# data[].attributes.body
Throughout the excerpt of a speech given by senator Dirksen, the speaker utilizes historical and political allusions and examples to highlight the importance of a legacy that is created through change in order to counter opposing arguments and highlight that the most significant growths are often made through radical changes.

# data[].attributes.body
In his 1964 speech, Senator Dirksen provides historical examples while implementing rhetorical questions to provoke his fellow senators to see the need for the cloture of the of the bill in order to convey the necessity and consistency of change.

# data[].attributes.body
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.

The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.

We cannot walk alone.

And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.

We cannot turn back.

There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."¹

I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.

Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.

And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."²

This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.

With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:

My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,    From every mountainside, let freedom ring!

And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.

Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.

Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.

Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.

Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.

But not only that:

Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.

Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.

# data[].attributes.body
In his 1964 speech to the House of Representatives, Dirkesen establishes his belief that change is the only avenue to equality, and therefore acceptance through his use of historical allusions and rhetorical questions which further illutrates the idea of change as a catalyst for societal advancement.

# data[].attributes.body
In her speech to the senate Dirksen uses allusion to American politics in the past and pathos to emotionally appeal to the senate and gain their support

# data[].attributes.body
In Senator Everett Dirksen's speech, he utilizes allusions to the history of the United States and rhetorical questions in order to set up his argument for the implementation of the cloture rule, on the principles of civil rights and productive change that America was founded upon.

# data[].attributes.body
In Dirken’s speech to his fellow senators, Dirken uses logos and allusions to increase his credibility and showcase similar ideas once spoken by someone well respected in order to emphasize his point that all people are created equal and it is necessary that they be treated that way.

# data[].attributes.body
In Dirksen's speech, he uses powerful diction and sensitive examples to prove that all citizens deserve rights which shows that all humans matter, not just one group.

# data[].attributes.headline
Through the usage of logos and historical anecdotes, Dirksen reveals the flaws in the nations past in relation to minority support in order to convince senators to vote in favor of the civil rights bill.

# data[].attributes.subject
Through the usage of logos and historical anecdotes, Dirksen reveals the flaws in the nations past in relation to minority support in order to convince senators to vote in favor of the civil rights bill.

# data[].attributes.body
Who even knows what this essay is talking about but Dirksen probably said something using repetition and and historical anecdotes to prove the importance of treating everyone equally.

# data[].attributes.body
In the Great Influenza, by John M. Barry, the author carefully argues, by the means of thoughtful hypotheticals and strong ethos, that scientists not only must be intelligent, but also possess characteristics like courage and passion to direct attention to the fact that scientific research is a way of life.

# data[].attributes.headline
In "The Great Influenza", John M. Barry argues that scientist must be courageous in their research to make advances by using juxtaposition and appealing to ethos to build a connection to how a scientist character traits determine their success and influence

# data[].attributes.subject
In "The Great Influenza", John M. Barry argues that scientist must be courageous in their research to make advances by using juxtaposition and appealing to ethos to build a connection to how a scientist character traits determine their success and influence

# data[].attributes.body
In John M. Barry’s, The Great Influenza, Barry uses parallelism and comparison to a frontier to lay out scientific research in a tangible way that allows one to not only be able to relate to characteristics associated with scientific research but also to connect the process to real places and events.

# data[].attributes.body
Through Historical illusions and paradoxical comparison, Barry illustrates that science is a series of unknowns proven right through hard work and determination in order to convey the importance of embracing the uncertainty.

# data[].attributes.body
In John M. Barry's "The Great Influenza", he expresses the courageous attributes required for the advancement of scientific developments through rhetorical questions and the personification of science in order to express the need for a disciplined occupation in the midst of a chaotic world.

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout the passage Barry utilizes repetition and juxtaposition in order to illustrate the importance of perseverance and courage within the scientific and various professions.

# data[].attributes.headline
In his novel "The Great Influenza". John M. Barry explores the tedium and perserverance required to conduct scientific experiments, and the great stamina it takes to conduct great ones through the use of dichotic parallelism and loaded metaphors in order to expemplify that the most successful are often the most determined.

# data[].attributes.subject
In his novel "The Great Influenza". John M. Barry explores the tedium and perserverance required to conduct scientific experiments, and the great stamina it takes to conduct great ones through the use of dichotic parallelism and loaded metaphors in order to expemplify that the most successful are often the most determined.

# data[].attributes.headline
 In The Great Influenza, John M. Barry juxtaposes antonyms and asks rhetorical questions to create a theme of uncertainty.

# data[].attributes.subject
 In The Great Influenza, John M. Barry juxtaposes antonyms and asks rhetorical questions to create a theme of uncertainty.

# data[].attributes.body
In this excerpt from "The Great Influenza" by John M. Barry, Barry utilizes historical and literary allusions along with powerful repetition to establish that having passion courage and curiosity is how scientist cross the barrier of being rooted simply in intelligence while doing research that is integral for improving the world around us.