# data[].attributes.body
Minimalism is a style that started during the 1960s in New York, US. Minimalism is one of the most important styles during this time, which is also labeled as “ABC,” “Boring,” or “Literal” Art, by critics of that time. Minimalism is defined with geometric shapes in simple arrangement without decoration or dynamics. These geometric shapes are seen as the "bare bones" of minimalist art. Minimalist art is often used for sculptures. However, minimalism is also expression in other art disciplines such as painting and music. One apparent effect of minimalist art is that they lack apparent meaning. They lack expressive features or symbolisms to have any obvious meaning.

# data[].attributes.body
One source of influence was many art styles that developed prior to 1960s. Art works created by artists during De Stijl, Russian Constructivists, and Bauhaus styles were exhibited in New York, which gave much inspiration to artists of minimalism. Minimalism was influenced the most by Russian Constructivism, taking on characteristics of geometric forms and repetition. However, Minimalism focused more on sculptures while Constructivism expressed more on paper.

# data[].attributes.body
Another source of influence was conceptual art, which believes that the idea behind the art is more important than the finished art object itself. With many minimalist art being in their skeleton form, they depict more of the idea behind their work.

# data[].attributes.body
In this sculpture, Judd uses shiny copper sheets to form rectangular boxes, leaving some distance between shapes. This sculpture is an example of minimalism because he chooses to use industrial material, which is common in minimalist artists. The gaps have the same distance. The arrangement of material shows the idea of order according to strict principles. The demonstration of an idea through a art piece is an aspect of minimalism. However, one small difference is his choice of material. His choice to use bright color and shiny surface makes this sculpture different from other minimalist art.

# data[].attributes.body
In this sculpture, Morris wants to show that an object's portrayal affects the way viewer understand the subject. In this sculpture, Morris placed three eight-foot fiberglass "L-beams". Even though all three fiberglass have the same size, they appear different for the viewer. With this size contrast, Morris shows the difference between the perception and fact of the object. Morris arranged three fiberglass in a way that the viewer could not connect to things seen in real life, which is also a significant idea behind this sculpture.

# data[].attributes.body
In this painting, Stella paints a circle formed by two protractors, each of which interlocks with a horizontal protractor shape. Stella also paints eight circular bands within each protractors, which are painted like a rainbow. Even though the dominant shape is circle, every shape has two horizontal and vertical lines that forms grids. With all these abstract design, Stella shows the uncertainty of meaning that is so common in Modernist art. Moreover, Stella paints this art in a two dimensional perspective, which is also a defining aspect of Modernist art.

# data[].attributes.body
In the Jewish Museum's exhibition titled Primary Structures, Andre made this sculpture by placing 137 firebricks touching each other in a straight line. This sculpture has many characteristics of modernism, such as reductive approach to sculpture, seemingly lack of aesthetics, and the use of industrial methods of production. All these characteristics angered much of the public. However, Lever is full of different interpretations. The title "lever" could be referring to the process of a machine. The fact that bricks lay beside one another symbolizes the need to do all the steps needed on a machine in order to achieve its desired function. Andre also places these bricks on the floor, which invites the viewer to walk on it. From the placement, Andre challenges the assumption that sculpture is to be revered and untouched.

# data[].attributes.body
This music has three parts, which are America--before the war, Europe--during the way, and After the War. In every section, Reich has a single instrument for introduction, which can be different from music of pervious styles. This difference is a challenge to traditional music, which is what Minimalist artists tend to do. During the music, Reich uses melodies from recordings of spoken phrases, train sounds, sirens, and warning bells. Through the use of recordings, Reich uses industrial methods to produce music, which is a characteristic of Minimalist art. Even train sounds are different. For example, American train gives long, perfect intervals, whereas European train gives short shrieks. From this difference, Reich gives different ideas behind each train sound through simple arrangements, which is a characteristic of Minimalist art.