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Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. It consists of an outer ring of vertical standing stones, each around 4 meters high, 2.1 meters wide, and weighing around 25 tons, topped by connecting horizontal stones. Inside is a ring of smaller bluestones. The whole monument, now ruinous, is aligned towards the sunrise on the summer and winter solstice.

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Wiltshire is a historic and ceremonial county in South West England. Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland (chalk hills) and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is the best known area of downland and is the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles (which together are a UNESCO Cultural and World Heritage site).

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Stonehenge was constructed from around 3000 BC to 2000 BC. Radiocarbon dating was used to suggest this. This means Stonehenge was constructed in the period of human history we call prehistory. More specifically in the Bronze Age.

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Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools millions of years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places.

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The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization.

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The true purpose of Stonehenge is still a mystery to us. It has no obvious practical purpose. The layout of Stonehenge is positioned in relation to the solstices, or the extreme limits of the sun’s movement. However, there is very little evidence as to what ceremonies might have taken place here. We can imagine that people gathered at the monument to celebrate the midsummer and the midwinter, although only a few people would have been able to directly observe the important alignment. The people who built Stonehenge were farmers and herders and so the changing seasons would have been of significance. Maybe it had more of a spiritual significance. The dates of the solstices may have been important times of year to remember the dead, as we know that they buried about 150 of their cremated dead at the monument. Or maybe they built the monument to worship a solar deity?

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A couple of questions:

1. Where is the Stonehenge monument located?

2. When does the prehistory era end?