are entrenched in a masculine legacy of words and semantics - institutional structures and workers often incapable of understanding and supporting women. Thus, in a survey examining community attitudes about violence against women, Taylor and Mouzos (2006) found that despite some positive changes over the previous decade, negative attitudes and stereotypes towards violence against women persisted. Social and legal constructions of violence against women may not correspond with the victims' experiences - how they perceive the violence. These differences are an effect of variation in the assumptions that we each make about 'reality.' Our perceptions are the outcome of a multitude of filters that twist and turn 'according to our own individual experiences and knowledge to create a picture at the end of the kaleidoscope cylinder' (Easteal, 2003, p. 250). In Part IV, we illustrate how the language used to describe violence against women (no doubt a reflection of dominant beliefs) may act to minimise these acts of violence, maintaining a 'reality' alternative to that of the victim. Finally, Part V examines how the dominant conversational style and the female violence victims' genderlect may collide to produce evidentiary issues and a credibility gap.

Section snippets

Sociolinguistic theory: language and 'reality'

The construction of our society, culture and identity - our 'reality' - has been established through a continuous process of performance and enculturation. From the day we are born, we observe others in our lives 'performing' a role. We watch our mother act like a 'mum', our father act like a 'dad', and our teachers act like 'teachers'. Through these observations of others in their particular 'roles', we begin to learn what is acceptable behaviour (Easteal, 2001). We learn what is deemed

Language, identity and gender

Just as language influences how we view the world around us, and how we act in that world, it can also affect our gender and identity (Coates, 1996; Omoniyi and White, 2006) and vice versa. Whilst we are born with a biologically predetermined 'sex', we are not born with a 'gender' (Cameron, 2006). Our 'gender' refers to the cultural traits deemed appropriate for men and women in each society (Cameron, 2006), and the roles that we 'perform' through language, and various discourses (Butler, 1990

The words of domestic violence

The term 'domestic violence' understates the seriousness and criminality of violence within the home. 'Domestic' means private, and is often perceived as a relatively unimportant place, with housework depicted as not quite genuine work since it is unpaid, in contrast to the more important world of real work and politics outside of the home.

The separation of the private and public is both part of our actual lives and an ideological mystification of liberal-patriarchal reality...women's natures are

Conversational styles collide

The last nexus between language, gender and the law that we want to highlight is the collision of genderlects in the legal sphere. For instance, women may be disadvantaged because the masculine-orientated style of direct questioning results in events being configured only around points of legal argumentation (Mertz, 2007). By only focussing on specific events, lawyers are ultimately disregarding the important social and emotional contexts in which conflicts have evolved (Mertz, 2007). When an

Conclusion

Australia remains a male-dominated society. The gendered pay gap and public/private dichotomy perpetuate devaluation of women and male dominance 'like a steady torrent of patriarchal rain upon the values, roles and structures of the society that in turn impact on the law' (Easteal, 2001, p. 12). Both from a holistic and a sociolegal perspective, all of these parts of culture are reflected in language and perpetuated by gender differences in language. Within a holistic and sociolinguistic model,

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Language, gender and 'reality': Violence against women

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This paper examines the theory behind and some examples of the relationships between gender, language, cognition and perception in the context of the ...

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Yuying Wu

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Domestic violence is a very serious problem, which not only causes physical and psychological harm to victims, but also has a negative impact on the entire society. Therefore, we should pay attention to this issue and take measures to prevent and combat domestic violence.

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Domestic Abuse: Types, Causes, and Impact

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This article explores the types, causes, signs, and impact of domestic abuse, as well as some ways to support someone who has been abused.

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Revealed various reasons why victims of domestic violence did not leave, including social environment, legal system, economic dependence, and lack of social and mental health services. We need to start from multiple aspects, including changing social attitudes, improving legal systems, providing economic support and social services, etc., to provide more help and support for victims of domestic violence.

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TED 中英雙語字幕:  Leslie Morgan Steiner  為什麼家暴受害者不離開

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Domestic violence can lead to many negative consequences, including psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, and inferiority of victims.

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Domestic Violence and Abuse - HelpGuide.org

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Are you or someone you care about in an abusive relationship? Learn about domestic abuse, including the more subtle signs.

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Yi Yang

Sexual violence harms people's lives a lot; however, there are abundant resources people can rely on for help. Most of them are free, easy to access, and confidential. The helpers are government and non-profit organizations. They provide support to a wide range of people such as people with disabilities, Indigenous people, children around the world, sexual victims with stigma, and also including sexual abusers.

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This is the definition of sexual violence and consent. As well as some guidance on how to help other people who experienced sexual violence. Being aware of this definition is very important for people to be aware of how to protect themselves and others.

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Sexual violence and consent- Women and Gender Equality Canada

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Learn about the role consent plays in a relationship, and the difference between consensual sex and sexual violence.

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Learn about colonization and Indigenous people's sexual violence. Learn about relational definitions. Get help from here.

Before colonization, two spiritual people were highly respected and protected.

Today,

1, Indigenous women and girls are 12 times more likely to be murdered or missing

2, 6 in 10 have experienced physical or sexual assault at some point in their life

3, 61% of Indigenous women and 83% of Indigenous women who are queer, lesbian, or bisexual have experienced sexual intimate partner violence

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Colonialism and Sexual Violence
The Sexual Assault Centre of Edmonton honours the strength and survivorship of individuals and communities who have experienced sexual violence; however, we must not forget the significant role such violence played throughout our colonial history as a tool of domination and control, and the ways in which it continues to affect Indigenous folks today.

We must acknowledge the non-consensual and violent displacement of Indigenous people across Turtle Island, through institutions and events such as residential schools, the 60s scoop, the millennium scoop, and Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls, and Two Spirit People (MMIWG2S), and how these directly connect to issues of sexual violence.

Residential schools began in the early 1800s, with the first school known as the Mohawk Institute. The last federally funded residential school, known as Kivalliq Hall in Rankin Inlet, closed in 1997. Residential schools were funded by the Canadian government, and were run by Anglican, Presbyterian, United, and Roman Catholic churches, and other Christian institutions. There were 25 residential schools in Alberta.

The 60s scoop soon followed residential schools, removing Indigenous babies and youth from homes, often sending them to non-Indigenous homes where some were faced with abuse of all sorts and complete disconnection from family and community. This same practice continues today, in what is now known as the millennium scoop. These displacements are directly implicated in the ongoing cycle of sexual violence experienced by generations of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities.

In many Indigenous communities and teachings prior to colonization, women, and Two Spirit people were highly respected and protected. Today, there are over 4,000 MMIWG2S. A 2018 Statistics Canada survey found that:

These numbers are alarmingly high and cannot be ignored. We all have an obligation to know these statistics, and more importantly, to learn how to make a change in the way sexual violence is affecting Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ communities.

We acknowledge the immense efforts being undertaken by Indigenous communities to heal, as well as the resiliency and strength that these efforts require. Our ongoing relationship with the land we occupy and the Indigenous people this land belongs to is crucial to addressing sexual violence. We encourage everyone to support self-advocacy work of these communities and remain aware of our roles as individuals, agencies, businesses, and a society in being actively accountable to these lasting impacts of colonialism.

The Sexual Assault Centre of Edmonton is committed to making every effort to be considered a safe and useful tool in the healing journey of Indigenous Peoples. To do so, we must recognize and honour our collective responsibility towards reconciliation and decolonization; a process that must centre Indigenous voices and self-advocacy work.

The links found on this page will support you in learning more about the connections between colonialism, colonization and sexual violence, as well as about some Indigenous-led initiatives.

The Caring Society champions culturally-based equity so that First Nations children and youth can grow up safely at home, get a good education, and be healthy and proud of who they are.

Includes important facts and statistics on rates of violence experienced by Indigenous women in contrast with non-Indigenous women.

A national representative organization of Inuit women in Canada, which among many things works to foster greater awareness and coordinates initiatives to address the gender-based violence faced by Inuit women.

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Treaty 6 Territory | Sexual Assault Centre Edmonton

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The land on which we reside is amiskwaciwâskahikan, Treaty 6 territory, and a traditional meeting ground and home where many Indigenous peoples and nations.

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Ophea’s work takes place on traditional Indigenous territories across Ontario.

learning on consent, healthy relationships, and sexual violence and harassment prevention

This series includes ready-to-use classroom activities.

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Share your videos with friends, family, and the world

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Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights of Young People With Disabilities

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Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights of Young People With Disabilities

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People with disabilities are at the highest risk of sexual violence. We should be aware of helping them to live away from sexual violence.

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Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights of Young People With Disabilities

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Physical violence is a severe problem that requires a multi-faceted approach to address. Understanding the causes and consequences of physical violence is the first step in developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. Working together as a community can create a safer and more peaceful society for everyone.

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Physical violence is a prevalent issue that affects individuals from all walks of life. Physical violence's causes are multifaceted, ranging from underlying psychological issues to cultural norms that condone violence. The consequences of physical violence can be devastating, including bodily injury, psychological trauma, and even death. This article provides an overview of physical violence, including its causes, consequences, and potential interventions. By understanding the complex factors that contribute to physical violence, we can work towards creating a safer and more peaceful society.

What is Physical Violence

Violence is a social problem that affects people of all ages, genders, races, and cultures. Physical violence, in particular, is a form of aggression that involves using physical force to harm or injure another person. This type of violence can have severe consequences, both for the victim and the perpetrator. This blog post will explore the causes of physical violence, its products, and some possible solutions to prevent it.

Definition of Physical Violence:

Physical violence refers to using force that causes bodily harm, injury, or pain to an individual. It can involve hitting, punching, kicking, choking, slapping, or any other form of physical force that causes harm.

Types of Physical Violence:

Who is at Risk of Physical Violence?

Physical violence can happen to anyone regardless of gender, age, or socioeconomic status. However, certain groups of people may be at higher risk of experiencing physical violence than others.

Causes of Physical Violence

Physical violence can have various causes, and the factors that contribute to it are often complex and multifaceted. Here is a brief overview of some of the common causes of physical violence:

It's important to note that these factors don't necessarily act in isolation but can interact with each other in complex ways to increase the risk of physical violence. Effective prevention and intervention strategies must consider these factors and holistically address them.

Consequences of Physical Violence

Physical violence can have severe consequences on an individual's health and well-being. The following are the details of the biological effects of physical violence:

In addition to the physical consequences, physical violence can also have psychological and social effects. Victims may experience fear, anxiety, and emotional distress, which can impact their mental health and well-being. They may also have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships, finding employment, and accessing healthcare services.

Psychological Consequences of Physical Violence

Physical violence can have severe psychological consequences on the victims. Here are some details on some of the most common psychological effects of physical violence:

It's important to note that the psychological consequences of physical violence can be long-lasting, and victims may need professional help to overcome them. Seeking therapy or counseling can be a helpful step toward recovery.

Social Consequences of Physical Violence

Physical violence can have various negative social consequences, including stigmatization and discrimination, breakdown of social support networks, and loss of trust and confidence. Let's explore each of these in more detail:

Physical violence can have serious social consequences, including stigmatization and discrimination, breakdown of social support networks, and loss of trust and confidence. It is essential for society to recognize and address these consequences and to work to support victims of violence and prevent violence from occurring in the first place.

Solutions to Physical Violence

Prevention Strategies: Preventing physical violence requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses various root causes of violent behavior. Some prevention strategies include:

Education and Awareness Campaigns: Education and awareness campaigns are the most effective ways to prevent physical violence. This involves educating the public on the causes and effects of physical violence and teaching them about the signs and symptoms of abusive behavior. Such campaigns can be carried out through various mediums, such as public service announcements, posters, social media campaigns, and community events. These campaigns can also include training sessions and workshops for individuals, such as school children, parents, and employees, on recognizing and responding to physical violence.

Strengthening of Law Enforcement: Another crucial prevention strategy is strengthening the law enforcement agencies responsible for preventing and responding to physical violence. This includes increasing the number of police officers and their training on how to handle domestic violence and other forms of physical violence. Additionally, it ensures that the justice system provides fair and timely trials for perpetrators of physical violence and offers adequate protection for victims and witnesses.

Creation of Support Services for Victims: The third strategy involves creating support services for victims of physical violence. This includes establishing hotlines, shelters, and counseling services for those affected by physical violence. These support services can help victims to escape abusive situations and provide them with the necessary resources to heal and recover from their experiences. It is also essential to raise public awareness about these support services and make them easily accessible to all victims, regardless of their background or financial status.

Intervention Strategies

Intervention strategies for physical violence depend on the severity of the situation and the individuals involved. Here are some general designs that can help address physical violence:

Overall, combining intervention strategies may be most effective in addressing physical violence. This can involve early intervention and treatment, restorative justice and rehabilitation, punitive measures, and deterrents. Addressing the underlying causes of violence, such as poverty, social inequality, and mental health issues, is essential to create a safer and more peaceful society.

Community Involvement

Community involvement is a critical factor in preventing and addressing physical violence. Here are some solutions to physical violence that involve community involvement:

Collaboration and coordination between agencies: Agencies such as law enforcement, social services, and healthcare providers should collaborate and coordinate their efforts to prevent and address physical violence. They should collaborate to share information and resources, identify and respond to risk factors, and support victims and their families.

Involvement of religious and cultural institutions: Religious and cultural institutions can play an essential role in preventing physical violence by promoting positive values and norms that discourage violence. They can also support victims and their families and work with other community organizations to address the root causes of violence.

Empowerment of community members to take action: Community members should be empowered to take action to prevent physical violence. This can involve providing education and training on recognizing and reporting violence, promoting community engagement and involvement, and creating opportunities for community members to participate in prevention and intervention efforts.

Overall, community involvement is essential for preventing and addressing physical violence. We can create safer and more resilient communities by working together and empowering community members.

Conclusion

Physical violence is a severe problem that requires a multi-faceted approach to address. Understanding the causes and consequences of physical violence is the first step in developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. Working together as a community can create a safer and more peaceful society for everyone.

Last worded from Author.

Thank you for reading this blog post on physical violence. We must continue the conversation and take action toward preventing and addressing this issue in our communities. Let's work together towards a safer and more peaceful world.

FAQs
What is physical violence?
References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Understanding Intimate Partner Violence. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/index.html

National Institute of Justice. (2021). Workplace Violence. https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/workplace-violence

World Health Organization. (2021). Violence Against Women. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
Also Read

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Definition Physical Violence: Understanding the Causes

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Physical violence is the intentional use of force against someone, resulting in injury or harm to their body.

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Words are powerful. That’s why at the Center for Hope & Safety we are constantly evaluating our language to consider how we might best communicate the truth about violence against women and children and place the blame where it belongs - on the abuser.

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The following are examples of ways to rephrase victim-blaming language:

She provoked him.
He made a choice.

Why does she stay?
Why does he batter?

Family violence, violent relationship
Abuser, violent person

She is a battered woman.
He is an abuser.

He has an anger control issue.
He uses abuse to have power and control over his partner.

Language, or word choice, has a tremendous impact on what we think of ourselves and each other. Think back to a time in your childhood when someone called you a name, or said something derogatory about you. You can probably remember the exact words they used to humiliate or degrade you. Words are extremely powerful.

Survivors of domestic and sexual violence experience the impact of negative words every time someone questions their actions or doubts their experiences. People often underestimate the importance of choosing appropriate language to discuss the issues of domestic and sexual violence.

For example, following a homicide/suicide in Sheridan, Oregon, a local newspaper headline read: "Couple leaves behind two small children."

To read the printed words, one might assume that the woman made a decision to abandon her children. In reality, this woman was murdered by her husband. A more accurate headline might have read: "Husband beats wife to death"

Today, many in our society want to ignore men's violence against women. It's not uncommon to read an entire article about domestic violence without encountering any gender-specific terms. When former President Clinton wrote a letter on the seriousness of domestic violence, he never referred to men as perpetrators. However, the truth is that 95% of the time that domestic violence takes place, it is male violence perpetrated against women.

Words are powerful. That's why at the Center for Hope & Safety we are constantly evaluating our language to consider how we might best communicate the truth about violence against women and children and place the blame where it belongs - on the abuser.

We have changed the way we talk about violence against women and children. For example, we used to say, "Every nine seconds a woman is beaten in the U.S." Now we say, "Every nine seconds a man beats a woman in the U.S." We reframe "Why does she stay?" with the question, "Why does he batter?"

We avoid the terms violent relationship and family violence which suggest a relationship problem or that everyone in the family is violent. These terms miss the truth - they miss the opportunity to make it clear that one man is making the choice to be violent to a woman or a family.

A national columnist, Kathleen Parker, has devoted a lot of space in her column to address what she considers a travesty of justice: the false claims of domestic violence against men who are actually innocent. Parker claims that not only are women lying in their claims of abuse, but they are actually just as violent as men.

Parker's commentary (July 1999) insists that women often initiate the violence that leads to their injury or death. She states: "Though we can't ignore that men, owing to size and strength, are more dangerous than women when provoked, we also can't ignore that women may need to change their behavior", (emphasis added). Sentences like this one deliver a devastating message to victims of violence by insinuating that if a woman is beaten by her partner, she probably provoked him and therefore somehow needs to shoulder the blame for what happened to her.

However, empirical research simply does not support the concept that women are as violent as men. Our sources of information about domestic violence do not come from "radical feminists", or even domestic violence service providers. The statistics we use come from slightly less controversial sources like the FBI and the San Diego Police Department! The SDPD made the commitment to speak with every child in the household when they were called to the scene of a domestic assault. The children reported that 95% of the time the male in the household was the abuser.

Parker asserts in her column a myth that seems to be extremely prevalent - that women lie about domestic violence in order to gain advantages during a divorce or custody hearing. This is a hard concept to agree with for several reasons:

Research suggests that false reports of domestic violence are made at about the same rate as other crimes - somewhere in the neighborhood of 2% of the time. In order to make false claims of domestic violence, a woman would have to go through an extreme amount of work and inconvenience - police interviews, countless questions from friends, family, co-workers, and social service agencies, piles of paperwork to file restraining orders and stalking citations, lost time at work, attorney's fees, etc.

Considering the amount of effort a woman would have to go through to lie about domestic violence, the payoff seems virtually nonexistent. A woman who tells the truth about domestic violence often receives no reprieve from the visitation rights of the father, no matter how severe the violence against her or the children. Victims rarely receive special consideration during divorce and custody proceedings; in fact, several women in our community who have lost custody of their children, even though the violence was documented. In some cases, custody is granted to the father, even though there is documented child abuse. The reality is that telling the truth about domestic violence does not guarantee a woman that the judicial or social service systems will respond appropriately.

Unfortunately, Parker's words are powerful. Her voice speaks louder than most, because she communicates in a forum that is accessed by vast numbers of people. Words like Parker's do damage to the anti-violence movement; they perpetuate myths and stereotypes about victims that contribute to keeping victims silent.

But victims are not the only ones that are affected by words - language is often used to try to silence advocates, too. Women working in the antiviolence movement are called male bashers, man-haters and femi-nazis. Why? Because they work to call attention to some men's violence toward women. Men who are active in the anti-violence movement are often silenced by homophobic language - they are called "homos," "fags," etc. Jackson Katz, a man who writes and speaks out against men's violence toward women, notes the irony in the logic that "because we care about women we must want to have sex with men."

Women and men alike must be willing to address the stereotypes and oppressions that are used to keep violence against women and children in place. Words are powerful, and we each choose which words to use every day. Each person who understands the issues has the opportunity to help others understand as well, by choosing words that reflect the truth about domestic and sexual violence.

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The following are examples of ways to rephrase victim-blaming language: She provoked him. He made a choice. Why does she stay? Why does he batter? Family violence, violent relationship Abuser, violent person She is a battered woman. He is an abuser. He has an anger control issue.

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Pysical violence can lead to many negative consequences, including psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, and inferiority of victims, as well as broken marriage and parent-child relationships. These negative consequences can have long-term negative impacts on victims and families, and may even lead to criminal behavior.

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在 Shutterstock 收藏中查找 Young Woman Bruised Arms Sitting On HD 库存图片以及数百万张免版税库存照片、3D 物体、插图和矢量图。 每天添加成千上万张全新的高品质图片。

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My solutions : 1. Establish a sound family legal system.

2. Provide psychological support.

3. Establish a support network.

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Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior used to gain or keep power and control over another person in a relationship. If you're experiencing abuse, you have options for getting help.

In the United States, domestic violence affects an estimated 10 million people each year.

But domestic violence can take many forms, and it's not always easy to recognize. In fact, other terms for domestic violence, such as "relationship abuse" and "intimate partner abuse," help emphasize that abuse doesn't always involve physical violence. You can also experience relationship abuse if you live in different households.

Relationship abuse is a pretty broad category, but it can include any behavior intended to coerce, manipulate, threaten or intimidate, or isolate a relationship partner.

suggests up to 1 in 4 women and 1 in 9 men have experienced this type of abuse. That said, the actual number of people who have experienced relationship abuse may be much higher because many people never report it.

If you think you've experienced relationship abuse, you're not alone - and you have options for getting support.
Get started with our domestic violence resource guide.
Here's how to recognize the signs and effects of relationship abuse plus some guidance on getting help in any situation.

Examples of relationship abuse include:

Verbal abuse

When someone says things to intentionally scare you, degrade you, or otherwise damage your self-worth, that's considered verbal abuse. Examples include:

regularly yelling and screaming at you

humiliating you in front of other people

calling you names, swearing at you, or using other foul language

putting down your physical appearance, job, interests, or anything else about you

threatening to harm you, your loved ones, or your pets

threatening to take your children away or keep you from spending time with them

Physical abuse

This type of abuse involves any unwanted physical contact or touch intended to hurt or intimidate you such as:

slapping

kicking

holding you down

shoving or pushing you

pulling your hair

choking you

throwing objects at you

grabbing your face to force you to look at them

blocking a doorway to prevent you from leaving

Emotional abuse

Any behavior meant to control or manipulate you, or undermine your sense of individuality and independence, counts as emotional abuse. For example:

guilt-tripping you

gaslighting you to deny your experiences or past events

giving you the silent treatment to punish you

controlling who you spend time with

isolating you from loved ones

making threats to get you to act a certain way

starting rumors about you

trivializing your feelings, boundaries, or accomplishments

blaming you for all problems in the relationship

spying on your devices

Sexual abuse

Pressuring or outright forcing you to engage in any unwanted sexual acts, or doing anything to control your sexual experience, also counts as abuse. Some common signs of sexual abuse include:

unwanted touching or kissing

refusing to use a condom or other barrier methods

"stealthing," or removing a condom or barrier without telling you

restricting your access to birth control

unwanted rough sexual activity

sexual coercion, or pressuring you into performing sexual acts

forcing you to take sexual photos or sharing explicit photos of you without consent

pressuring you to send them nude or sexual photos

forcing you to watch sexually explicit material

performing sexual acts with you when you're unable to say no - for instance, because you're asleep or intoxicated

Financial abuse

It's also abusive if your partner controls your access to money or prevents you from earning an income.

Examples of financial abuse include:

telling you to quit your job or calling your boss and quitting on your behalf

hiding your car or office keys so you can't go to work

showing up at your work repeatedly and causing problems so you lose your job

preventing you from accessing your bank account

taking your money, debit and credit cards, or your wallet

insisting on taking control of your finances and giving you a set "allowance" each week or month

using a joint account or your account to make purchases without your consent

selling your assets or property without your consent

opening credit cards in your name or insisting you open credit cards for them to use

refusing to pay child support

telling you to get a second job so they can quit their job

making you show them your receipts for every purchase you make

telling you what you can and can't purchase with money you earn

making financial decisions that affect you without getting your consent

Abuse of any kind is never your fault - no matter what anyone says to suggest otherwise.

People who abuse others do so in an effort to keep power and control, says Candace Kotkin-De Carvalho, a licensed social worker and certified clinical trauma professional in New Jersey and Clinical Director of Absolute Awakenings. They might do this for any number of reasons.

For example, some people who abuse others may have grown up in a chaotic environment where they felt they had very little control over their lives.

Abusive behavior often stems from a history of trauma, according to Steve Carleton, a licensed clinical social worker and Executive Clinical Director at Gallus Detox. People who abuse others may have experienced or witnessed abusive behavior during childhood from parents, caregivers, or older siblings. They may have also learned it from friends or pop culture.

Other factors that may contribute to or escalate aggressive behavior in relationships may include:

That said, it's important to keep in mind that these factors don't directly cause abuse or automatically mean someone will become abusive. People who abuse others do so by choice.

Intimate partner abuse can have long-term negative effects on your overall well-being.

Physical consequences of abuse may include:

A 2022 review found that chronic pain and illnesses caused by constant exposure to stress and violence can persist even after the domestic violence stops. Researchers noted that sexual abuse can increase the risk of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.

Stress caused by intimate partner violence during pregnancy can also contribute to childbirth complications such as low birth weight and preterm birth.

Abuse can also affect your mental health.

According to a 2021 review, women who experienced intimate partner violence report increased symptoms of:

This kind of abuse can also cause trouble sleeping, along with feelings of shame, fear, and hopelessness, says Sam Nabil, a licensed professional counselor and CEO of Naya Clinics.

A 2021 study involving married women found that all types of intimate partner violence are linked to post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition marked by severe anxiety, flashbacks, nightmares, and unwanted thoughts relating to distressing events.

A of British adults also found a strong link between intimate partner violence and self-harm, as well as suicidal thoughts and attempts.

When you're ready to reach out for help, know that you have plenty of options available.

First things first: If you're in immediate danger, call - or text - 911 or local emergency services.

Otherwise, a good first step involves reaching out to a local domestic violence program. These programs offer the opportunity to talk with a trained professional who can provide helpful resources, including:

information on key signs of abuse to pay attention to

strategies for safety planning if you decide to leave the relationship

legal options to be aware of

FYI
You can visit the National Domestic Violence Hotline online or call 800-799-7233 for free, confidential support at any time.

Staff at the Hotline can help you find a local program and offer more guidance on recognizing signs of abuse.

Not sure if you're experiencing relationship abuse? Carleton recommends talking with a therapist or counselor, trusted friend, or family member. You can also connect with a domestic violence advocate for more support.

It's always worth reaching out, even if you don't recognize common signs of abuse but things just don't feel right in your relationship.

"Hearing another perspective can help you to see the situation more clearly and make decisions about what to do next," Carleton says.

Supporting someone else

If you think someone you know is experiencing abuse but they don't agree, Carleton suggests starting a nonjudgmental conversation and expressing concern about some of the red flags you've noticed.

Let your loved one know you're there to support them if and when they need it, regardless of how they decide to move forward in the relationship. You can also suggest resources such as domestic violence hotlines, shelters, and legal services.

"Make sure to check in on their safety regularly but also respect their wishes and boundaries," Carleton says.

"Ultimately, it's important to remember that the person has the right to make their own decisions, and you can't force them to do anything. But your support and care can be an invaluable source of strength and empowerment," Carleton says.

In search of support for yourself or someone else? These resources can help:

All types of domestic violence, or relationship abuse, can have long lasting negative effects on your health and well-being.

If you've experienced abuse, remember: It's not your fault, and you deserve to be treated with kindness, compassion, and respect.

No matter what kind of abuse you're experiencing or what stage you're at in the process of getting help, remember you're not alone in navigating this situation, and you always have options for support.
Rebecca Strong is a Boston-based freelance writer covering health and wellness, fitness, food, lifestyle, and beauty. Her work has also appeared in Insider, Bustle, StyleCaster, Eat This Not That, AskMen, and Elite Daily.

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What Is Domestic Violence? Know the Signs and How to Get Help

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Domestic violence can take many forms - but all types of relationship abuse can have lasting effects on your well-being. Here's how to get support.

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Alice Wang

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This is the definition of psychological violence and the physical and mental effects of psychological abuse. Make people aware of the seriousness of psychological violence.

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Is emotional abuse the same as psychological abuse?
What is emotional and psychological abuse?
What are the signs of emotional and psychological abuse?
What are some forms of emotional and psychological abuse?
What are the effects of emotional and psychological abuse?
What can I do if I am a victim of emotional and psychological abuse?
Is emotional abuse the same as psychological abuse?
There is no clear agreement among experts in the field whether there is a meaningful difference between emotional and psychological abuse. There is some research that suggests that there are slight differences between the two. Emotional abuse is believed to be broader and so psychological abuse is often considered to be one form of emotional abuse. Also, psychological abuse involves the use of verbal and social tactics to control someone's way of thinking, such as "gaslighting," which is not necessarily the same as other forms of emotional abuse.

However, for the purposes of the following questions, WomensLaw will group the terms together since the behaviors described by both concepts are similar enough that there isn't a real difference when considering legal remedies for victims of these behaviors.

What is emotional and psychological abuse?
Abuse comes in many different forms. Even when there is no physical violence, abusive language can be very damaging to you and your children. Emotional and psychological abuse are include mostly non-physical behaviors that the abuser uses to control, isolate, or frighten you. Often, the abuser uses it to break down your self-esteem and self-worth in order to create a psychological dependency on him/her. Emotional and psychological abuse are hard forms of abuse to recognize because the abuse is spread throughout your everyday interactions. Unlike physical abuse, there are often no isolated incidents or clear physical evidence to reference. ¹

¹ See The National Domestic Violence Hotline, What is Emotional Abuse page

What are the signs of emotional and psychological abuse?
Emotional and psychological abuse may begin suddenly or it may slowly start to enter into your relationship. Some abusers behave like a good partner in the beginning and start the abuse after the relationship is established. When this shift in behavior occurs, it can leave you feeling shocked, confused, and even embarrassed. However, abuse is never your fault even if the abuser tells you it is or if your family members or friends blame you for "allowing" the abuse. It is often difficult to decide whether or not certain behaviors are emotionally or psychologically abusive, especially if you grew up witnessing abuse. However, as with all other types of domestic violence, the behavior is intended to gain and keep power and control over you. Some signs that a partner is being emotionally and psychologically abusive include:

humiliating you in front of others;

calling you insulting names, such as "stupid," "disgusting," or "worthless";

getting angry in a way that is frightening to you;

threatening to hurt you, people you care about, or pets;

the abuser threatening to harm him/herself when upset with you;

saying things like, "If I can't have you, then no one can;"

deciding things for you that you should decide, like what you wear or eat;

acting jealous, including constantly accusing you of cheating;

continually pretending to not to understand what you are saying, making you feel stupid, or refusing to listen to your thoughts and opinions;

questioning your memory of events or denying that an event happened the way you said it did, even when the abuser knows that you are right;

changing the subject whenever you try to start conversations with the abuser and others and questioning your thoughts in a way that makes you feel unworthy; and

making your needs or feelings seem unimportant or less important than those of the abuser.¹

1 See U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Office on Women's Health, Emotional and Verbal Abuse page

What are some forms of emotional and psychological abuse?
Emotional and psychological abuse can involve behaviors or acts towards you or towards others. Below, we discuss both.

Acts towards others:
Abuse of pets
Pets are commonly viewed as family members and treasured companions. The abuser may use the emotional and psychological connection you have with your pets to gain power and control over you by harming or threatening to harm your pet in any of the following ways:

harming your pet to get back at you for actions that you may have taken that show self-determination or independence;

harming your pet as "punishment" for something that you or your children did;

threatening or harming your pet in an attempt to force (coerce) you into doing something; or

forcing you or your children to harm or kill your pet or to watch the abuser do it.¹

Threats to self-harm
When your partner regularly threatens self-harm when you don't do what the abuser wants you to do or when you decide to leave the relationship, this is a form of emotional and psychological abuse. The abuser is using your love for him/her to manipulate and control you. When your partner makes these threats, steps you can take to protect yourself include:

telling your partner you care about him/her, but sticking to your boundaries - in other words, not necessarily doing whatever the abuser tells you is necessary to do to "prevent" self-harm;

not taking responsibility for the abuser's actions if the abuser does decide to self-harm; and

remembering that it is not your responsibility to "make" the abuser not self-harm. For example, the abuser may say, "If you really loved me, you'd stop me from killing myself" but this is part of the manipulation that often comes with emotional abuse.²

Acts towards you:
Isolation
In an emotionally and psychologically abusive relationship, the abuser will do many things in an attempt to cut all of the emotional ties you have with other people so that the only one left is the one to the abuser. Some signs of this type of isolation include:

preventing or discouraging you from seeing family or friends and making you feel guilty when you do;

wanting to know what you're doing all the time and making you be in constant contact;

restricting access to transportation so you can't leave the home;

acting jealous of time spent with your family or friends, often to the point where you will "choose" not to see them anymore so you don't have to put up with the abuser's jealousy; and

wanting you to ask for permission before doing something or spending time with other people.³

Gaslighting
Gaslighting is a form of emotional and psychological abuse that tends to happen gradually in a relationship. The term "gaslighting" is used to describe a pattern of behavior in which the abuser intentionally denies that acts or events happened in the way that you know that they happened. An abuser will often twist your emotions, words, and experiences and use them against you, which causes you to question your reality, to doubt your own judgment and memory, and to make you feel that you are "going crazy." Signs that you are experiencing gaslighting include:

feeling confused, "crazy," and constantly second-guessing yourself;

constantly questioning if you are being "too sensitive";

having trouble making simple decisions;

constantly apologizing to your partner;

frequently making excuses for your partner's behavior;

finding yourself withholding information from loved ones;

starting to lie to avoid the put-downs or reality twists;

feeling as though you can't do anything right; and

wondering if you are a "good enough" partner.⁴

Ultimately, these behaviors are meant to control, isolate, or frighten you, and while they do not leave physical scars, they can leave long-lasting trauma. ⁵

1 This information was adapted from Pets and Domestic Violence
² See The National Domestic Violence Hotline, When Your Partner Threatens Suicide page
³ See The National Domestic Violence Hotline, What is Emotional Abuse page
⁴ See The National Domestic Violence Hotline, What is Gaslighting page
⁵ See U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Office on Women's Health, Emotional and Verbal Abuse page

What are the effects of emotional and psychological abuse?
Emotional and psychological abuse can have severe short- and long-term effects. This type of abuse can affect both your physical and your mental health. You may experience feelings of confusion, anxiety, shame, guilt, frequent crying, over-compliance, powerlessness, and more. You may stay in the relationship and try to bargain with the abuser or try to change the abuser's behavior, often placing blame on yourself, even though you are not at fault.

If you're dealing with severe and ongoing emotional abuse, it's possible to lose your entire sense of self and begin to doubt your self-worth or your abilities, which may make it even harder to leave the relationship. Long-term emotional abuse can also result in several health problems, including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, chronic pain, and more. ¹ It's important to get emotional support to help you deal with the trauma of emotional and psychological abuse - see What can I do if I am a victim of emotional and psychological for more information.

¹ This information was adapted from U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Office on Women's Health, Emotional and Verbal Abuse page and Effects of Violence Against Women page.

What can I do if I am a victim of emotional and psychological abuse?
If you are the victim of emotional and psychological abuse, you may be hesitant to seek help or tell your friends and family because you fear they will not believe you or take you seriously. You may feel shame or confusion as to what is happening. However, seeking help and support is essential to ending an emotionally or psychologically abusive relationship. The effects of these types of abuse are serious and it is common for emotional and psychological abuse to escalate to physical violence. You can go to our National Organizations - Emotional Abuse section for national resources or talk to an advocate or counselor at your local domestic violence organization, listed on our Advocates and Shelters page. Local domestic violence programs often offer free counseling, support groups, and the advocates in these organizations could point you to other local help and support options.

In addition, depending on how domestic violence is defined in your state, the abuser's behavior can fall under certain crimes or you may qualify for a restraining order. A few states specifically allow someone to get a restraining order based on "coercive control," which is a form of emotional and psychological abuse. Even in states where emotional abuse is not considered as a reason for a restraining order, it's possible that certain emotionally abusive acts may, in fact, qualify you for an order. For example, if an abuser threatens you or continually texts or calls you repeatedly without reason to do so, this could be considered enough to grant an order. In our Restraining Orders page, you can chose your state from the drop-down menu and look for the question where we include the legal definition of domestic violence for the purposes of getting a restraining order. Some states also recognize emotionally abusive acts as crimes, such as threats or public disturbances, for example. You can go to our Crimes page to read through the list of common crimes committed by abusers to see if any match up with the abuser's actions.

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Is emotional abuse the same as psychological abuse? What is emotional and psychological abuse? What are the signs of emotional and psychological abuse? What are some forms of emotional and psychological abuse? What are the effects of emotional and psychological abuse? What can I do if I am a victim of emotional and psychological abuse?

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An introduction to the types, effects, and coping strategies of psychological abuse. And the hardest part is finding out that you are being emotionally abused because a lot of times people confuse the concept between abuse and education.

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This article discusses the different types of psychological abuse and their impact, the signs of abuse, and some coping strategies that may be helpful.

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What keeps people in psychologically abusive relationships and the unconscious patterns that shape our behaviour. Psychological violence is destructive so it cannot be ignored.

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Psychological abuse - caught in harmful relationships | Signe M. Hegestand | TEDxAarhus

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Five ways to prevent emotional abuse.

1. Watch for attempts to shame, deny, and criticize.

2. Look for behaviors associated with dominance and control.

3. Watch for signs of emotional distancing and manipulation 4 Think of a situation where someone accepted blame.

5. Ask yourself if someone is disrespecting your personal boundaries.

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5 Ways to Prevent Emotional Abuse - wikiHow

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Emotional abuse can take a variety of forms, from humiliating jokes to degrading comments, and it’s not always easy to spot. If you believe you’re the target of emotional abuse, remove yourself from the situation and cut ties with your…

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1. Create a support group: Establish support groups to provide support and prevention advice to victims and those who will be harmed.

2. Awareness raising education: By promoting and educating the public, we aim to raise awareness and awareness of domestic violence, as well as enhance people's awareness and self-protection abilities.

3. Strengthen regulatory efforts: Strengthen the supervision and punishment of perpetrators, increase their illegal costs, and reduce the occurrence of illegal activities.

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Addressing verbal violence in families at the social system and policy levels involves implementing strategies that not only support individual families but also work to create a broader societal environment that discourages such behaviors. Here are some potential solutions:

1.Public Awareness Campaigns:

Launch public awareness campaigns aimed at educating the community about the negative impacts of verbal violence in families. These campaigns can promote healthy communication, provide resources for families in need, and reduce the stigma associated with seeking help.

2.Education Programs:

Implement educational programs in schools that focus on teaching communication skills, conflict resolution, and emotional intelligence. By starting at a young age, these programs can help prevent the cycle of verbal violence from continuing into future generations.

3.Accessible Counseling Services:

Increase access to affordable and accessible counseling services for families. This can be done through public funding, partnerships with community organizations, or the integration of mental health services into existing healthcare systems. Removing barriers to counseling can encourage families to seek help before verbal violence escalates.

4.Legal Protections and Resources:

Strengthen legal protections for victims of verbal violence within the family. This may involve reviewing and updating domestic violence laws to include verbal abuse. Ensure that there are appropriate resources and support systems, such as shelters and counseling, available for those who need to leave abusive situations.

5.Community Support Programs:

Develop community-based support programs that engage and empower families. These programs can include parenting classes, support groups, and community centers that provide resources for families facing challenges. Creating a sense of community and connection can be a powerful deterrent to verbal violence.

Workplace Policies:

6.Research and Data Collection:

Invest in research to better understand the root causes and prevalence of verbal violence in families. This data can inform the development of effective policies and interventions. Regularly collecting and analyzing data on family dynamics and violence can also help track progress over time.

7.Collaboration with NGOs and Advocacy Groups:

Partner with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and advocacy groups that specialize in family violence prevention. These organizations often have valuable expertise and can provide additional resources and support.

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Sexual Assault Centres, Crisis Lines, And Support Services

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Sexual Assault Centres, Crisis Lines, And Support Services

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National shelters support

1, a national list of shelters and transition houses

2, National Residential School Crisis Line

3, National Aboriginal Circle Against Family Violence

4, Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline

5, Kids Help Phone

British Columbia

1, VictimLink BC

2, Ending Violence Association of BC

3, British Columbia Society for Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse

4, Salal Sexual Violence Support Centre

5, Surrey Women’s Centre Mobile Assault Response Team

6, Prince George Sexual Assault Centre

7, Victoria Sexual Assault Centre

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Sexual Assault Centres, Crisis Lines, and Support Services - Ending Violence Association of Canada

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If you are in immediate DANGER or fear for your safety, please CALL 911.

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Victoria Sexual Assault Centre: healing, education and prevention

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Victoria Sexual Assault Centre: healing, education and prevention

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A local organization helps and supports the people who currently or in the past experienced sexual violence, and the people who want to help others; especially Trans, Two-Spirit, and Gender Diverse Survivors.

Also, they provide resources for healing, resources for agency pamphlets, and resource booklets for hospitals, survivors, and educators.

In addition, they introduce The Impact Of Sexual Violence.

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The Victoria Sexual Assault Centre is a feminist organization committed to ending sexualized violence through healing, education, and prevention. We are dedicated to supporting women and all Trans survivors of sexual assault and childhood sexual abuse, through advocacy, counselling, and empowerment.

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Victoria Sexual Assault Centre | We're a feminist organization committed to ending sexualized violence through healing, education, and prevention.

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The Victoria Sexual Assault Centre is a feminist organization committed to ending sexualized violence through healing, education, and prevention. We are dedicated to supporting women and all Trans survivors of sexual assault and childhood sexual abuse, through advocacy, counselling, and empowerment.

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Signs an abuser is willing to make changes

How can I help a friend who is an abuser

Family Violence Intervention Program (FVIP)

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Helping Abusers - Center for Prevention of Abuse

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Learn more about how you can help someone who is an abuser or expressing abusive behavior with information from the Center for Prevention of Abuse.

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1, UNICEF plays a key role in preventing and responding to sexual violence worldwide – both in emergency and non-emergency contexts – through programs, partnerships, and advocacy.

2, Every year, millions of girls and boys around the world face sexual abuse and exploitation.

3, Sexual violence results in severe physical, psychological, and social harm.

4, While sexual violence is fundamentally a crime of power, it is increasingly driven by economic motives.

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Sexual violence knows no boundaries. It occurs in every country, across all parts of society.