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Mesoamerican Trade Networks (Pre-1500)

Civilizations like the Aztecs and Mayans established regional trade routes for goods such as cacao, obsidian, and textiles.

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Aztecs and Mayans established regional trade routes

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Mexico became a key part of the Spanish Empire, serving as a bridge between Europe, Africa, and Asia. This was primarily due to the trade of silver, gold, and agricultural products, which were shipped from Mexico to Spain and other parts of the world, helping to connect these continents through a global economic network.

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Introduction of European Crops and Livestock (16th Century): 

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Introduction of European Crops and Livestock (16th Century): 

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The Columbian Exchange introduced wheat, livestock, and horses to Mexico, reshaping agriculture and influencing everyday life.

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Porfirio Díaz Era (1876-1911)

Foreign investment surged in mining, railroads, and agriculture, further linking Mexico to the global economy.

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Efforts to industrialize and nationalize key industries, including oil, positioned Mexico as a growing global player.

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The North American Free Trade Agreement boosted Mexico’s trade and manufacturing, integrating it further into the global economy.

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Contemporary Globalization (2000s-Present)

Mexico became a key hub for global supply chains in industries like automobiles, electronics, and aerospace, benefiting from numerous trade agreements.

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1.-Crosby, A. W. (1972). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Greenwood Publishing. https://archive.org/details/columbianexchang0000cros_j1j8

2.-Kicza, J. E. (1992). Patterns in Early Spanish Overseas Expansion. The William and Mary Quarterly, 49(2), 229–253. https://web.as.uky.edu/history/faculty/myrup/his206/Article%20on%20Patterns%20of%20Spanish%20Conquest.pdf

3.-Dussel Peters, E. (2005). Impacto del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte en las exportaciones manufactureras de México. Comercio Exterior, 55(4), 310–317. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1405-74252005000400002&script=sci_arttext