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Ashley Murguia

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Ashley Murguia

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Angela Deng

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Ashley Murguia

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Angela Deng

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Angela Deng

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In 661 AD, Ali, the last Caliphs died causing a family, the Umayyads to gain power.

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The title of caliph was passed from father to son each generation of the Umayyads.

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The Umayyads grew into a rival called the Abbasid, Who were descendants of Muhammads uncle took control of the Empire.

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The moved the capital of the Muslim Empire to Damascus in Syria. It made it easier to control the conquered lands. Many Muslims however felt that the new capital was moved too far from Islam's heartland near Medina.

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The Abbasids ruled during a prosperous golden age in Muslim history, But were isolated from the people.

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The group that followed the Umayyads, the Sunnis accepted any Muslim to be the caliph However on the other hand, the group that disagrees with the Sunni are called the Shi'ite. They only believed that the members of Muhammad's family should be the caliph.

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A group called the Selijuk Turks converted to Islam they came to control the the government of the Muslim Empire. In 1258 a group from central Asia stormed Baghdad and killed the last Abbasids caliph.

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The Islam spreaded into new areas as they expanded the Muslim empire. Bureaucracy was created to govern their growing territory. The empire was divided into provinces connected to provinces, and with a strong army. Many Muslims believe the Ummayads are doing too much to gain wealth and power.

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Muslims first conquered Spain in 711, and much of the religion came under Umayyad control by 750.

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The al-Andalus in decline, a new Muslim rose to power in the east. They were known as the Ottomans, Turkish Muslims. Their leader, Osman, and warriors captured many of the Bryzantine cities. However, the Ottomans ended the Bryzantine empire in 1453. Constantinople was renamed Istanbul and became the Ottomans capital.

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Ottoman rulers were called the sultans, and the greatest was Suleyman I. Sulleyman led a powerful navy and a large army. His interest was not only military conquest but he was a celebrated poet, a talented goldsmith, and a generous patron of arts. Sulleyman's rule inspired many cultures. He built mosques and palaces.

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His strong leadership preserved Umayyad power,And all of Muslim Spain was united under his rule by 933.

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The Ottoman empire lasted into the early 1900s. Jews and Christians liked religious and cultural freedom. In the Ottoman empire, they played important roles. Special slaves were relied on to staff the government and army. Slaves made janissaries in the Ottoman army. Women in the Ottoman empire led restricted lives than men. Women in the lower class had more access to public areas then upper class women. However, upper class women were influence to elite culture and royal policies. They used their wealth to encourage the arts, architecture, and charitable causes.

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Muslims lived together under a government that practiced religious tolerance, or sympathy for the beliefs and practices of others.

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Muslim rulers of al-Andalus faced many challenge. After the death of Abd al Rahman lll in 961, civil war erupted.

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The Mughal Empire was wedged between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman empire. Mughals were nomads who invaded Central Asia and conquered north and Central India.

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The Safavid a shi'ite dynasty, became rivals of the sunni Ottomans. They went onto fight a long war that lasted more than 100 years. The Safavid Empire arose when a leader named Ismail united the Persian kingdoms into an independent state.

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The Safavids used their wealth to build fabulous palaces and mosques and schools, hospitals, etc. They made their new capital of Esfahan into one of the most magnificent cities in the world.

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Akbar, the leader of Mughal, was crowned king at age 13 and gave Muslims a blazing golden age. He established a loyal governing class and a modern government. Different religions flourished in the empire. Akbar tried ending the conflicts between Muslims and Hindus by creating a new religion involving both traditions. He was cultured, learned, had a library mixed with books that involved English, Greek, Persian, Hindi, and Arabic.

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Akbar's grandson, Shah Jahan, reigned from 1628 to 1658. Its dazzling splendor and wealth helped the empire gain fame. Shah Jahan liked to collect jewels and magnificent Indian art in Europe. In the memory of his beloved wife, he commissioned a famous building, the Taj Mahal, in India.

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The last Mughal ruler was sent into exile after the Mughal started to lose power when the Hindus and European countries sought to gain control of India.

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The Safavid's also made Persia into a cultural center by encouraging the immigration of Shi'ite scholars and attracting craftspeople, artists, ect, and traders of many nationalities.

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The Safavid's actively pread Shi'ite Islam. They established it as the dominant Islamic faith in the caucasus and in western Asia. The Safavid Empire reached its peak between 1588 and 1629, during the reign of Shah Abbas l.