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-Evaporation

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Filtration then evaporation

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Liquids with difference in boiling points

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Liquids with difference in boiling points

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Distillation

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Chromatography is a technique used to separate substances based on their interaction with the stationary phase.

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Chromatgrophy

a technique that separates chemical species based on their interaction with a , which is typically a solid surface or a liquid.

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The stationary phase is made of cellulose which is a polar substance, polar substances attach more strongly to it, moving less up the paper during the mobile phase.

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1. Paper- includes cellulose as a stationary phase.

2. TLC- includes silica as a stationary phase.

3. Column- includes silica or alumina as stationary phase.

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process:

Step 1: rig site preparation

step 2: drilling

step 3: cementing and testing

step 4: well completion

step 5: fracking

step 6: production and fracking fluid recycling

step 7: well abandonment and land restoration

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Crude Oil Extraction in relation to separation of solutions  

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Crude Oil Extraction in relation to separation of solutions  

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Crude oil is vaporized and made to undergo fractional distillation where its components get separated as shown in the figure.

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Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is essentially the same as paper chromatography except during the stationary phase where silica is used; TLC is faster, cheaper, and more solvents can be used.

Column chromatography is very similar to TLC but takes longer, allowing for higher purity of separated components.

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1. Simple distillation: large difference in boiling points

2. Fractional distillation: small difference in boiling points