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Queen Mary 1 of England (also was the queen of Spain by marriage) 

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Queen Mary 1 of England (also was the queen of Spain by marriage) 

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Mary 1 was the Queen of England also know as Bloody Mary and Mary Tudor. She was the daughter of Kind Edward Vlll and Catherine of Aragon (first wife).

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Mary ascended the throne in 1553 and became queen when her father and her half brother King Edward Vl died. Lady Jane became Queen for nine days but the people wanted Mary as Queen because they thought she was the rightful heir to the throne.

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Mary was determined to restore Roman Catholicism in England and reverse her father and half brother Protestant reign.

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Policy 1 she implemented - Repealed the Act of Surpemesy 

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Policy 1 she implemented - Repealed the Act of Surpemesy 

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The Act of Supremacy was Parliament recognizing King Henry Vlll the "Supremacy Head of the Church of England". This means that they broke away from the Roman Church and the Pope. Mary who is a devoted Catholic repealed the Act in 1554 and established the Pope authority in England but after her reign Queen Elizabeth reinstated it.

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Policy 2 she implemented - The Heresy Law 

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Policy 2 she implemented - The Heresy Law 

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1555 she revised the Heresy laws that made it legal to prosecute religious dissenters. Mary did this in an attempt to restore Roman Catholicism in England as Protestants could be killed. She killed Thomas Cranmer who was her fathers adviser and the archbishop of Canterbury.

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Mary the 1 marriage with King Philip II of Spain.

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The Repeal of the Act of Supremacy was Absolutist as she was not necessarily thinking about what the people wanted but what she did. When she became Queen the religion was divided and there was conflict between the Protestants and Roman Catholics. However her decision lead to more chaos. There was mixed reaction between the two religions some where happy and saw it as a positive for the country while others thought it negatively impacted the country and were deeply upset so they resisted the change. This was just the start for Mary as those who disagreed with her opinion would later be killed after she established Hersey laws. As Mary had so much power she didn't listen or acknowledge the Protestants beliefs or stance. She was solely focused on restoring the Roman Catholicism Church in England by doing whatever was necessary.

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Through the Act of establishing Hersey laws from 1555-58 around 300 protestants were killed by being burned by a stake and heretics were violently executed. This is were Mary gets her nickname Bloody Mary. This shows Absolutism as Mary even though didn't kill all these people her actions of Hersey laws caused it. Mary used her power to think about herself and the religion she wanted and if someone disagreed with her she would have them killed. She was violent and caused hundreds of people to die. She did not rule the people and think about them she was an absolutist who ruled for herself. She would not listing to backlash or opposing opinions, her way was the only way. This was a very negative time period as many people were getting killed for their beliefs. I think her nickname is justified as she killed people just for there religious beliefs. There have been more execution from other kings though and they did not get a nickname but I would say her nickname is justified.

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Mary and Phillip marriage shows Absolutism as it was a political marriage. Mary's reason to Marry Phillip was to build a stronger force of Catholicism in England. The people of England and parliament were strongly against this marriage as Spain was seen as an enemy and people were worried about reinstating the Roman Catholicism Church in England. However Mary refused and said “My marriage is my own affair.” When people saw how determined Mary was to this marriage, there was an uprising called the Wyatt's Rebellion. Mary made a speech to the citizens telling them to fight with her and later Wyatt was executed. This shows Absolutism because she would not take outside opinion and didn't think about how the country would be when agreeing to marry an "enemy". She also killed those who disagreed with her as well as not listing and demanding Parliament to agree. This was a negative and positive time for England, people were upset with her and the marriage and a rebellion was happening but also people were excited to be connected to the Roman Catholicism Church.

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The battle between France, Spain, and England

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The battle between France, Spain, and England

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Mary helped Spain in the war with France and when Spain and England lost it was a humiliating defeat for England.

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Her reign was from July 1553 until her death in November 1558

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Born February 18 1516 -> Ascends the throne July 19 1553-> November 12 1554 Marries King Philip ll of Spain and defeated Wyatt's Rebellion -> July 25 1554 Repealed the Supremacy Act -> 1555 established and revised the Hersey laws (55-58 killed protestants) -> 1557-58 war with France -> November 17 1558 Death

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She was the first Queen of England (in her right not by marriage)

nicknamed Bloody Mary for all of the executions from the Hersey Act

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“Act of Supremacy - (AP European History) - Vocab, Definition, Explanations | Fiveable.” Fiveable.me, 2018, library.fiveable.me/key-terms/ap-euro/act-of-supremacy.

History.com Editors. “Mary I - England, Queen & Bloody Mary | HISTORY.” HISTORY, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/articles/mary-i.

Mary I." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 11 Feb. 2025. n   school-eb-com.ez.pausd.org/levels/high/article/Mary-I/51210. Accessed 16 Jun. 2025.

“Why Queen Mary I of England Slaughtered Hundreds for Their Religious Beliefs.” History Skills, 2025, www.historyskills.com/classroom/year-8/marian-persecutions/?srsltid=AfmBOopu5oo9ImSusazIX0M8DYq_3RedAW0nM8Y0OOZiG2qhb9vxCWA6. Accessed 17 June 2025.