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Our fashion industry is one of the major contributions to pollution, their workers also get exploited quite a lot, how to fix the problem? A solution for that is to purchase organic clothing or recycled fabrics, you could also buy less but more durable clothing, try to avoid fast fashion companies and support local shops instead. I also suggest that you hand down old clothing to siblings instead of donating, because most of the clothing that gets handed over to donations or charities end up in a land fill. Attempt to fix clothes by yourselves and upcycle. Try to use clothing for different things like bags, stuffed animals etc. It's so easy to just hand down your clothes, not as much as a challenge as you thought it would be!
https://www.onlineclothingstudy.com/2023/01/solutions-to-top-4-biggest-fashion.html

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1. Environmental Impact

Driven partly by consumer demand, serious sustainability issues in the fashion supply chain have come to light. For example, the dyeing processes waste thousands of gallons of water per year and are the second largest contributor to water pollution worldwide.

Additionally, the production and waste of synthetic fibers is responsible for 35% of microplastic pollution in marine environments. Unfortunately, a lot of clothing goes to waste yearly, with millions of tons of apparel ending up in landfills.

Resolving the environmental challenges facing the fashion supply chain is a complex task requiring cooperation between brands, manufacturers, and suppliers. The primary solution to this supply chain problem is changing how apparel is produced. For example, waterless dyeing processes and new dyes that lack harmful chemicals could significantly reduce water waste and pollution if adopted on a large scale.

Clothing brands are also creating collection programs for unwanted clothing to prevent it from ending up in landfills. For example, sustainable clothing leader Patagonia has an entire marketplace - known as Worn Wear - for buying used Patagonia brand clothing. Consumers can send in their used Patagonia items for trade-in credit up to $100 per item. Patagonia also reuses fabric and used items from retired products to make new, unique products.

2. Labor and Human Rights Concerns

The fashion industry is facing severe labor issues today. Sweatshops and unsafe working conditions in clothing manufacturing have become a major concern for consumers and brands alike. The fast fashion industry is the main contributor to these issues, but they affect the entire fashion supply chain.

Fast fashion relies on selling clothing for excessively low prices in mass quantities, often refreshing styles and collections dozens of times per year. The people who make these clothes are frequently paid less than a living wage and are subject to unsafe and hostile working conditions. Most garment workers are women, 76% of whom report being subject to gender-based violence in the workplace. Tight deadlines from brands increase the likelihood of violence.

Women are not the only ones threatened by the poor working conditions of the garment manufacturing industry. The facilities where many cheap clothes are produced today are unsafe, even at the structural level. In 2013, 1132 people were killed in the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh, which housed five separate garment factories.

Brands must change how they do business from top to bottom. For instance, they will need to focus on selling fewer items for higher prices. The focus on giving consumers a "great deal" is one of the most significant contributors to the unlivable wages paid in many garment manufacturing facilities.

Additionally, the clothing industry needs to prioritize transparency. Increasing accountability and visibility will allow brands to improve their supply chains, as well. Programs like Fashion Checker and the Clean Clothes Campaign are already working on demanding greater labor transparency from clothing brands.

3. Transportation and Shipping

Surveys show nearly half of consumers expect online-order delivery in two days or less. While Amazon may not be a fashion-specific company, it has completely changed shipping standards in the fashion supply chain. Consumers have come to expect cheap clothing that gets to them in a matter of days, typically without visiting a physical storefront.

Materials shortages, high international shipping costs and traffic at international ports are making logistics increasingly complicated. Even domestic transportation is posing challenges - the U.S. alone could be short 162,000 truck drivers by 2030. Clothing brands must make transportation and shipping as efficient as possible to combat logistics delays.

Efficiency and innovation are the keys to tackling logistics problems in the fashion supply chain. Clothing brands can shift to domestic suppliers and manufacturers to eliminate international shipping delays. Digital twins and logistics modeling tools can help brands map and optimize their operations and even entire supply chains. Data collection tools like IoT devices can also improve visibility in the shipping process, giving businesses a clearer picture of where delays are happening.

Additionally, automation can streamline warehouse and shipping operations with tools like warehouse robots, collaborative robotics and IoT devices. Using intelligent forecasting algorithms can help clothing brands, manufacturers and suppliers prepare for changes in demand and adapt their orders and shipping plans accordingly.

4. Materials Shortages

Materials shortages in the fashion supply chain are closely tied to environmental and labor concerns. Raw materials suppliers worldwide are being impacted by extreme weather caused by climate change.

Wool and cashmere farmers have experienced rising mortality rates among their herds and flooding threatens cotton farming. Studies have found that weather patterns directly impact mortality rates in merino sheep, with sudden or severe cold weather putting sheep at high risk of premature death. Labor shortages are also reducing the maximum productivity possible for suppliers and manufacturers in all areas of agriculture.

Rather than telling consumers they need a new closet every two weeks, brands should focus on selling smaller collections of higher-quality items meant to be worn for years. This will reduce strain on materials suppliers and manufacturers.

Additionally, clothing brands can make better use of the resources they have. Retailers can support suppliers using responsible land management techniques such as regenerative agriculture, which prioritizes making the most out of crops without harming the land. Retailers can also create used clothing collections and recycle used items and fabric in their manufacturing processes.

Addressing Concerns in the Fashion Supply Chain

The fashion industry is grappling with some significant challenges, but they are manageable. The supply chain must innovate how it does business to adapt to modern obstacles. By adopting greener, more responsible and efficient practices, the fashion industry can solve today's issues while delivering a better consumer experience.

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Solutions to the Top 4 Biggest Fashion Supply Chain Problems

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Driven partly by consumer demand, serious sustainability issues in the fashion supply chain have come to light. For example, the dyeing processes waste thousands of gallons of water per year and are the second largest contributor to water pollution worldwide. Additionally, the production and waste of synthetic fibers is responsible for 35% of microplastic pollution in marine environments.

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Our clothing industry has become increasingly more wasteful, we throw away clothes that could still be used. For example it is estimated around one garbage truck of clothing is burned or dumped in a landfill every second. First of all, why do we waste so much clothing nowadays? Well, the fashion industry produces A LOT of clothing, "the number of garments produced annually has doubled since 2000 and exceeded 100 billion for the first time in 2014." it says on the website "good on you". In 2017 it was unmasked that the popular clothing brand: H&M had been burning 12 TONS of clothing every single year since 2013. Due to this overproduction of clothing, it is harming the Earth greatly. While the industry is mass producing clothes, us consumers are also play a major part in the problem. 56 million tons of clothing are bought each year, but not only do we buy a whole lot of clothing. But as a result of new clothing being produced we throw away our clothing much more often than we did 15 years ago. The website "good on you" reports "The average American is said to throw away about 37kg/81 pounds of clothes every year." Unfortunately our clothing isn't as recyclable as we might like to think, a lot of our clothing is made out of plastic nowadays and plastic can take millions of years to decompose. Only 13.6% of our clothing can be recycled and only 12% makes it to recycling. This 12% will likely end up being shredded or burned to become furniture stuffing, as a result less than 1% gets recycled into brand new clothing. Now you might be thinking; "What if I just donate my old clothing?" while that might be a more sustainable approach, charities or thrift shops are sometimes forced to dispose of unwanted material  and 25% of that goes straight to a landfill and a extra 40-50% gets donated to problematic factories across the globe which leads to the clothing ending up in landfills. What are the solutions? Well, some good news is that some brands are making an effort to reduce their carbon footprint, some of their efforts are; using recycled material or deadstock fabrics, or taking back and reselling second hand products. One thing you can do to help is giving you old clothing to siblings or donating. Buying from brands that have a smaller carbon footprint could also help to save our Earth.
https://goodonyou.eco/waste-luxury-fashion/

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Everything You Need to Know About Waste in the Fashion Industry - Good On You

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Burberry was the brand that sparked a big brouhaha, but waste in the fashion industry is commonplace. Read more to find out why, and what we can do to help.

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Fashion is used for comfort and for style too, depending on where you are going too, your fashion choice can greatly affect the outcome of the situation, warm or cold weather, clothing can protect you from the harsh environment, but when us humans buy from a line that makes fast fashion we could be profiting harsh dangerous labor in garment factories which could have unsafe working conditions. For example the Rana Plaza Collapse in 2013 is a fantastic example for this industries dangerous history. The Rana Plaza was a building that housed five garment factories in Bangladesh that had thousands of people working their clothing line, before the collapse there had multiple concerns and reports about weakened foundations, but the supervisors had brushed it off until the building finally crumbled, 1,134 lives were lost. The main cause for the collapse was because of poor working conditions and being built on unsuitable land, therefore the accident could have been entirely prevented, which led to factories in Bangladesh to build better emergency exits and being forced to remove gates in the buildings vicinity. For this reason you should check the factories in which your clothing is being produced. You never know if you could be giving money to a dangerous working environment.

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Around 3 million years ago when humans started wearing the first clothes, it was intended to protect the body from the environment, but as time progressed fashion has made its mark in history as a sign of wealth or status, fashion in more ancient times was made out of animal skin, but as civilization progressed people started using the loom to weave clothing material, the ancient greeks often wore clothing such a linen in hot weather, but on a very rare occasion when it was cold they would wear wool. Then materials started to become more diverse. Take silk for example, silk was discovered and made in China in the Neolithic Yangshao culture which was then kept a secret for 3,000 years, anyone who tried to export it would be put to death. Later China did eventually trade with other countries sharing their precious silk. Silk was very expensive and still is today because of how soft it is, it is considered a luxury product. Back then people would sew their pants and dresses with a needle and thread but then an English inventor named Thomas Saint built the first ever sewing machine in 1790 but in 1804 when two other inventors tried to make a sewing machine of their own until following inventors modified it, but it wasn't until 1889 for when it was marketed and widely used. In America in the 1920’s, Rayon or artificial silk was most commonly used in clothing. Nowadays we use cotton or denim as a popular clothing material,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing

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Clothing (also known as clothes, apparel and attire) is items worn on the body. Clothing is typically made of fabrics or textiles but over time has included garments made from animal skin or other thin sheets of materials put together. The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies. The amount and type of clothing worn depends on gender, body type, social, and geographic considerations.

Origin and history

Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Estimates by various experts have ranged from 40,000 to 3 million years ago. Some more recent studies involving the evolution of body lice have implied a more recent development with some indicating a development of around 170,000 years ago and others indicating as little as 40,000. No single estimate is widely accepted.

Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated around 170,000 years ago. Body lice are an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive. Their research suggests that the invention of clothing may have coincided with the northward migration of modern Homo sapiens away from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, a second group of researchers using similar genetic methods estimate that clothing originated around 540,000 years ago.

According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 34,000 BC.

Although modern consumers may take the production of clothing for granted, making fabric by hand is a tedious and labor-intensive process involving fiber making, spinning, and weaving. The textile industry was the first to be mechanized - with the powered loom - during the Industrial Revolution.

Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit - for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt and the Javanese sarong. The clothes may simply be tied up (dhoti and sari); or pins or belts hold the garments in place (kilt and sarong). The cloth remains uncut, and people of various sizes can wear the garment.

Modern European fashion treats cloth much less conservatively, typically cutting in such a way as to leave various odd-shaped cloth remnants. Industrial sewing operations sell these as waste; home sewers may turn them into quilts.

In the thousands of years that humans have been making clothing, they have created an astonishing array of styles, many of which have been reconstructed from surviving garments, photos, paintings, mosaics, etc., as well as from written descriptions. Costume history can inspire current fashion designers, as well as costumiers for plays, films, television, and historical reenactment.

Clothing performs a range of social and cultural functions, such as individual, occupational and gender differentiation, and social status. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of modesty, religion, gender, and social status. Clothing may also function as adornment and an expression of personal taste or style.

Clothing has been made from a very wide variety of materials, ranging from leather and furs to woven fabrics to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed ( scarves), worn purely for adornment ( jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection ( eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing.

Clothing protects against many things that might injure or irritate the uncovered human body, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun. Garments that are too sheer, thin, small or tight offer less protection. Appropriate clothes can also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport. Some clothing protects from specific hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances.

Humans have devised clothing solutions to environmental or other hazards: such as space suits, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suits, swimsuits, bee-keeper gear, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and other pieces of protective clothing. The distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut, since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protective value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their design. The choice of clothes also has social implications. They cover parts of the body that social norms require to be covered, act as a form of adornment, and serve other social purposes. Someone who lacks the means to procure reasonable clothing due to poverty or affordability, or simply lack of inclination, is sometimes said to be scruffy, ragged, or shabby.

Serious books on clothing and its functions appear from the 19th century as imperialists dealt with new environments such as India and the tropics. Some scientific research into the multiple functions of clothing in the first half of the 20th century, with publications such as J.C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes in 1930, and Newburgh's seminal Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing in 1949. By 1968, the field of environmental physiology had advanced and expanded significantly, but the science of clothing in relation to environmental physiology had changed little. There has since been considerable research, and the knowledge base has grown significantly, but the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.

In most cultures, gender differentiation of clothing is considered appropriate. The differences are in styles, colors, fabrics, and types.

Men may sometimes choose to wear men's skirts such as togas or kilts in particular cultures, especially on ceremonial occasions. Such garments were (in previous times) often worn as normal daily clothing by men.

Clothing designed to be worn by either sex is called unisex clothing. Unisex clothes, such as T-shirts, tend to be cut straighter to fit a wider variety of bodies. The majority of unisex clothing styles have started out as menswear, but some articles, like the fedora, were originally worn by women.

In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status. In ancient Rome, for example, only senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple. In traditional Hawaiian society, only high-ranking chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa, or carved whale teeth. In China, before establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow. History provides many examples of elaborate sumptuary laws that regulated what people could wear. In societies without such laws, which includes most modern societies, social status is instead signaled by the purchase of rare or luxury items that are limited by cost to those with wealth or status. In addition, peer pressure influences clothing choice.

Some religious clothing might be considered a special case of occupational clothing. Sometimes it is worn only during the performance of religious ceremonies. However, it may also be worn every day as a marker for special religious status.

For example, Jains and Muslim men wear unstitched cloth pieces when performing religious ceremonies. The unstitched cloth signifies unified and complete devotion to the task at hand, with no digression. Sikhs wear a turban as it is a part of their religion.

Clothing appears in numerous contexts in the Bible; the most prominent passages are: the story of Adam and Eve who made coverings for themselves out of fig leaves, Joseph's cloak, Judah and Tamar, Mordecai and Esther. Furthermore, the priests officiating in the Temple in Jerusalem had very specific garments, the lack of which made one liable to death.

The Quran says about husbands and wives, regarding clothing: "...They are clothing/covering (Libaas) for you; and you for them" (chapter 2:187).

Jewish ritual also requires rending of one's upper garment as a sign of mourning.

Jeans in the Western dress code are worn by both men and women. There are several unique styles of jeans found which include: high rise jeans, mid rise jeans, low rise jeans, bootcut jeans, straight jeans, cropped jeans, skinny jeans, cuffed jeans, boyfriend jeans, and capri jeans.

By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.

Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons. Common sportswear garments include shorts, T-shirts, tennis shirts, leotards, tracksuits, and trainers. Specialized garments include wet suits (for swimming, diving or surfing), salopettes (for skiing) and leotards (for gymnastics). Also, spandex materials are often used as base layers to soak up sweat. Spandex is also preferable for active sports that require form fitting garments, such as volleyball, wrestling, track & field, dance, gymnastics and swimming.

Paris set the fashion trends for Europe and North America 1900-1940. In the 1920s the goal was all about getting loose. Women wore dresses all day, everyday. Day dresses had a drop waist, which was a sash or belt around the low waist or hip and a skirt that hung anywhere from the ankle on up to the knee, never above. Daywear had sleeves (long to mid-bicep) and a skirt that was straight, pleaded, hank hem, or tired. Jewelry was less conspicuous. Hair was often bobbed, giving a boyish look.

Although mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation. While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly.

Coalitions of NGOs, designers (including Katharine Hamnett, American Apparel, Veja, Quiksilver, eVocal, and Edun) and campaign groups like the Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) and the Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights as well as textile and clothing trade unions have sought to improve these conditions as much as possible by sponsoring awareness-raising events, which draw the attention of both the media and the general public to the workers.

Outsourcing production to low wage countries like Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became possible when the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was abolished. The MFA, which placed quotas on textiles imports, was deemed a protectionist measure. Although many countries recognize treaties like the International Labour Organization, which attempt to set standards for worker safety and rights, many countries have made exceptions to certain parts of the treaties or failed to thoroughly enforce them. India for example has not ratified sections 87 and 92 of the treaty.

Despite the strong reactions that "sweatshops" evoked among critics of globalization, the production of textiles has functioned as a consistent industry for developing nations, providing work and wages, whether construed as exploitative or not, to millions of people.

Clothing suffers assault both from within and without. The human body sheds skin cells and body oils, and exudes sweat, urine, and feces. From the outside, sun damage, moisture, abrasion, and dirt assault garments. Fleas and lice can hide in seams. Worn clothing, if not cleaned and refurbished, itches, becomes outworn, and loses functionality (as when buttons fall off, seams come undone, fabrics thin or tear, and zippers fail).

Often, people wear an item of clothing until it falls apart. Some materials present problems. Cleaning leather is difficult, and bark cloth (tapa) cannot be washed without dissolving it. Owners may patch tears and rips, and brush off surface dirt, but materials like these inevitably age.

However, most clothing consists of cloth, and most cloth can be laundered and mended (patching, darning, but compare felt).

Laundry, ironing, storage

Once clothes have been laundered and possibly ironed, they are usually hung on clothes hangers or folded, to keep them fresh until they are worn. Clothes are folded to allow them to be stored compactly, to prevent creasing, to preserve creases or to present them in a more pleasing manner, for instance when they are put on sale in stores.

Certain types of insects and larvae feed on clothing and textiles, such as the black carpet beetle and clothing moths. To deter such pests, clothes may be stored in cedar-lined closets or chests, or placed in drawers or containers with materials having pest repellent properties, such as lavender or mothballs. Airtight containers (such as sealed, heavy-duty plastic bags) may also deter insect pest damage to clothing materials.

A resin used for making non-wrinkle shirts releases formaldehyde, which could cause contact dermatitis for some people; no disclosure requirements exist, and in 2008 the U.S. Government Accountability Office tested formaldehyde in clothing and found that generally the highest levels were in non-wrinkle shirts and pants. In 1999, a study of the effect of washing on the formaldehyde levels found that after 6 months after washing, 7 of 27 shirts had levels in excess of 75 ppm, which is a safe limit for direct skin exposure.

Used, unwearable clothing can be repurposed for quilts, rags, rugs, bandages, and many other household uses. Neutral colored or undyed cellulose fibers can be recycled into paper. In Western societies, used clothing is often thrown out or donated to charity (such as through a clothing bin). It is also sold to consignment shops, dress agencies, flea markets, and in online auctions. Used clothing is also often collected on an industrial scale to be sorted and shipped for re-use in poorer countries. Globally, used clothes are worth $4 billion with the US as the leading exporter at $575 million.

There are many concerns about the life cycle of synthetics, which come primarily from petrochemicals. Unlike natural fibers, their source is not renewable and they are not biodegradable.

Excess inventory of clothing is sometimes destroyed to preserve brand value.

EU Member States import, in 2018 €166 billion of clothes; 51% come from outside the EU €84 billion.

EU member states exported €116 billion of clothes in 2018, including 77% to other EU member states.

ebook ISBN 978-0-231-51273-2

Gavin, Timothy P (2003), "Clothing and Thermoregulation During Exercise", Sports Medicine, 33 (13): 941-947, doi:10.2165/00007256-200333130-00001, PMID 14606923, S2CID 37755781, archived from the original on 2011-07-07

Montain, Scott J; Sawaka, Michael N; Cadarett, Bruce S; Quigley, Mark D; McKay, James M (1994), "Physiological tolerance to uncompensable heat stress: effects of exercise intensity, protective clothing, and climate" (PDF), Journal of Applied Physiology, 77 (1): 216-222, doi:10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.216, PMID 7961236

Paperback ISBN 978-0-7456-3187-5

(see especially sections 5 - 'Clothing' - & 6 - 'Protective clothing').

Yarborough, Portia; Nelson, Cherilyn N, eds. (2005), "Performance of Protective Clothing: Global Needs and Emerging Markets", Performance of Protective Clothing, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 8th Vol., ISBN 0-8031-3488-6, ISSN 1040-3035

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Clothing (also known as clothes, apparel and attire) is items worn on the body. Clothing is typically made of fabrics or textiles but over time has included garments made from animal skin or other thin sheets of materials put together. The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies.