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Spacecraft navigation comprises three main aspects: 1: Designing a reference trajectory which describes the planned flight path of the spacecraft. 2: Keeping track of the actual spacecraft position while the mission is in flight; this is the work of orbit determination.

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This is Mikhail S. Khomyakov building the Sputnik 1.

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On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the earth's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. The Sputnik 1 spacecraft was the first artificial satellite successfully placed in orbit around the Earth.

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At 02:56 GMT on 21 July, 1969 American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Seven years before he walked on the Moon he was co-sponsored by NASA.

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On May 15, 1958, Soviet Chief Designer Sergey P. Korolyov saw his dream come true. I can tell why he was so excited to launch it because it took two years to build Sputnik 3.

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Luna 1 was the first spacecraft to escape Earth's gravity. Luna 1 was launched on January 2, 1959

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Yuri A. Gargarin became the first human to journey into outer space. Traveling on Vostok 1, Gargarin completed one orbit of Earth on April 12, 1961, with his flight taking 108 minutes.

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The Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957. It carried a dog named Laika. Laika was the first living thing to be sent to space.

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Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to travel to space on June 16, 1963. She orbited Earth as part of the Vostok 6 mission.

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The Hubble space telescope is a large, space-based observatory that has changed our understanding of the cosmos since its launch. Hubble was launched on April 24, 1990.

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Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov was the first person to leave a space capsule and spacewalk. She was outside the Voskhod 2 orbital craft on March 18, 1965