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Mar 31, 1941

Connected to the First Amendment

A group of men went to a hall in New Hampshire to conduct an informational march that they would carry signs in and distribute leaflets. New Hampshire state statue's laws state that people cannot have open air gatherings in public spaces without a special permit, the group of men don't have the special permit. The Supreme Court ruled against the defendant and believe that the Fourteenth Amendment was not violated and that the statue was administered fairly.

This case impacts the First Amendment by allowing contents of speech but the government can regulate reasonable time, place, and restrictions.

This case impacts rights by allowing contents of speech in appropriate times.

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Dec 18, 1944

Connected to the Fifth Amendment

After the bombings of Pearl Harbour, the US relocated Japanese-Americans into relocation camps. Fred Korematsu refused to go to a relocation and was arrested. The Supreme Court ruled that Korematsu's side was valid but it was military strategy and not a racial conflict.

This case impacted the 5th amendment by the Court creating a separate standard of review for suspect classification.

This case impacted equality by stating racial laws are immediately suspect in the suspect classification.

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May 17, 1954

Connected to the Fourteenth Amendment

Many states had issues with segregated schools, many black students couldn't go to certain public schools due to segregation. Many people argued this violated the Fourteenth Amendment. This issue became very out of hand that the Supreme Court decided to handle this case. The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

This case impacted the Fourteenth Amendment by allowing black and white children to go to school together under the protection of The Equal Protection Clause.

This case impacted rights by allowing all kids to go to school together without a sense of inferiority to effect education and growth.

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Jun 19, 1961

Connected to the Fourth Amendment

Mapp was convicted of possession of obscene materials in an illegal police search of her house. Even with the illegal police search, Mapp was convicted of something not what the police searched for. Mapp appealed to the Supreme Court for violation of the 4th amendment. Court ruled in favour of Mapp and said evidence was unlawfully seized violating the 4th Amendment.

This case impacted the Fourth Amendment by protecting citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures.

This case impacted rights by saying that illegally seized evidence cannot be presented in court.

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Jun 25, 1962

Connected to the First Amendment

The New York State Board of Regents held voluntary prayers for school children at the beginning of the day. A group of organisations claimed this violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court ruled that the state cannot hold prayers in public schools even if being voluntarily and the prayer not tied to one religion.

This case impacted the First Amendment by ruling that school sponsored prayers in public schools violate the First Amendment.

This case impacts rights by allowing the freedom of religion in appropriate places.

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Mar 18, 1963

Connected to the Sixth Amendment

Clarence Gideon went to court for felony breaking and entering without a lawyer. When Gideon requested a lawyer his request his decline and represented himself in court. Gideon appealed to the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court ruled in favour of Gideon and ruled that everyone has a right to an attorney.

This case impacts the Sixth Amendment by protecting a persons right to an attorney.

This case impacts liberty by guaranteeing states to follow the 6th amendment and whoevers liberty is in prosecution has the right to an attorney.

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Jun 13, 1966

Connected to the Fifth Amendment

Ernesto Miranda was arrested and questioned without the police informing him of his right to an attorney. A jury found Miranda guilty. Miranda appealed and the Supreme Court of Arizona said his rights were not violated, but the Supreme Court ruled that Miranda's rights were violated.

This case impacted the Fifth Amendment by guaranteeing a person under arrest is entitled to an attorney.

This case impacts rights by allowing a person under arrest to rights against self-incrimination.

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Feb 24, 1969

Connected to the First Amendment

Students in Des Moines wanted to show their truce for the Vietnam War and wore black armbands in support. The principal became upset at the news and made a policy that no one could wear the armbands. The group of students sued for the right of expressionism.

This case impacted the First Amendment by protecting the right of students to wear the armbands.

This case impacted school rights by having schools not be able to censor student speech unless it disrupted the education.

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Jan 22, 1973

Connected to the Fourteenth Amendment

An anonymous woman nicknamed Jane Roe filed a lawsuit against Henry Wade to challenge Texas' laws on abortion. She claimed Texas should allow abortions to save a woman's life. Soon the case became famous and heard by the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court decided to take action. The Supreme Court ruled that abortion is a right to privacy under the Fourteenth Amendment but must be balanced between protecting the womans life and a future human lifes life.

This case impacted the Fourteenth Amendment by allowing women the right to an abortion under protection as a right to privacy.

This case impacted rights by allowing women to make private choices about her pregnancy with the highest level of protection.

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Apr 19, 1977

Connected to the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments

Ingraham refused to be paddled by the principal of Charles R. Drew Junior High School but was forced to be paddled 20 times which resulted in Ingraham being in the hospital for treatments of cold compresses, laxatives, and painkillers for a hematoma. Ingraham and Andrews filed a complaint against Wright, Deliford, Barnes, and Edwart L. Whigham for a violation of the Eighth Amendment. The Fifth Circuit ruled that these actions violated the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments and that the school failed to satisfy due process. The en banc court rejected this and ruled that students get an opportunity to be heard and that the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments do not forbid punishments at school.

This case impacted the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments by having schools not forbid punishments.

This case impacts school rights by allowing students to be heard and allowing state-run schools to use corporal punishments for students.

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Jan 13, 1988

Connected to the First Amendment

The school principal of Hazelwood East High School reviewed the pages of the school sponsored newspaper edited by students named "The Spectrum". The principal found two articles inappropriate and held the pages from publication. Kuhlmeier and two other students appealed this case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled that school administrators could exercise restraint of school sponsored expression.

This case impacted the First Amendment by having school sponsored papers exercise restraint on expression.

This case impacted rights by having schools not allow some student speech if it doesn't match with the schools education.

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Jun 21, 1989

Connected to the First Amendment

In form of protest against Reagan administration policies, Gregory Johnson burned down an American flag in front of the Dallas City Hall. Johnson was sentenced to a year in jail with a $2,000 fine. When Johnson appealed, the Supreme Court ruled that his actions were protected expression under the First Amendment.

This case impacts the First Amendment by protecting symbolic speech that can seem offensive to others.

This case impacts rights by allowing people to a freedom of symbolic speech under the protection of the First Amendment.

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Jun 25, 2007

Connected to the First Amendment

A student at a school supervised event named Joseph Fredrick held up a banner that referenced to marijuana. The principal too away the banner and suspended Fredrick for 10 days. The schools policy is against anything that promotes drug uses. Fredrick appealed to the Supreme Court that his First Amendment was violated. The Supreme Court ruled that school officials can prohibit students from any message that promotes drug uses.

This case impacts the First Amendment by allowing school officials to restrict messages of drug use.

This case impacts rights by allowing freedom of expression with limits on place.

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Jun 28, 2012

Connected to the First Amendment

In a speech, Xavier Alvarez falsely spoke about his background and claimed to have served in the military and win the Congressional Medal of Honour which neither he ever did. Alvarez was charged for false representation, Alvarez appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled that Alvarez's actions were unconstitutional.

This case impacts the First Amendment by allowing freedom of speech under restrictions for making false statements for military awards.

This case impacts rights by allowing freedom of speech but with prohibition of false statements.

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Jun 23, 2021

Connected to the First Amendment

BL failed to make the varsity cheerleading team at Mahanoy Area High School and made the junior varsity team instead. On Snapchat, she posted a rude post about the sports teams and cheerleaders showed the coach the post they claimed to be inappropriate. BL then became suspended from the team for a year so BL sued the school that her First Amendment because of her suspension.

This case impacted the First Amendment by deciding that schools could regulate on-campus vulgar speech.

This case impacted school rights by not having students shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech on campus.