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Animation Before Film Era

In the early 1600s. There's a tool that is device known as a “magic lantern” was created. This contraption, made up of a metal body which housed a reflector, lenses, and a lamp, was the forefather of a modern day still-image projector and used bulky, hand-painted or photographic glass slides.

"Thaumatrope" (1834)

The invention of the "Thaumatrope" is credited to the astronomer Sir John Hershel; however, a well-known London physicist, Dr. John Ayrton Paris, was the one responsible for the popularity of this toy. A thaumatrope is a small disc held at the ends with string with an image drawn on each side. The images are drawn in such a way that, when the disc is spun, the two images appear to become superimposed.

"Phenakistoscope" (1832)

After the success of the thaumatrope, Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau introduced the "Phenakistoscope" in 1832. The phenakistoscope utilized the same persistence of motion principle as the thaumatrope while using a more complex design. The phenakistoscope was comprised of two discs one disc had slots around the edge, and the other contained drawings of progressive motion.

"Zoetrope" (1834)

With the success of Plateau’s phenakistoscope, in 1834, William George Horner proposed "Zoetrope" an updated version of the device, which eliminated the need for a mirror and allowed more than one person to view it at the same time.[12] Horner’s new design was forgotten for nearly thirty years until 1867, when it became patented in England by M. Bradley, and in America by William F. Lincoln under the name of zoetrope. Operating on the same principle as the phenakistoscope, the zoetrope was a cylindrical spinning device with several frames of animation printed on the inside of the interior.

"Kineograph" (1882)

The "Kineograph", more commonly known nowadays as the flip book, was first patented in 1882 by Henry Van Hovenbergh. It was a book with particularly springy pages that had an animated sequence of frames printed near the unbound edge. By bending the pages back and then rapidly flipping through them one at a time, an illusion of motion could be obtained.

"Praxinoscope" (1877)

The successor to the zoetrope, the "Praxinoscope" was the result of work carried out by Frenchman Emile Reynaud. An adaptation of Horner’s zoetrope, which, at the time, had become extremely popular, it used a similar cylindrical design that revolved. Images were viewed in a prism of mirrors which were located in the center of the drum.

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"Early Approaches"

As stated in the introduction, evidence of artistic interest in depicting figures in motion can be seen in as early as Paleolithic cave paintings. Animals in these paintings were often depicted with multiple sets of legs in superimposed positions.

"Devices and Inventions"

Numerous devices which successfully displayed animated images were introduced well before the advent of the motion picture. These devices were used to entertain, amaze and sometimes even frighten people. The majority of these devices didn't project their images and accordingly could only be viewed by a single person at any one time.

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Refers to the early period of cinema, from the late 1890s to the late 1920s, when films were made without synchronized sound or dialogue. Instead, actors conveyed the story through gestures, facial expressions, and title cards, while live music was often played during screenings. This era ended with the advent of "talkies," starting with The Jazz Singer in 1927, which introduced synchronized sound and revolutionized the film industry.

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1. "Humorous Faces" (1906)

First entirely animated film.

uses stop-motion photography

Using innovative techniques for the time, Blackton animated the faces by drawing them on a chalkboard and capturing the process on film, blending live-action and animation. The short is notable for its playful approach to animation and its influence on the development of future animated works

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2. "Gertie the dinosaur" (1994)

First cartoon to feature an appealing character.

Known for its expressive movements and personality, Gertie the Dinosaur played a significant role in the development of animation and remains a classic in film history.

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3. "Steamboat Willie" (1982)

First cartoon with a sound printed film.

First notable success for walt Disney studios.

It is famous for being one of the first synchronized sound cartoons, featuring the iconic character Mickey Mouse.

The film is notable for its innovative use of sound, as it synchronized music and sound effects with the animation, revolutionizing the industry.

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4. "Felix the cat" (1919)

Considered as the first animated movie star.

He became a cultural icon in the 1920s, starring in numerous silent films before transitioning to sound cartoons.

Felix's simple, expressive design and adventurous spirit helped him become one of the first animated stars, influencing many future characters in animation history.

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The Golden Age of American Animation (1930-1950)

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The Golden Age of American Animation (1930-1950)

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This period in the history of animation is the rise of animations accompanied with sound and dialogue.

This is different from the Silent Era as the silent era had no dialogue.

In 1930, Warner Brothers Cartoons made "Merrie Melodies" starring the popular cartoon character Bugs Bunny.

In 1937, Snow White was released. It is the first film to use traditional animation and had 1.5 million cels. It took 2 years to accomplish.

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The american television era is the era when TV became a major part of american culture. It was also the time of growth and changes in TV shows and how people used to watch them. From early black-and-white broadcasts to today's streaming services like Netflix and such.

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1. "THE FLINTSTONES" (1960)

It was the first animated series on prime-time television. The show was notable for its satirical take on modern american life, despite its ancient setting.

It was inspired by live-action sitcoms like "the honeymooners"

The Flintstones were made by Hanna-barbera.

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2. "YOGI BEAR" (1961)

Another creation of Hanna-barbera

His first appearance was shown in 1958, he was supposedly a supporting character on the show "The Huckleberry show" but became so popular that he got his own show in 1981.

Yogi bear is one of the most beloved and enduring cartoon character in American animation history.

Yogi had become so popular that he had appeared in comic strips, TV specials and several other movies, including "Hey there, It's Yogi Bear!"

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3. "101 DALMATION" (1961)

This was the full feature animated film Disney made using Xenography—Xenography just means copying an image and pasting it.

It marked a shift in animation techniques

It was the first Disney film to use xerography, a process that simplified the transfer of drawings to animation cells, reducing costs and speeding up production.

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4. "THE PINK PHINK" (1964)

It is also known as the pink panther.

Won an academic award for best short film.

The success of the original film led to the creation of The Pink Panther Show in 1969.

The character was so well-received that it became the star of its own animated series.

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CGI made its early debut in the 1970s, with films like "Westworld" (1973) introducing audiences to computer-generated visuals, however, the Golden Age of CGI started mainly in the 1980's until 2018.

The 1980s saw significant advancements in CGI technology. "Tron" (1982) was one of the first films to extensively use CGI, creating a digital world that was ahead of its time.

However, Toy Story (1995) was the first computer-animated feature film and the debut feature release from Pixar Animation Studios, released by Walt Disney Pictures, which was entirely CGI-Built.

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The first ever fully CGI film made by Disney.

The Walt Disney Animation Studios first ever fully CGI film was Chicken Little.

The process of making the film was not easy due to animators having to learn a new way to animate.

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This is a groundbreaking film that has pushed the boundaries of what is possible in the world of cinema -- not only in terms of box office success and creative storytelling but also in terms of technology.

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The 90s as well saw the skyrocket of CGI in movies. With hits such as Terminator 2: Judgement Day (1991), Jurassic Park (1993), and The Matrix (1991).

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This is the modern era of animation. This era begins in the year 2018, and has yet to end

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What is the difference between AR, VR, and 360 degree videos?

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What is the difference between AR, VR, and 360 degree videos?

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While all three have the same goal of being a more immersive experience, they have some key differences.

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VR - Stands for Virtual Reality. Puts the viewer in a fully computer-generated environment.

Example of VR:

Meta Quest 3 - A VR headset that helps people "immerse themselves in 3D spaces that go beyond the physical world"

(https://about.meta.com/technologies/meta-quest/)

DeoVR - This is a VR streaming platform where you can watch videos on a virtual reality headset. Most of these films take advantage of the immersive environment VR provides.

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AR Stands for Augmented Reality. this is a mix of VR and the real world. AR takes virtual assets and places them in a virtual recreation or, more typically, a live feed of the world.

Example of AR:

Apple Vision Pro - An AR device used to project widgets into the real world. "Apple Vision Pro seamlessly blends digital content with your physical space.So you can work, watch, relive memories, and connect in ways never before possible."

(https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro/)

"Encounter Dinosaurs app" - An app specifically made to test the abilities of AR. it shows fully CG dinosaurs in the real world.

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360 Degree Videos - Has the viewer explore an area, which was imported into a VR world via panoramic shots

Example of 360:

360 degree videos are almost identical to VR, the only difference being the environment. In 360 videos, they usually show a location in real life, allowing you to go to areas you might never have been able to go to

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is an ancient urban settlement in present-day Iran, dating back to around 3200 BC. While it predates typical discussions of motion representation, artifacts from the site, such as pottery and figurines, reflect a sophisticated understanding of life and activity. Some artifacts show scenes that suggest movement or interaction, providing insight into early human life and culture.

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created by Leonardo da Vinci in the late 15th century, represents the ideal human form based on Vitruvius’s writings about proportion. This drawing features a figure in two superimposed positions, showcasing both balance and potential for movement, symbolizing the harmony of art and science during the Renaissance. It reflects a deep understanding of human anatomy and the principles of motion, bridging ancient knowledge and Renaissance inquiry.

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Early ways of sharing motion (30,000 B.C - 1,500 AD)

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Early ways of sharing motion (30,000 B.C - 1,500 AD)

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dating back to around 30,000 BC, include cave paintings, like those in Lascaux, where artists depicted animals in dynamic poses to convey movement. These representations were fundamental in storytelling and understanding the environment.

Focuses on movement or motion

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5. "FRITZ THE CAT" (1972)

It was a groundbreaking and controversial animated film.

First animated adult (x-rated) featured film.

directed by Ralph Bakshi and based on the comic strips by Robert Crumb.