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This workshop helped me to better organise my thoughts on my research clearly. I think at this stage we do need some more professional way to organise and clarify my thoughts. This is a great inspiration for my future research and I need to seriously consider how to conduct my research in a more organised and critical way.

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During the group discussion, I received some comments and suggestions. They were curious about the lifestyle and appearance of urban villages. I realized that too visual language would be incomprehensible to people who are not clear-minded, so I decided to add it to the video. More realistic shooting materials

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Walmarting or Walmartization is a neologism referring to U.S. discount department store Walmart with three meanings. The first use is similar to the concept of globalization and is used pejoratively by critics[1] and neutrally by businesses seeking to emulate Walmart’s success.[2] The second, pejorative, use refers to the homogenization of the retail sector because of those practices.[3] The third, neutral, use refers to the act of actually shopping at Walmart.[4]

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progression workshop

I

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I researched related information about traditional nomadism and neo-nomadism, but because the word nomadism is more of a metaphor, I did not research as deeply as in the previous books.

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Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and trader nomads.[1][2] In the twentieth century, the population of nomadic pastoral tribes slowly decreased, reaching an estimated 30–40 million nomads in the world as of 1995.[3]

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I experimented with different software and filming techniques to capture a variety of shots. At the same time, I reprocessed the photos I took in the urban village, collaging them together to create new visuals.

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McDonaldization is the process of a society adopting the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. The McWord concept was proposed by sociologist George Ritzer in his 1993 book The McDonaldization of Society. McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of rationalization and scientific management. Where Max Weber used the model of the bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, Ritzer sees the fast-food restaurant as a more representative contemporary paradigm.

Ritzer highlighted four primary components of McDonaldization:

Efficiency - the optimal method for accomplishing a task. In this context, Ritzer has a very specific meaning of "efficiency". In the example of McDonald's customers, it is the fastest way to get from being hungry to being full. Efficiency in McDonaldization means that every aspect of the organization is geared toward the minimization of time.

Calculability - objective should be quantifiable (e.g., sales) rather than subjective (e.g. taste). McDonaldization developed the notion that quantity equals quality, and that a large amount of product delivered to the customer in a short amount of time is the same as a high quality product. This allows people to quantify how much they are getting versus how much they are paying. Organizations want consumers to believe that they are getting a large amount of product for not a lot of money. Workers in these organizations are judged by how fast they are instead of the quality of work they do.

Predictability - standardized and uniform services. "Predictability" means that no matter where a person goes, they will receive the same service and receive the same product every time when interacting with the McDonaldized organization. This also applies to the workers in those organizations. Their tasks are highly repetitive, highly routine, and predictable.

Control - standardized and uniform employees, replacement of human by non-human technologies

With these four principles of the fast food industry, a strategy which is rational within a narrow scope can lead to outcomes that are harmful or irrational. As these processes spread to other parts of society, modern society's new social and cultural characteristics are created. For example, as McDonald's enters a country and consumer patterns are unified, cultural hybridization occurs.

Organizations have been making an effort to deny the rationalization of McDonaldization. Efforts are related to focusing on quality instead of quantity, enjoying the unpredictability of service and product and employing more skilled workers without any outside control. Protests have also been rising in nation-states in order to slow down the process of McDonaldization and to protect their localization and traditional value.

Some local case studies show how adjusting the rational model of McDonald's to suit local cultural preferences results in a diminution of the original McDonald's product. The more the company adjusts to local conditions, the more appeal the scientific calculations of the specifically American product may be lost. This can be used to justify McDonald's uniform approach. The ubiquity of McDonald's and the uniformity of its practices is a contributing factor to globalization.

Junk food news, defined here as inoffensive and trivial news served up in palatable portions, is an example of McDonaldization. Another example could be McUniversities, which features modularized curricula, delivering degrees in a fast-track pick-and-mix fashion to satisfy all tastes. The diminished quality of these products can only be disguised by extensive advertising which constantly repackages them to look new.

In penology, there has been a shift from punishments and treatment tailored to individual offenders, to attempting to control classes of offenders who are considered to be at high risk of recidivism through standardized penalties, such as those specified by three-strikes laws or sentencing guidelines. Offenders are classified by security level and sent to facilities deemed capable of adequately incapacitating prisoners in their risk category. Technology such as electronic surveillance, electronic monitoring, urinalysis, and computer-based offender tracking systems are often used in place of humans in the penal system.

The response from McDonald's, expressed by its representatives in the United Kingdom, is that Ritzer, like other commentators, uses the company's size and brand recognition to promote ideas that do not necessarily relate to the company's business practices.

It has been argued by a westerner that an example of the phenomenon of McDonaldization can be seen in education, where there is seen to be increasing similarity between that of Western classrooms and the rest of the world. Slater argues that the class size, layout and pedagogy in Peru closely resemble that of America, with clear examples of Western culture focused on efficiency of transfer of knowledge in other parts of the world. Furthermore, Slater goes on to demonstrate that the McDonaldization of education could have many negative side effects; particularly that it does not promote inquiry or creativity. Therefore, schools will become less effective at educating children as they will fail to develop critical and creative thinkers.

According to Wong, the influence of McDonaldization has also affected Higher Education classrooms.

Efficiency - Computer graded exams limit the amount of time necessary for instructors to grade their students.

Calculability - Letter Grades and Grade Point Averages are used and calculated to measure a student's success over the course of their academic career.

Predictability - Course availability and requirements have become more standardized amongst universities, making it easier to find similar courses and content at different locations.

Control - Courses are structured very specifically and must meet certain requirements and follow certain guidelines. Courses begin and end at the same time on the same predetermined days and last for a specific number of weeks.

A study by Carroll (2013) describes how e-learning has become one of the biggest phenomena of educational literature in recent years. Although the potential promise of e-learning is often expected within the process of learning, much of the emphasis is in fact on the electronic issues to facilitate learning, with little regard for its consequences on the learning process. Consequently, this often erodes the human factor in learning - making the learning process a more isolated experience. This article suggests that academics should become more cautious with their acceptance of facilitating learning through e-learning platforms without fully understanding the impact on students learning experiences. It also explores the changing role of students in discovering, questioning, and seeking knowledge into that of 'consumers of pre-packed education.

The McDonaldization of Education is not only limited to physical classroom settings. It is predicted by George Ritzer that MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) will make future education even more McDonaldized. While it is possible to create a new original MOOC every semester, it is more likely a basic structure will be created and subsequently altered each time in order to make their creation more efficient. Over time as the interest and quality of MOOCs increases, the same pre recorded MOOCs may be used by many different universities, creating predictable content for MOOC students. Computer graded exams will be used more frequently than written essay exams to make it more efficient for the instructors. Yet since MOOCs limit the amount of contact between student and teacher, it will be difficult to engage the course on a deeper and more meaningful level.

McDonaldization: The Reader by George Ritzer (ISBN 0-7619-8767-3)

The McDonaldization Thesis: Explorations and Extensions by George Ritzer (ISBN 0-7619-5540-2)

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McDonaldization is the process of a society adopting the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant. The McWord concept was proposed by sociologist George Ritzer in his 1993 book The McDonaldization of Society . McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of rationalization and scientific management.

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At the beginning, my topic was urbanization, but I felt that this topic was too big and complicated, and there were many things to talk about, so I thought I would seize one of the phenomena and study it in depth. I thought that there is an urban area near my home. Nakamura, this is an area that I grew up with, so I decided to use this as a research direction.

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Urban villages (Chinese: 城中村; pinyin: chéngzhōngcūn; literally: “village in city”) are villages that appear on both the outskirts and the downtown segments of major Chinese cities, including Shenzhen and Guangzhou. They are surrounded by skyscrapers, transportation infrastructures, and other modern urban constructions. Urban villages are a unique phenomenon that formed part of China’s urbanization efforts.

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I selected some elements from the photos I took and made a digital collage. I wanted to use the street vendors as the main subject, so I made the people around me in pixelated black and white style.

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There is a huge urban village near my home. My parents never let me explore it alone. It is like an intricate maze to me. Looking through the gaps, I can see many flashing signs and various pipes. , air conditioner outdoor unit, I often wonder what treasures there are inside. I often see various food stalls on my way to school, and I understand that most of them are similar to derivatives of urban villages. I can see these The stalls were pushed out of the alleys, which deepened my fascination with urban villages.

Some of my classmates actually lived in it during my childhood. The life they described to me was something I had never imagined. I realized that urban villages were not only simply interesting, but also full of safety hazards and dangers. They told me Complaining about the inconvenience caused by the narrow building intervals and lack of convenient facilities (such as elevators),

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https://www.1854.photography/2018/02/crestani-gurgaon/

This photographic work gave me a lot of inspiration. The artist inserted characters and non-existent scenery into the desolate reality to form a strong contrast. It reminded me that the contrast between urban villages and surrounding modern cities is also very strong. I may not Posed in reality but I can do it in collage form

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Since I couldn't conduct the interview on site, I posted a post on the Internet asking about feelings about urban villages.

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Basic meaning

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A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty. The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are primarily inhabited by impoverished people.[1] Although slums are usually located in urban areas, in some countries they can be located in suburban areas where housing quality is low and living conditions are poor.[2] While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, law enforcement, and other basic services. Slum residences vary from shanty houses to professionally built dwellings which, because of poor-quality construction or lack of basic maintenance, have deteriorated.[3]

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In urban planning and design, an urban village is an urban development typically characterized by medium-density housing, mixed use zoning, good public transit and an emphasis on pedestrianization and public space.[1] Contemporary urban village ideas are closely related to New Urbanism and smart growth ideas initiated in the United States.[2]

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Arrival City: How the Largest Migration in History Is Reshaping Our World by Doug Saunders | Book review

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Instead of fearing overcrowded cities, we should embrace their diversity. By Fred Pearce

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I read this book, which discusses the reasons behind the formation of urban villages, their history, and the problems they have caused.

The core idea of the book was very insightful for me: *IT IS A PLACE WITH THE MOST

IMPORTANT OVER-FUNCTIONAL

FUNCTIONS IN SOCIETY AND BUILDS AN UPWARD CHANNEL FOR FARMERS TO ENTER THE CITY, FROM THE BOTTOM TO THE MIDDLE CLASS, CONSTANTLY CULTIVATING "NEW URBAN GROUPS.* Urban villages are not entirely negative.

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深圳市城市更新新政策与旧改现状分析_法律法规_专业研究_深圳市国策房地产土地资产评估有限公司

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深圳总体规划的城市建设用地900平方公里左右，目前建成区已超过了深圳总体规划的建设用地指标，在土地资源日趋紧张的深圳，城市更新已成为挖掘城市潜力、提升城市层次的重要途径。一、深圳城市更新现状城市更新推动深…

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I was once obsessed with these air conditioner units and pipes exposed outside the walls. Their structures were complex and shimmering with metallic light. They did not follow some architectural rules and were full of dangerous and complicated feelings.

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I tried making some figures of sheep and nomads out of clay and photographed them

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Simply take continuous shots of stars to achieve deformation effects

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Try to create a scene of sheep fleeing in panic

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I wanted to try to make urbanization as something huge，so I made this monster from readily available materials and collaged it with patterns made by procreate.

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The difference from slums is that many residents in urban villages are more like nomadic in nature.

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Forms of modern life may differ in quite a few respects—but what unites them is their fragility, temporariness, vulnerability and inclination to constant change.”

——Zygmunt Bauman, Liquid Modernity, p.2

In liquid modernity, identity is no longer fixed, but a “projection” that is never completed. Modern individuals are constantly under pressure to reinvent themselves, their identities are forced to adapt to changing circumstances, and they no longer have a stable sense of belonging.

In liquid modernity, long-term planning has become increasingly difficult, with stability and security enjoyed by only a select few. The gig economy, short-term contracts and automation have replaced traditional lifelong careers, leaving most people trapped in precarious labor relations.

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As a highly mobile and flexible sales method, food stalls are very consistent with the mobility mentioned in New Nomadism. They appear in every corner of the city for grazing. I considered adding this element to the video editing.

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路边摊 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

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此条目介绍的是有上盖、位置固定但可以随时拆卸、移动的摊贩。关于香港著名的漫画家，请见“路边摊 (作家)”。

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I use the fast flashing of characters and dynamic videos of the background to try to create a fast, lively and humane life.

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I tried to add layers to the dynamic crowd video to show the narrow alleys, and added flashing air conditioner elements to match the sound, but the effect was not ideal so I gave up.

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I tried to create a fast chaotic effect to try to convey that people are trapped in the maze of life.

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I interviewed a friend who once lived in a urban village about why she came to live there and why she left. She told me that Shenzhen is a city full of opportunities, which is why it attracts a large number of people.

However, due to policy changes, the urban village was being demolished, and she could not afford the high rents elsewhere. As a result, she decided to return to her hometown to pursue development.

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I re-wrote a flow chart to help me clarify my thoughts. I compressed the beginning and end of time, deleted useless fragments, and transformed the simple description of the process of urban village renovation into entering an urban village that is being demolished. and a process to increase the audience experience

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I edited the pattern, and what was very interesting was that it created a kaleidoscope-like effect, more like a maze, so I chose this method, and after several choices I chose the square-sized one, which reflected a kind of feeling of cramped

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About music

At first I used a calm classical music as a contrast to the climax, but then I abandoned this part and decided to use natural sounds to maintain consistency, but for contrast I used a more monotonous wind sound. The other sounds are used as the beginning and ending sounds, and I used more human voices in the urban village part.

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In the group tutorial I received some suggestions for my second film:

1. The duration of each part is too short (I often overlook this because I watch my own videos over and over again)

2 The core content is not prominent enough (I decided to delete some less useful clips to make the film more focused on the central issue)

3. The video is too visual, making it difficult to feel the specific time process (I decided to use more display materials and integrate them with visual effects)

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Try to create the feeling of city lights

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During the interview, my classmates told many people's stories, and I began to think about it. The overlapping distance makes urban villages become a small society, or a big family, which makes people more familiar and close, and this is the human touch that modern cities lack. This made me consider shifting the focus of the work from the changes in architectural space during the reconstruction of urban villages to the emotional changes people feel about the reconstruction.

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I selected some parts of the photos I took and drew them into small grids, and made them flash and shift. I tried to use this method to express a quick shot of city lights.

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Since I have never lived in an urban village, decided to research by adopting a similar lifestyle. In urban villages, many people make a living by street stalls, so I participated in a second-hand market to experience this mobile and flexible way of selling. This experience also helped me solidify the main tone of my film: BUSY, FAST-PACED, AND FLEETING.

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Differences Between Urban Villages and Slums

Urban villages and slums are two different concepts. While they may appear similar in some cases, they have distinct origins, development processes, and social contexts.

1. Definitions

Urban Village: An urban village refers to areas that were originally rural but have been gradually incorporated into the urban area due to urbanization. These areas often retain their rural characteristics even though they are surrounded by the city. The formation of urban villages is often linked to land policies, where rural land remains collectively owned, and these areas lack the same level of infrastructure and management as the rest of the urban areas.

Slum: A slum refers to a low-income, overcrowded urban area characterized by poor living conditions. Slums usually arise in cities due to factors like rapid urbanization, lack of affordable housing, and migration of impoverished populations. They are often located on the periphery of cities or in neglected areas, with insufficient infrastructure and public services, leading to poor sanitation and high crime rates.

2. Historical Background and Formation Causes

Urban Village: Urban villages form primarily due to urban expansion and land policies. In countries like China, as cities grow, many rural areas are absorbed into urban boundaries. However, due to issues related to land ownership and usage rights, these areas often lag behind the city center in terms of development, resulting in areas that still resemble rural villages despite being surrounded by urban infrastructure.

Slum: Slums typically form when large numbers of poor people, unable to afford housing in the regular market, are forced to live in informal settlements. These settlements are often formed on marginal land or in areas lacking government planning

3. Resident Composition and Living Conditions

Urban Village: The residents of urban villages are often a mix of original rural inhabitants, migrant workers, and low-income city dwellers.

Slum: Slum residents are usually from the lowest socio-economic class, often living in extremely poor conditions with limited access to basic services like water, sanitation, and electricity. These areas are typically home to unemployed individuals, migrants.

4. Infrastructure and Public Services

Urban Village: The infrastructure in urban villages is often underdeveloped, with issues like narrow roads, unreliable utilities, and poor waste management.these areas are within or near urban areas, some infrastructure such as public transportation may be better than in slums.

Slum: Slums usually suffer from extreme shortages of basic infrastructure and public services. They lack reliable water, electricity, sewage systems, and waste management. The living conditions are often unsanitary, and the environment is polluted.

5. Cultural and Social Environment

Urban Village: Urban villages often retain traditional rural cultural elements. Residents may continue to follow rural customs, celebrations, and community values. While they are part of the urban fabric, these areas still have a "village" atmosphere, with close-knit relationships among neighbors and a more community-based lifestyle.

Slum: Slums often have a complex social environment marked by poverty, crime, and a lack of formal social structures. Social connections within slums are often weak, and residents face many social issues such as violence, drug abuse, and social unrest.

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村/城重生：城市共生下的深圳南头实践 | URBANUS 都市实践

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村/城重生：城市共生下的深圳南头实践
Village/City: Coexistence and Regeneration in Nantou, Shenzhen

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Shenzhen Nantou Ancient Town is an art project carried out near my home. Compared with the ordinary reconstruction of a village in the city, it has become more of a related art space. It does not directly destroy the old house but renovates it on the basis. Therefore, in the construction Traces of history can still be found, and now it has become a free comprehensive space such as independent brands, residential buildings, museums, natural squares and other gathering points.

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Kowloon Walled City was an extremely densely populated and largely ungoverned enclave of China within the boundaries of Kowloon City, British Hong Kong.

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The land after the demolition of Kowloon Walled City was converted into Kowloon Walled City Park, aiming to preserve the historical relics of Kowloon Walled City while providing a park space for citizens to relax. Some original walls and building structures are retained in the park to commemorate this event. A historical and cultural site. The renovation of this project is not only the reconstruction of physical space, but also involves the reconstruction of social history and cultural memory.

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I compared these experiments, and I thought they were all very interesting visual languages, so I kept them

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In the safety garden workshop, I drew the garden in my mind, where the light is soft and dim, there are soft chairs everywhere where you can lie down and sit, and there are many decorations to separate them for people who come here. Lots of private space, everyone is welcome if they want to come to this place

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writing on some photo looks interesting compare with typing ，Ithink I may try on this way in my film