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The known definition of death has changed in recent years. Before the advancement of medical technology and the use of resuscitation, one was pronounced dead by the cardiopulmonary criteria. This criterion comprised stopping breathing, no pulse being present, and the heart-stopping. Once the heart and lungs no longer function, the rest of the body will cease functioning. The lack of vital signs was the definitive indicator of death for many years. Biotechnology, medicine, and transplantation developments have questioned clinical definitions of death and human perspectives. The term "living death" refers to those who are in a coma or have extensive dementia, making it impossible to identify death without medical criteria. Another example of a possible definition of death is psychological death. Psychological death is the loss of one's identity and is frequently linked to drug abuse or mental disease. No matter how long the voyage, life may be perceived as a journey, and the same is true of death and the dying process.

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Death is not a single moment but a complicated process involving many occurrences. We may observe this process with the devices designed to look inside our bodies. In the past, indicators of death were visual and aural, such as stopping breathing or heartbeat. Nevertheless, the meaning of death shifted as CPR methods advanced. Ventilators, which automated breathing in the 1940s, and defibrillators, which shocked hearts back into regular rhythm in the 1950s, allowed a body to outlast a brain. The medical definition of the end of consciousness was established during a 1968 Harvard medical conference on brain death. The brain can no longer sustain life support for the body when there is no longer any electrical activity in the brain. The "I" is no longer alive.

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How technology has changed the definition of death

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Since ancient times, people have been captivated by death and resurrection, with many faiths having their interpretations of these ideas. One old view was called vitalism, and it held that the essence of life was a specific ingredient or force that made living things exceptional. This notion endured throughout the world and is still present in tales of magical sources that can refill life or animals that may drain it from others. After the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, vitalism declined in the West. The idea by René Descartes was that the human body was basically no different from any other machine, given life by a soul created by God and housed in the pineal gland of the brain. Even Dr. Duncan McDougall asserted that the soul possessed mass. Dr. McDougall would take the weight of a person before and after they have passed. In doing this, Dr. McDougall was able to offer evidence for his theory that a person’s soul has weight and, therefore, exists.

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At what moment are you dead? - Randall Hayes

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Although the meaning and standards of death will change throughout time, it is still crucial to declare someone dead for all those who are affected. When it comes to determining who is dead and what happens next, most instances are settled. On the other hand, disagreements or conflicts might occur occasionally. Thankfully, there are tactics available to address issues. Health institution policy may be utilized to codify the procedure under certain conditions. The objective is to reduce the harmful effects of these circumstances by resolving these issues courteously and relationship-preserving. Because the human bodies that no longer has brain function, we lose the person that we know and love. We will no longer be able to hear their unique voices, see their faces become animated with emotions, nor will we be able to determine whether they can hear and understand us. They lose their personalities and become an unresponsive shell of their former selves.

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The concept of death has changed since the development of resuscitation techniques and medical technology. Cardiopulmonary criteria were utilized before this, but these definitions have been questioned by biotechnology, medicine, and transplantation. Nowadays, brain death is the primary term, and living death and psychological death are also taken into consideration. The idea of "integration as a whole" is impacted by ontological issues, values, and areas of interest. The term "death" in medicine refers to the termination of consciousness, and it is a multifaceted process that began in 1968. Policies at healthcare facilities can aid in addressing these problems and guaranteeing the affected parties' safety.

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References

Lizza, J. P. (2018). Defining Death: Beyond Biology. Diametros, 55(55), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.13153/diam.1172

Simpson, C., Lee-Ameduri, K., Hartwick, M., Shaul, R. Z., Kanji, A., Healey, A., Murphy, N. B., & Pope, T. M. (2023). Navigating disagreement and conflict in the context of a brain-based definition of death. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 70(4), 724–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-023-02417-2

LeishmanJuneMoi_2009_Chapter1Introduction_PerspectivesOnDeathAn.pdf

Vox. (2016, August 25). How technology has changed the definition of death [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mx9A0BjhEdU

TED-Ed. (2014, December 11). At what moment are you dead? - Randall Hayes [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5c6C3rHOdf8