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The Estates-General convened on May 5, 1789. The Third Estate sent 600 delegates, while the nobility and clergy each sent 300. The crucial issue was how to vote—by estate or by head. The Third Estate wanted voting by head, giving them more influence.

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On June 17, 1789, the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly to work on a new constitution. When they found their meeting place locked, they moved to a tennis court and swore to meet until they had created a constitution. This event became known as the Tennis Court Oath, marking a revolutionary step.

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In July 1789, revolts broke out across France. The most famous event was the Storming of the Bastille on July 14. The Parisian mob seized weapons from the prison, and the event became a powerful symbol of the revolution.

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In the wake of the Great Fear, a period of panic and rebellion, the National Assembly abolished feudal privileges, ending the aristocracy’s control over taxes and land. Many nobles fled, fearing for their lives.

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On August 26, 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted. It included Enlightenment principles like liberty, property, and equality, and challenged the old social hierarchy.

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In October 1789, women from Paris marched to Versailles to demand bread. Their protests forced Louis XVI to accept the reforms and move the royal family to Paris, ensuring that the revolution would continue.

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In June 1791, Louis XVI attempted to flee France, but he was caught and brought back to Paris. His failed escape attempt seriously damaged his credibility and authority as a constitutional monarch.

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In April 1792, France declared war on Austria. The war and growing suspicions of the king's treachery led to his arrest. The monarchy was officially abolished in September 1792, and France became a republic.

This phase of the revolution saw the rise of the National Assembly, the fall of the monarchy, and the eventual shift toward a republic.