# data[].attributes.body
McCulloch V. Maryland was a pivotal case to the increase of power for the federal government. It addressed two questions: can Congress establish a national bank, and can the state tax said bank? The court decided, in a unanimous decision, that yes, congress can establish a national bank, and that Maryland could not tax a federally owned bank. Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/mcculloch-v-maryland

# data[].attributes.body
Dred Scott V. Sandford was an immensely pivotal case, that played heavily into the role of slavery. The simple question was, is Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, free or still a slave in Illinois? The US Supreme Court, in a 7-2 vote, decided that any and all slaves and descendants of slaves did not hold equal rights to a US Citizen, and were therefore property to those who owned them, like for example a car. Source: https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/dred-scott-case

# data[].attributes.body
Plessy V. Ferguson was a pivotal court case that, when decided in 1896, helped spread segregation across the nation. The petitioner was Homer Adolph Plessy, and the respondent was John Ferguson. In a 7-1 ruling the US Supreme Court decided that separate but equal facilities were not illegal, and did not in itself constitute unlawful discrimination. Source: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/plessy-v-ferguson

# data[].attributes.body
Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, shortened to Brown V. Board was a pivotal court case in American history that began the long fight for civil rights. The appellants were Oliver Brown, Mrs. Richard Lawton, Mrs. Sadie Emmanuel, and others. The appellee was the Board of Education of Topeka. The unanimous decision of the US Supreme Court overturned Plessy V. Ferggeson's 'separate but equal' doctrine, and also held any and all segregation laws to be in violation of the nation's 14th Amendment. Source: https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment

# data[].attributes.body
Miranda V. Arizona was a pivotal court case that helped rights of suspects in legal cases and investigations, and was decided in 1966 with Ernesto Miranda as petitioner and the State of Arizona as respondent. Miranda had been arrested in his home and taken to be interrogated without being informed of his 5th Amendment Rights. The Supreme Court decided in their 5-4 ruling that the 5th and 6th Amendments require police forces to inform suspects of their rights, such as the right to remain silent, and that anything said can and will be used in a court of law against them. Source:
https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-miranda-v-arizona