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I chose this topic because I found it interesting in class to learn about the different hardship's women go through mentally and physically throughout the stages of motherhood. When my mom was having me, she found out that the umbilical cord was wrapped around my throat, cutting off oxygen, so she had to have an early cesarian section in order for me not to have other complications. I think knowing that makes me more interested in this topic because my birth was a part of one of the harder cases mothers have to go through.

The databases I used were:

1) JSTOR

2) Project Muse

3) ProQuest Historical New York Times

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FOX, BONNIE, and ELENA NEITERMAN. “EMBODIED MOTHERHOOD: Women’s Feelings about Their Postpartum Bodies.” Gender and Society, vol. 29, no. 5, 2015, pp. 670–93. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43670009. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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FOX, BONNIE, and ELENA NEITERMAN. “EMBODIED MOTHERHOOD: Women’s Feelings about Their Postpartum Bodies.” Gender and Society, vol. 29, no. 5, 2015, pp. 670–93. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43670009. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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The article explores the complex emotions and situations experienced by women during their postpartum bodies. The authors, who use qualitative research methods, explore the ways the women understand and handle their changes in their bodies after they have given birth, which sheds the light on the societal and personal factors that affect these perceptions. This article adds to the birth and motherhood conversation by showcasing the importance of bodily experiences in understanding women's postpartum routes and the underlying cultural well-being of motherhood. I found this article by searching in JSTOR for "Birth and Motherhood." The citation for this article is in the title for this card.

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Coussons-Read, Mary E. “The Psychoneuroimmunology of Stress in Pregnancy.” Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 21, no. 5, 2012, pp. 323–28. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44318603. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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Coussons-Read, Mary E. “The Psychoneuroimmunology of Stress in Pregnancy.” Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 21, no. 5, 2012, pp. 323–28. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44318603. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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This essay scrutinizes the complicated relay between psychological stress, the neuroendocrine system, and immunity during pregnancy. The research looks into the impacts of stress during this critical period on maternal health, fetus development and even the long-term wellness of mother and child. This research becomes significant when it comes to understanding of the physical and psychological processes of pregnancy and paints a picture of the possible mental and physical effects of stress on women during their empowering journey from birth to motherhood. I found this article by searching in JSTOR for "psychological effects of birth on women." The citation for this article is in the title for this card.

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Carter, Shannon K. "Gender and Childbearing Experiences: Revisiting O'Brien's Dialectics of Reproduction." NWSA Journal, vol. 21 no. 2, 2009, p. 121-143. Project MUSE, https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2009.a316157.

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Carter, Shannon K. "Gender and Childbearing Experiences: Revisiting O'Brien's Dialectics of Reproduction." NWSA Journal, vol. 21 no. 2, 2009, p. 121-143. Project MUSE, https://doi.org/10.1353/ff.2009.a316157.

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This article revisits O'Brien's "Dialectics of Reproduction" which deals with the relationship between gender and giving birth using O'Brien as a basis to address how society's ideals and relationships of power influence individuals' experiences of reproduction. Through O'Brien's dialectical, Carter emphasizes the harsh reality of how gender norms force a woman to endure the complexities of motherhood, thereby, defining her childbirth experience and identity. This article explored birth experience on the gender basis and therefore demonstrated the multi-faceted nature of giving birth and the need to always consider the gender factor during discussions on motherhood. I found this article by searching in Project Muse for "Birth." The citation for this article is in the title for this card.

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"American Motherhood and the Question of Home Birth"

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"American Motherhood and the Question of Home Birth"

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Holden's film review studies the crossroads between the recondite aspect of American motherhood and the problematic matter of home birth. Under a critical lens, it dissects the cultural, social and medical dynamics surrounding the home choice as women bring babies into the world and thus highlighting the deeply personal yet politically charged women’s decision-making process for expecting mothers. Through this discussion, this piece adds to a broader conversation revolving around autonomy and health choices besides social norms defining maternity and childbirth in the US society. I found this article by searching in ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times for "Birth and Motherhood." Holden, Stephen. "American Motherhood and the Question of Home Birth: FILM REVIEW." New York Times (1923-), Jan 09, 2008, pp. 1. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/american-motherhood-question-home-birth/docview/897774330/se-2.

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"A Racial Gap in Infant Deaths, and a Search for Reasons"

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"A Racial Gap in Infant Deaths, and a Search for Reasons"

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This article finds that there is an unacceptable racial disparity in infant mortality rates as seen particularly in United States of America. The article analyzes multiple causes of racial disparities in health such as socioeconomic situation, affordability of healthcare, and racial bias of the healthcare system. It reveals the immediately needed interventions so that every mother and baby will have the equal care and help even under practical complexity matters within the marginalized context of birth and motherhood. I found this article by searching in ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times for "motherhood." Works Cited

Berger, Leslie. "NEW MOTHERHOOD: A RACIAL GAP IN INFANT DEATHS, AND A SEARCH FOR REASONS." New York Times (1923-), Jun 25, 2000, pp. 1. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/new-motherhood/docview/91662404/se-2.

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Panazzolo, Michelle, and Ritchlyn Mohammed. “Birthing Trends in American Society and Women’s Choices.” Race, Gender & Class, vol. 18, no. 3/4, 2011, pp. 268–83. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43496848. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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Panazzolo, Michelle, and Ritchlyn Mohammed. “Birthing Trends in American Society and Women’s Choices.” Race, Gender & Class, vol. 18, no. 3/4, 2011, pp. 268–83. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43496848. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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This article is research that discusses the evolving patterns and ways women in U.S. are deciding their birth process. Through the scientific research and experiments, the text studies on many aspects of women reproduction processes, cultural factors, medical prograde and individual rights. The research is vital for the birth and motherhood discussion as it shows the multiplicity of the factors that women face during the childbirth and that their choices that they make are influenced by the environment of the contemporary America. I found this article by searching in JSTOR for "birth and motherhood." The citation for this article is in the title for this card.

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Reid, Keshia M., and Miles G. Taylor. “Stress and Maternal Postpartum Depression: The Importance of Stress Type and Timing.” Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 34, no. 6, 2015, pp. 851–75. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43672128. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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Reid, Keshia M., and Miles G. Taylor. “Stress and Maternal Postpartum Depression: The Importance of Stress Type and Timing.” Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 34, no. 6, 2015, pp. 851–75. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43672128. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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in this article, the authors are trying to show how different types and timings of stress impact on women who suffer from postpartum depression. Experiences share the importance of analyzing various risk factors in the prevention of postpartum depression and provide original and constructive information for those supporting new mothers from the overwhelmed experience of motherhood. This article will focus on the very complicated interplay between stress levels, maternal mental health, and postpartum period and as a result it will add important information to the fertility, births and motherhood discussion. I found this article in JSTOR by searching "Motherhood." This citation for this article is in the title of this card