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Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act, and helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices.

Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Over the course of your life, if you experience mental health problems, your thinking, mood, and behavior could be affected.

Mental Health Conditions

Mental illnesses are disorders, ranging from mild to severe, that affect a person's thinking, mood, and/or behavior. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one-in-five adults live with a mental illness.

Many factors contribute to mental health conditions, including:

Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry

Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse

Family history of mental health problems

Some mental health topics include:

A Serious Mental Illness (SMI) is a mental illness that interferes with a person's life and ability to function. Despite common misperceptions, having an SMI is not a choice, a weakness, or a character flaw. It is not something that just "passes" or can be "snapped out of" with willpower.

View SAMHSA's Public Message about Serious Mental Illnesses.

Early Warning Signs & Symptoms

Not sure if you or someone you know is living with mental health problems? Experiencing one or more of the following feelings or behaviors can be an early warning sign of a problem:

Eating or sleeping too much or too little

Pulling away from people and usual activities

Having low or no energy

Feeling numb or like nothing matters

Having unexplained aches and pains

Feeling helpless or hopeless

Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual

Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, on edge, angry, upset, worried, or scared

Yelling or fighting with family and friends

Experiencing severe mood swings that cause problems in relationships

Having persistent thoughts and memories you can't get out of your head

Hearing voices or believing things that are not true

Thinking of harming yourself or others

Inability to perform daily tasks like taking care of your kids or getting to work or school

Do you think someone you know may have a mental health problem? Talking about mental health can be difficult. Learn about common mental health myths and facts and read about ways to help you get the conversation started.

Tips for Living Well with a Mental Health Condition

Having a mental health condition can make it a struggle to work, keep up with school, stick to a regular schedule, have healthy relationships, socialize, maintain hygiene, and more.

However, with early and consistent treatment-often a combination of medication and psychotherapy-it is possible to manage these conditions, overcome challenges, and lead a meaningful, productive life.

Today, there are new tools, evidence-based treatments, and social support systems that help people feel better and pursue their goals. Some of these tips, tools and strategies include:

Stick to a treatment plan. Even if you feel better, don't stop going to therapy or taking medication without a doctor's guidance. Work with a doctor to safely adjust doses or medication if needed to continue a treatment plan.

Keep your primary care physician updated. Primary care physicians are an important part of long-term management, even if you also see a psychiatrist.

Learn about the condition. Being educated can help you stick to your treatment plan. Education can also help your loved ones be more supportive and compassionate.

Practice good self-care. Control stress with activities such as meditation or tai-chi; eat healthy and exercise; and get enough sleep.

Reach out to family and friends. Maintaining relationships with others is important. In times of crisis or rough spells, reach out to them for support and help.

Develop coping skills. Establishing healthy coping skills can help people deal with stress easier.

Get enough sleep. Good sleep improves your brain performance, mood and overall health. Consistently poor sleep is associated with anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.

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Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act, and helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices.

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Understanding self-efficacy can help us better understand how it is incorporated into our daily lives. In this case, we will be diving into how ethnic self-efficacy affects mental health.

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Culture is precious—it is integral to the fabric of who we are. It provides us with what we treasure and value, how we relate to others, and how we perceive the world.

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Ending the Stigma of Mental Illness

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BE RESILIENT

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𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞 𝐀𝐛𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐡

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🤍👌 #wisewords #life #quotes #motivation  #foryou #explore #confidence #powerful #motivationalvideo #mindset

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@leanneabdallah
🤍👌 #wisewords #life #quotes #motivation #foryou #explore #confidence #powerful #motivationalvideo #mindset
♬ original sound - 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞 𝐀𝐛𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐡

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Investing in Adolescents’ Ethnic-Racial Identity Development with Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor, PD

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Minority children with a strong sense of ethnic-racial identity are more resilient to harms of discrimination, study finds 

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Racial Identity Improves Resilience to Discrimination

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Racial Identity Improves Resilience to Discrimination

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Promoting a positive sense of personal and community identity can help to end discrimination

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Minority children with a strong sense of ethnic-racial identity are more resilient to harms of discrimination, study finds - MinnPost

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This study is one of the first to look at how children under 10 perceive experiences of discrimination and how those perceptions affect their development over time.

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Ethnicity can play a significant role in a person's mental health and how they feel or think. A combination of cultural, social, and environmental factors influences this. 

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Ethnicity can play a significant role in a person's mental health and how they feel or think. A combination of cultural, social, and environmental factors influences this. 

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Cultural Influences on Mental Health | The Public Health Advocate

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How can a seemingly individual concern like mental health have larger public health implications? Part one of a two-part series.

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Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience

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Multiple racial identities as sources of psychological resilience

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Highlighting the experience of multiracial individuals and the psychological benefits of belonging to multiple racial

groups

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Building Resilience in Minority Populations

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Building Resilience in Minority Populations

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Cultural Influences on Mental Health: Explained  💕

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Life is full of challenges, but toughing it out isn't always the best way to deal with stress.

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The Milliman report finds, the average out-of-pocket cost for an hour-long psychotherapy session in 2021 was $174

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Roughly two-thirds of Americans with a diagnosed mental health condition were unable to access treatment in 2021, though they had health insurance. And only a third of insured people who visited an emergency department or hospital during a mental health crisis, received follow-up care within a month of being discharged.

These are among the findings of a new report by the actuary firm Milliman, released Wednesday. The mental health advocacy group, Inseparable, commissioned the report and also released an accompanying brief offering policy solutions to address the gaps in mental health care.

"We kept hearing nightmare stories about Americans not getting the treatment that they needed because insurance companies were denying them care," says Bill Smith, founder of Inseparable. "But we didn't have enough data to show just how extensive and deep the problem was."

The report is "illuminating" and timely, says Meiram Bendat, a psychotherapist and an attorney, who wasn't involved in writing it. "We're dealing with an issue that [is] on top of mind for nine out of ten people."

While the overall findings aren't surprising, "it is striking that the access impediments remain what they are," adds Bendat who founded PsychAppeal, a law firm focused on mental health insurance advocacy. Those barriers include a workforce shortage, poor reimbursement rates for providers, and "substandard enforcement" of consumer protections and laws requiring that insurance companies cover mental health conditions.

"The data confirm what so many families and our friends know, which is that mental health access is a problem," says psychologist Benjamin Miller, one of the authors of the accompanying policy solutions brief. "It's very clear that there are people who have identifiable conditions, who are not able to find providers to help them."

The Milliman report, which used a range of publicly available surveys as well as proprietary health insurance claims data, found that nearly a quarter of people with insurance - Medicaid, commercial insurance and Medicare - had at least one mental health diagnosis in 2021.

Many of those people don't get treatment. Among the roughly half of Americans who are covered with commercial insurance, only about 30% of those with a mental health or addiction diagnosis got connected to a behavioral health specialist.

People on Medicaid with such diagnoses were the most likely to see a mental health care provider, with about 44% getting care. Only about 15% of those on Medicare got care for their diagnoses.

That's an "astonishing gap" in mental health coverage, says Smith. "Across the board, the numbers aren't great."

The gap in mental health treatment, "won't close unless private insurance companies" take steps to increase access to mental health care, he says. "We have a long way to go."

The report also finds that over half of the U.S. population lives in areas designated as Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas, and that the country has less than a third of the psychiatrists needed to meet those provider shortages.

"We have not moved the needle on increasing availability of our workforce," says Miller. "I've been using the same data point for about ten years that half the country lives in a mental health provider shortage area. And it hasn't changed."

In their report, Miller and his colleagues offer concrete policy solutions to address the workforce shortage and coverage gaps in insurance plans, including expanding the use of telehealth and use of peer support specialists.

The authors also suggests providing "competitive reimbursement rates" for mental health care professionals

Another report by Milliman published in 2019 had found that mental health care providers are reimbursed at lower rates than physical health providers. "We've known for a long time that there is under-reimbursement of care," says Bendat.

Addressing that disparity in payment would help prevent health care worker burnout and ensure more mental health providers are in-network to care for the growing number of people in need.

The Inseparable solutions report also recommends that insurance companies be mandated to provide up-to-date accurate directories for in-network providers.

"The problem with these in-network directories is that when you begin to call around and you begin to ask people, 'Can you see me? Are you accepting new patients?' The answer to a lot of them is no, they're not accepting new patients," says Miller. "Some provider directories are old enough that you might even have people on there that are not practicing anymore."

But requiring health plans to cover out-of-network care is also crucial, say Miller and his colleagues.

"The insurance company should pay that cost to cover your care regardless of whether or not it's in their network or not," says Smith. "It's a huge problem when you have people that are making decisions about their health and the safety of their families and doing that from a place of scarcity."

As the Milliman report finds, the average out-of-pocket cost for an hour-long psychotherapy session in 2021 was $174, which is a huge barrier to access.

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Most Americans with mental health needs don't get treatment, report finds

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Many Americans are diagnosed with mental health conditions, but most don't get professional help, even if they're insured. Obstacles include difficulties finding providers their plan covers.

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Connect with peers who understand the daily struggles

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ShareWell | Mental Health Support | Peer Support

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Struggling with mental health? ShareWell provides online peer support, a proven mental health alternative for therapy. Get group support when you need it.

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Many psychiatric conditions have higher rates in different ethnic groups and cultures. Furthermore, understanding cultural variation is crucial if therapeutic encounters are to be engaging and fruitful 

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Many psychiatric conditions have higher rates in different ethnic groups and cultures. Furthermore, understanding cultural variation is crucial if therapeutic encounters are to be engaging and fruitful 

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Comprehensive Women's Mental Health , pp. 14 - 27

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107045132.003[Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2016

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"How significantly do you think cultural factors influence mental health perceptions and access to care?"

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Should we just tough it out, and keep on going... or should we make an innate effort to understand?

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The mask of resilience | Maya B. Galathe | TEDxScotlandville

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Talking about what resilience is actually helps us to improve our well being. Observing resilience can also have a positive impact

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Defining Racial and Ethnic Socialization (RES)

RES is the process through which children learn about race.

RES specifically includes the direct, explicit messages children receive about the existence of racism and the meaning of race, as well as related indirect or implicit messages. Especially for young children, parents and family members are the primary source of RES.

Sometimes, RES is intentional, such as a mom buying her daughter books with black main characters. Other times, RES is happenstance, such as a son observing his father looking disturbed when he is watching a news broadcast about an unarmed black boy being shot by police. Some parents may not realize that RES occurs whether they talk about race or not. Even choosing not to explicitly discuss race, race-related values or current events, communicates values and beliefs about race.

Parents may tailor the types or amounts of messages they give to their children based on their children's characteristics (such as gender, age, skin tone, sexual orientation, etc.) in order to better prepare them for experiences they anticipate for their child. For example, research has shown that black parents may give more messages warning about mistrust of other racial groups to their darker-skinned sons compared to both daughters and lighter-skinned sons, and this may be because darker-skinned boys are more likely to be viewed as criminals. Also, parents may give more messages about being proud to be black to their very young children, but may later give messages that warn of discrimination to their adolescents because such messages may be more relevant as adolescents develop the cognitive abilities to understand the meaning of racial discrimination, and as they gain independence and begin to have their own experiences of discrimination.

Youth Voices

Learn about what the RESilience Initiative is through a youth perspective.

Children will have a better understanding and appreciation for their own race, ethnicity and overall identity.

Why Is RES Important?

Parents of black children in the United States, like all parents, are faced with the responsibility of raising their children with culturally-appropriate values and principals that prepare them to one day take on adult roles in society. However, parents of black children, along with parents of other ethnically underrepresented youth, are also tasked with teaching their children how to navigate, and sometimes even survive, a society that may give messages that undermine parents' efforts. Parents often must counteract messages their youth receive from broader society including the media, and the judicial, educational and health systems, to name a few.

What the Research Says

Research shows that RES helps to reduce the effects of racial stress and improve coping related to racially charged experiences. RES helps to shape racial identity and self-concept. Positive racial identity contributes to resilience in several ways. A positive sense of self provides a buffer from racism and discrimination. A healthy sense of their racial and ethnic group membership can help prevent the internalization of negative stereotypes and perceptions. Internal beliefs and perspectives on race are related to psychological difficulties, including depression and anxiety. Maintaining positive beliefs and perspectives may help prevent such difficulties.

Negative Perspectives of People of Color

Black children and adolescents who come to understand that others may have negative perspectives of people of color, but who have these messages mediated by parents and other important adults are less likely to have negative outcomes and are more likely to be resilient despite adversity. They are also more likely to learn the skills to manage stressful experiences successfully in order to remain safe and to minimize the negative impact of such experiences.

It's Good to Communicate About Race

Some parents of children of color have concerns that talking with their children about race and ethnicity may cause their children to see themselves as victims or to be hypersensitive; however, research actually shows the opposite - youth who rarely receive messages about race and ethnicity have poorer psychological well-being. Additionally, research shows that children as young as 3-5 years old are aware of racial features. Thus, not talking about race may communicate that race is a taboo topic that should not be acknowledged. An expert on racial socialization, Howard Stevenson at University of Pennsylvania, said that "[Not giving messages about race] is fine until it's not." Said another way, youth who do not receive many messages about race may be fine until they encounter racial injustice; but they are unprepared for such experiences and may suffer harm and negative outcomes as a result.

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negative perspectives of people of color

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RES is the process through which children learn about race. RES specifically includes the direct, explicit messages children receive about the existence of racism and the meaning of race, as well as related indirect or implicit messages. Especially for young children, parents and family members are the primary source of RES.

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Resilience is Beauiful. Check this Out...

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Resilience is Beauiful. Check this Out...

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In the context of how ethnicity affects an individual’s psychology and self-efficacy, this quote shows the importance of belief systems and internal confidence, often shaped by cultural, social, and environmental factors.

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beleive you can and youre half way there

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Replying to @leparcouer Race, Ethnicity, and Self-Determination #teachersoftiktok #popculture #academia #phd #race #ethnic  @eslam.khader 

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@gacruz_phd
Replying to @leparcouer Race, Ethnicity, and Self-Determination #teachersoftiktok #popculture #academia #phd #race #ethnic @eslam.khader
♬ original sound - Dr. C

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How Racial Identity Shapes Academic & Personal Success with Adriana Umaña-Taylor | Faculty Insights

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Start doing something about climate change and our other sustainability challenges-starting in your own community.

Think Resilience features twenty-two short video lectures by Richard Heinberg, one of the world's foremost experts on the urgency of transitioning away from fossil fuels.

Register for Free

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Start doing something about climate change and our other sustainability challenges-starting in your own community. Think Resilience features twenty-two short video lectures by Richard Heinberg, one of the world's foremost experts on the urgency of transitioning away from fossil fuels. Register for Free

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Self esteem plays a huge role in our daily lives it is important because it influences us on how we communicate with other individuals.

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Self-esteem is a key factor in psychology. Our sense of self-worth influences how we view ourselves and our experiences.

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Learn about the negative impacts of poor self-esteem and the positive impacts of good self-esteem.

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After review, DO YOU feel like ethnic resilience effects an Individuals personal psyche??? 

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Self Efficacy and Family Involvement Amongst Ethnic Minority

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Self Efficacy and Family Involvement Amongst Ethnic Minority

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How Are Self-Efficacy and Family Involvement Associated With Less Sexual Risk Taking Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents? on JSTOR

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Kali S. Van Campen, Andrea J. Romero, How Are Self-Efficacy and Family Involvement Associated With Less Sexual Risk Taking Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents?, Family Relations, Vol. 61, No. 4 (October 2012), pp. 548-558

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Self Efficacy as an indicator for success in minority groups 

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Self Efficacy as an indicator for success in minority groups 

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No Difference Between Race and self- Efficacy ?

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No Difference Between Race and self- Efficacy ?

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Racial Differences In Self-Efficacy Expectations For Exercise

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Another article indicates Ethinc differences in self-efficacy that may or may not affect mental health.

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Resilience and Family Socialization Processes in Ethnic Minority Youth: Illuminating the Achievement-Health Paradox - Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

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Youth in marginalized communities who “strive” to rise above adversity, including systemic racism and poverty, are considered “resilient.” African-American, Latinx, and Asian-American youth often achieve admirable academic success despite limited social capital and high early life stress by adopting a “striving persistent behavioral style” (SPBS). SPBS may be supported by family socialization processes that facilitate reliance on self-regulation processes. Unfortunately, a young person’s resilience in one domain (i.e., academic) can come at a cost in other domains, including physical and mental health morbidities that are under-identified and under-treated. Indeed, research suggests a link between SPBS in the face of adversity and later health morbidities among ethnic minority youth. Herein, we describe SPBS as an adaptation to minority stress that not only promotes social mobility but may also stoke physical and mental health disparities. We review how family processes related to academic, emotional, and ethnic-racial socialization can facilitate the striving persistent behavioral style. We emphasize the double bind that ethnic minority families are caught in and discuss directions for future research and clinical implications for individual and family-level interventions. While needed, we argue that individual and family-level interventions represent a near-term work around. Solutions and factors that shape the need for SPBS and its cost must be addressed structurally.

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SELF-EFFICACY  •	Boosts Motivation and Perseverance: Self-efficacy helps individuals believe in their abilities, which drives motivation and resilience, especially when facing challenges. 	•	Enhances Goal Achievement: With higher self-efficacy, people set more challenging goals and are more likely to stay committed to achieving them, leading to greater personal and professional growth. 	•	Improves Mental Health: Believing in one’s ability to succeed can reduce stress and anxiety, fostering a more positive outlook and emotional well-being. #HealthIsWealth #MindsetMatters #StrongerEveryday #FitMindFitBody #WellnessJourney #MotivationMonday #SelfCareSunday #NoExcuses #GrindDontStop #BeYourBest #FitnessMotivation #PositiveVibesOnly #ProgressNotPerfection

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@the.omegafit
SELF-EFFICACY • Boosts Motivation and Perseverance: Self-efficacy helps individuals believe in their abilities, which drives motivation and resilience, especially when facing challenges. • Enhances Goal Achievement: With higher self-efficacy, people set more challenging goals and are more likely to stay committed to achieving them, leading to greater personal and professional growth. • Improves Mental Health: Believing in one’s ability to succeed can reduce stress and anxiety, fostering a more positive outlook and emotional well-being. #HealthIsWealth #MindsetMatters #StrongerEveryday #FitMindFitBody #WellnessJourney #MotivationMonday #SelfCareSunday #NoExcuses #GrindDontStop #BeYourBest #FitnessMotivation #PositiveVibesOnly #ProgressNotPerfection
♬ original sound - MoneyPod

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@ronsvalenzonajr
SELF EFFICACY #fyp #schoollife
♬ original sound - R - R

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How cultural identity affects the psychology of an individual.

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How cultural identity affects the psychology of an individual.

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Their cultural identity deeply influences the psychology of an individual, as it determines their self-image, emotional reactions, and how they manage stress. It offers a sense of belonging and approval, particularly since those who are high in cultural identity often feel safer and have a greater sense of self-worth in society than those with less cultural identity.

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Everyday Life Examples of Cultural Identity

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Everyday Life Examples of Cultural Identity

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It can be argued that a bilingual person can move from one language usage to another depending on the sociocultural environment he/she belongs to, representing his/her cultural identity.

Festivals and Celebrations: Celebrating festivals like Diwali, Christmas, or Lunar New Year helps individuals connect to their ethnic roots and further strengthen their community ties.

Traditional Attire: Sari, Hijab, Kilt, etc.

Food: The sharing of things like sushi, tacos, or curry allows for cultural exchange and identity.

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This is a Story about Amina: A young woman who is passionate about her faith but feels self-conscious about wearing hijab in public. #HijabInspiration #SisterhoodSupport #ModestyMatters#FaithOverFear #HijabStyle #BreakingBarriers #IslamicInspiration #HijabConfidence #CapCut 

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@mamadot8
This is a Story about Amina: A young woman who is passionate about her faith but feels self-conscious about wearing hijab in public. #HijabInspiration #SisterhoodSupport #ModestyMatters#FaithOverFear #HijabStyle #BreakingBarriers #IslamicInspiration #HijabConfidence #CapCut
♬ original sound - FKS

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I feel proud to share my ethnic background with people from other cultural groups.