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Social Determinant and Migrant/Refugees Health

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Social Determinant and Migrant/Refugees Health

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Income and Social Protection: Refugees in Pakistan face considerable obstacles as a result of income inequality, further increasing their vulnerability. Many people arrive in Australia with little money, which can lead to subpar housing conditions and insufficient access to healthcare. .

Education: For refugees in Pakistan, obtaining a high-quality education can be difficult, especially in congested and underequipped refugee camps. Their ability to access and understand healthcare information and services after being resettled in Australia is hampered by this educational deficit.

Food Insecurity: Refugees who are struggling financially usually experience food insecurity, which compromises their ability to consume proper nutrition and their general health. In order to give necessary nourishment and assistance, food security programs and community activities are necessary.

Infectious Disease: Hepatitis and tuberculosis are common infectious diseases in Pakistan. Programs for screening and immunization are necessary to stop the spread of these diseases among refugees.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/refugee-and-migrant-health

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9207098/#:~:text=Public%20health%20remains%20a%20major,cause%20of%20morbidity%20and%20mortality.

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Islamic hygiene practices place a high value on cleanliness. Prior to prayer, ritual ablutions (wudu) are carried out to encourage personal hygiene. This routine reinforces the value of cleanliness in preserving health and extends to daily living. Pakistanis frequently employ conventional herbal treatments. Food choices are governed by Islamic dietary standards (halal and haram). While haram meals are prohibited, halal foods are regarded as pure and acceptable. Pakistani culture places a high priority on strong family and community ties. These social networks give users emotional support and a sense of community, which supports mental health.

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At the end of June 2021, 95980 Pakistani born people were living in Australia. Refugees from Pakistan carry their cultural customs and personal health beliefs with them when they relocate to Australia. Healthcare professionals must be able to appreciate the various cultural origins and religious convictions of Pakistani migrants. For care to be effective, rapport and trust must be established. One of the biggest obstacles to receiving medical care is language. It is crucial to offer interpreters and translated materials. Many refugees have gone through trauma. It is essential for refugees' general health to assist them in incorporating a healthy Australian diet while yet honoring their cultural food preferences.

https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-statistics/statistics/country-profiles/profiles/pakistan

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6637597/

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The rich variety of foods in Pakistani cuisine includes biryani, kebabs, nihari, haleem and gulab jamun. These varied tastes, which draw inspiration from nearby regions and the Mughal era, highlight the country's cultural diversity. Pakistan's food culture, which is centered on meat and is seasoned with a variety of aromatic spices, is a vibrant expression of its history, geography, and cultural diversity.

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Plants and people interaction in the Karakorum Mountains

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The endemic medicinal plant species and traditional knowledge of Balti community living in extremely high mountains area of Pakistan were explored for the first time.  Social livelihood is  reinforced through establishing collection sites, transformation and drying centres for micro and macro marketing of medicinal plant species.

https://ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13002-017-0172-9

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Pakistan confronts a number of healthcare difficulties despite its extensive cultural past. Especially in rural locations, access to high-quality healthcare can be difficult. Many Pakistanis rely on public healthcare systems, which may not have enough funding. Pakistan struggles with contagious illnesses like polio, dengue fever, and hepatitis. Campaigns for vaccination are essential for addressing these health issues. Some regions still have high rates of maternal and infant mortality, which is partially attributable to the lack of access to healthcare facilities and the general ignorance of maternal and child health. Despite increased knowledge, mental health conditions are frequently stigmatized in Pakistan. In order to solve this issue, encouraging open communication and mental health education is essential.

https://www.cureus.com/articles/168957-pakistans-healthcare-system-a-review-of-major-challenges-and-the-first-comprehensive-universal-health-coverage-initiative#!/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332330/

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Let's now explore the dynamic facets of Pakistani culture that have an impact on health and wellbeing.

Traditional Pakistani dance styles like the Bhangra and Kathak are a source of happiness and physical health while also celebrating life. The richness and diversity of the culture are reflected in the elaborate designs and vivid colors of Pakistani art. The use of art therapy can improve mental health. The official language of Pakistan is Urdu. For communicating and maintaining one's cultural identity, one's native language must be preserved. In Pakistan, cricket is a national passion. Sports promote both physical fitness and companionship. The spices and ingredients used in Pakistani cooking have a delicious mix. Traditional foods like kebabs and biryani are not only tasty but also nutrient-dense. Islam is a major force in Pakistani culture, impacting every aspect of daily life, including eating preferences and personal cleanliness routines.

https://pakistanzest.com/culture-zest/things-to-know-about-pakistani-culture/

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Principle Health Issues for Pakistani Refugees

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Principle Health Issues for Pakistani Refugees

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Malnutrition: Due to the limited availability of nourishing food in refugee camps, Pakistani refugees may arrive in Australia undernourished. Programs for nutritional rehabilitation are crucial to solving this problem.

Psychological Trauma: A lot of Pakistani refugees have gone through difficult times. It is crucial to give people access to culturally aware mental health treatments including counseling and support groups.

Hepatitis and tuberculosis:  These two are common infectious diseases in Pakistan. Programs for screening and immunization are necessary to stop the spread of these diseases among refugees.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839314/

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My nursing practice has been transformed by incorporating Domain 7 of the framework for "Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice." It forces me to set out on a path of cultural sensitivity while honoring the various values and beliefs of my patients. I create an environment where patients feel comfortable sharing their individual narratives through active listening and sincere participation. This method not only creates greater trust but also a closer bond, which enables me to customize care plans that take into account their cultural viewpoints. I work to provide healthcare that goes beyond simple therapy, embracing each person's complete well-being and making sure they get the respect and dignity they deserve by placing a priority on cultural awareness and expertise.
https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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A harmonious balance between one's bodily, mental, and spiritual well-being is what I consider to be healthy. It includes both the absence of disease and the capacity to live a satisfying life that is based on Islamic teachings that place a strong emphasis on cleanliness, self-care, and mindfulness.