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Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates from cells that would normally mature into various types of blood cells. Typically, leukemia originates in the early forms of white blood cells; however, some forms of leukemia start in other types of blood cells. The classification of leukemia is primarily based on whether it is fast-growing (acute) or slow-growing (chronic), and whether it originates in myeloid cells or lymphoid cells.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) begins in the bone marrow, where new blood cells are created. AML swiftly spreads to the bloodstream and may also extend to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, central nervous system, and testicles. AML usually arises from cells that would develop into white blood cells (excluding lymphocytes), although it may also develop from other blood-forming cells.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is also referred to by various other names, such as acute myelocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

All information via (What is AML?)

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Leukemia may affect red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Leukemia may affect red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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This is a image of blood cell development. A blood stem cell goes through several steps to become a red blood cell, platelet, or white blood cell.

All information via (National Cancer Institute)

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Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes a large number of abnormal blood cells.

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Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes a large number of abnormal blood cells.

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This is a picture of the anatomy of the bone. The bone is made up of compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow. Compact bone makes up the outer layer of the bone. Spongy bone is found mostly at the ends of bones and contains red marrow. Bone marrow is found in the center of most bones and has many blood vessels. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow. Red marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Yellow marrow is made mostly of fat.

All information via (National Cancer Institute)

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General signs and symptoms of the early stages of acute myelogenous leukemia may seem similar to those of the flu or other common diseases.

Signs and symptoms of acute myelogenous leukemia include:

Fever

Bone pain

Lethargy and fatigue

Shortness of breath

Pale skin

Frequent infections

Easy bruising

Unusual bleeding, such as frequent nosebleeds and bleeding from the gums

All information via (Mayo Clinic)

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Acute myelogenous leukemia is a condition that arises when there are changes, or mutations, in the DNA of a bone marrow cell. DNA is responsible for providing instructions to cells on how to function, such as when to grow and when to die. In a healthy cell, the DNA ensures that growth and death occur at the correct rate. However, when mutations occur in acute myelogenous leukemia, the DNA instructs the bone marrow cell to keep dividing and growing uncontrollably.

This uncontrolled growth disrupts the production of blood cells, causing the bone marrow to generate immature cells that mature into dysfunctional white blood cells called myeloblasts. These abnormal cells are incapable of functioning properly and can accumulate, taking up space and crowding out healthy cells.

Although the cause of DNA mutations that lead to leukemia is not clear, certain risk factors have been identified by medical professionals.

All information via (Mayo Clinic)

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Complete blood count (CBC) is a test that examines the blood and bone marrow and is used to diagnose AML. 

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Complete blood count (CBC) is a test that examines the blood and bone marrow and is used to diagnose AML. 

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This is a picture of complete blood count (CBC). Blood is collected by inserting a needle into a vein and allowing the blood to flow into a tube. The blood sample is sent to the laboratory and the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are counted. The CBC is used to test for, diagnose, and monitor many different conditions.

All information via (National Cancer Institute)

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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is another test that examines the blood and bone marrow used to diagnose AML.  

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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is another test that examines the blood and bone marrow used to diagnose AML.  

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This is a picture of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After a small area of skin is numbed, a bone marrow needle is inserted into the patient’s hip bone. Samples of blood, bone, and bone marrow are removed for examination under a microscope.

All information via (National Cancer Institute)

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There are different types of treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

The treatment of AML usually has two phases.

Patients receive supportive care for side effects of treatment.

Five types of treatment are used:

Chemotherapy

Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant

Targeted therapy

Other drug therapy

New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.

Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia may cause side effects.

Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.

Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.

Follow-up tests may be needed.

All information via (National Cancer Institute)

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Once acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. One of these tests is the Lumbar puncture: A procedure used to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spinal column. 

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Once acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. One of these tests is the Lumbar puncture: A procedure used to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spinal column. 

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This is a picture of the Lumbar puncture. A patient lies in a curled position on a table. After a small area on the lower back is numbed, a spinal needle (a long, thin needle) is inserted into the lower part of the spinal column to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, shown in blue). The fluid may be sent to a laboratory for testing.

All information via (National Cancer Institute)

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The American Cancer Society’s estimates for leukemia in the United States for 2023 are:

About 59,610 new cases of leukemia (all kinds) and 23,710 deaths from leukemia (all kinds)

About 20,380 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Most will be in adults.

About 11,310 deaths from AML. Almost all will be in adults.

AML is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. Still, AML is fairly rare overall, accounting for only about 1% of all cancers.

AML is generally a disease of older people and is uncommon before the age of 45. The average age of people when they are first diagnosed with AML is about 68. But AML can occur in children as well.

AML is slightly more common among men than women, but the average lifetime risk of getting AML in both sexes is about ½ of 1%.

All information via (American Cancer Society)

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AML's causes remain unclear, and as most cases aren't linked to modifiable risk factors, there are currently no known strategies to prevent most instances of AML. However, quitting smoking is the most significant preventable risk factor, and it can substantially lower the risk of AML as well as other cancers, heart disease, stroke, and other conditions. Some individuals may develop treatment-related leukemias after undergoing chemotherapy or radiation for certain cancers, and researchers are working on ways to reduce this risk. While avoiding cancer-causing substances like benzene may help reduce the risk of AML, the majority of leukemias appear to be linked to environmental and occupational chemicals only to a small extent, according to most experts.

All information via (American Cancer Society)